The Glacial Nightmare and the Flood: A Second Appeal to Common Sense from the Extravagance of Some Recent Geology, 1. kötetS. Low, Marson, limited, 1893 - 920 oldal |
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Gyakori szavak és kifejezések
action Agassiz Alpine Alps angular appear argues axis Baltic beds boulder clay carried cause chalk Charpentier climate coast conglomerate continuous covered débris deposits diluvial diluvian diluvium direction distance district drift earth elevation England erratic blocks evidence existence explain fact feet Finland floating flood formed furrows Geikie Geol geological geologists glacial epoch glacial period glaciers gneiss granite gravel grooves Gulf of Bothnia heat height hemisphere hills Ice Age ice-sheet icebergs immense islands Jura lake land limestone masses of ice miles Miocene moraines mountains moved northern obliquity observed occur ocean pebbles Permian phenomena plains pole polished surfaces porphyry present regions ridges rivers roches moutonnées rolled rounded sand sandstone says Scandinavia scattered Scotland scratches shores side Silurian similar slope southern stones strata striæ striated summits Sweden Switzerland temperature theory thickness torrent traces transported urges Valais valleys whole
Népszerű szakaszok
327. oldal - The sole cause of the phenomena of the glacial epoch was a higher temperature of the ocean than that which obtains at present.
344. oldal - The state of the case is shortly this : — The hypothesis of a perfectly rigid crust containing liquid violates physics by assuming preternaturally rigid matter and violates dynamical astronomy in the solar semi-annual and lunar fortnightly nutations ; but tidal theory has nothing to say against it On the other hand the tides decide against any crust flexible enough to perform the nutations correctly with a liquid interior, or as flexible as the crust must be unless of preternaturally rigid matter.
131. oldal - I have had occasion to dig up a great number of bowlders, of red sandstone, and of the conglomerate kind, in erecting a cotton manufactory; and it was not uncommon to find them worn smooth on the under side, as if done by their having been dragged over rocks and gravelly earth, in one steady position.
71. oldal - The almost universal existence of rolled pebbles, and boulders of rock, not only on the margin of the oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers ; but their existence, often in enormous quantities, in situations quite removed from large waters ; inland, — in high banks, imbedded in strata, or scattered, occasionally, in profusion, on the face of almost every region, and sometimes on the tops and declivities of mountains, as well as in the...
162. oldal - ... without considerable injury. A current of water, however powerful, could never have carried it up an acclivity, but would have deposited it in the first valley it came to, and would in a much less distance have rounded its angles, and given to it the shape so characteristic of stones subjected to the action of water. A glacier which fills up valleys in its course, and which conveys the rocks on its surface free from attrition, is the only agent we now see capable of transporting them to such...
25. oldal - ... for though we can readily conceive how the agency of violent currents may have driven these blocks down an inclined plane, or, if the vis a tergo were sufficient, along a level surface, or even up a very slight and gradual acclivity, it is impossible to ascribe to them the Sisyphean labour of rolling rocky masses, sometimes of many tons in weight, up the face of abrupt and high escarpments.
179. oldal - ... freezing the enormous lakes of that period, and converting them into immense glaciers, which probably continued undiminished during a long series of years. At the same time, elevations and depressions of the earth's surface were in progress, giving various degrees of inclination to the frozen surfaces of the lakes, down which boulders, sand and gravel would be impelled to great distances from the points of their origin.
271. oldal - England that cut through thick beds of boulder clay. The evidences of glacial action between Depilto and Ocotal were, with one exception, as clear as in any Welsh or Highland valley. There were the same rounded and smoothed rock surfaces, the same moraine-like accumulations of unstratified sand and gravel, the same transported boulders that could be traced to their parent rocks several miles distant.
248. oldal - ... its head alone above the desolate waste of ice and snow. In this region, then, the thickness of the sheet cannot have been much less than six thousand feet, and this is in keeping with the same kind of evidence in other parts of the country ; for, wherever the mountains are much below six thousand feet, the ice seems to have passed directly over them, while the few peaks rising to that height are left untouched.
264. oldal - Mountains (that is, having a thickness of nearly six thousand feet), moved over the continent of North America, — is it so improbable that, in this epoch of universal cold, the valley of the Amazons also had its glacier poured down into it from the accumulations of snow in the Cordilleras, and swollen laterally by the tributary glaciers descending from the...