fully applicable to the public good, to such other as may be beneficial. And provided further, that the holding of lands duty free shall be considered the payment for the service of the katepurule and atepattoo departments, and persons allotted to the dessave service; and also for the service to government of certain persons of the temple villages, and in part for those which cut cinnamon; and also that the duty of clearing and making roads, and putting up and repairing bridges, be considered a general gratuitous service falling on the districts through which the roads pass or wherein the bridges lie; and that the attendance on the great feast, which certain persons were bound to give, be continued to be gi en punctually and gratuitously. The washerman also shall continue to put up white cloths in the temples, and for the chief, gratuitously.

31. Kadawettes abolished.-All kadawettes and ancient barriers, throughout the country, shall be from henceforward discontinued and removed, and the establishments belonging to them for their maintenance and defence abolished; the services of the persons usually employed therein, being applied to such other more beneficial purpose as the board of commissioners shall determine.

32. Rules for service of kunamaduwe talpatwaduna and pandan kareas.-Aud it being necessary to provide rules for the service of certain persons, who were to perform duty to the person of the king of Candy, viz. the kunamaduwe or palanquin bearers, the talepatawedunokaria or talpat bearers, and pandankareas or torch bearers it is ordered by the governor, that such persons, being paid for the same, shall be bound to serve in their respective capacities, the governor, the members of H. M.'s council, any general officer on the staff of this army, the commissioners for Candian affairs, the secretary for the Candian provinces, and the officer commanding the troops in the interior.

33. Agents of government authorised to punish neglect of duty.-Aud for ensuring the due execution of all the above ordinances, relative to the collection of the revenue and performance of public duty by all chiefs and others, hisExc.empowers and directs that the board of commissiouers in Kandy, collectively, or in their several departments, and the agents of government in the provinces, shall punish all disobedience and neglect by suspension or dismissal from office, fine, or imprisonment, as particular cases may require and deserve; provided that no person holding the governor's commission may be abso lutely dismissed but by the same authority, and no other chief but by the authority of the hou. the resident; but as well the commissioners, as other agents, duly

authorised by instructions from the governor, may suspend chiefs of the superior or inferior order, on their responsibility," for disobedience or neglect of the orders or interest of the government, reporting immediately, as the case may require, to the governor or the resident, their proceedings for approval or reversal.

34. Detail of judicial administration in cases wherein Kandians are defendants. -Aud in order that justice may be duly, promptly, and impartially administered throughout the Kandian provinces to all classes, his Exc. the governor is pleased to declare his pleasure to be touching the same, and to delegate and assign the following jurisdiction to the public officers of government, for hearing and determining cases, whereby Kandians are concerned as defendants, either civil or criminal.

35. Powers of agents of government sitting alone In civil cases. In crimi❤› mal cases.-Every agent of government shall have power and jurisdiction to bear and determine alone civil cases, wherein the object of dispute shall not be land, and shall not exceed in value fifty rix dollars; and also criminal cases, of inferior description, such as common assaults, petty thefts, and breaches of the peace, with power of awarding punishment not exceeding a fine of rix dollars twenty-five, corporal punishment with a cat-o'-ninetails or rattan not exceeding thirty lashes, and imprisonment with or without labour not exceeding two months; to which terms of imprisonment and fiue such agents are also limited, in punishing neglects or disobedience of orders, according to the provisions above detailed.

36. Powers of judicial commissioner sitting alone.The second or judicial commissioner shall, sitting alone, have power to hear and determine civil cases, wherein the object in dispute shall not be land, and shall not exceed rix dollars one hundred in value; and also criminal cases, of inferior description, with powers of punishment as in the last clause conferred ou agents of government.

37. Courts by judicial commissioner and agents, duly authorised, to consist of themselves and two Kandian assessors; to try all civil cases, and all criminat cases, except treason, murder, and homicide.-The second or judicial commissioner, and such agents of government in the provinces to whom the governor shall delegate the same by his instructions, shall hold at Kandy, and in the provinces, a court for the trial of all other civil cases, and of criminal cases, excepting treason, murder, or homicide, with powers in crimiual matters to assess any punishment short of death, or mutilation of limbs or member; which court shall consist, in Kandy, of the second commissioner and two or more chiefs; and in the provinces,

of the agent of government, and one or more dessaves of the province, and one or more mohottales or principal korals, so as there shall be at least two Kandian assessors, or of two mohattales or korales, where no dessave can attend.

38. Mode of decision: Reference to court of judicial commissioner.-The decisions of the courts in the provinces shall be by the agent of government, the Kandyan assessors giving their advice, and where the opinion of the majority of such assessors differs from the opinion of the agent of government there shall be no immediate decision; but the proceedings shall be transferred to the court of the 2d commissioner, who may either decide on the proceedings had in the original court, or send for the parties and witnesses and rehear the case, or take or order the agent to take further evidence, and shall decide the same.

39. Auprals to judicial comissioner. -Appeals also shall lie from the decisions of such agents to the court aforesaid of the 2d commissioner in civil cases, if the appeal is entered before the agent in ten days from his decree and the object in dispute be either land or personal property, exceed ing rix-do lars 150 in value; in which case, execution hall stay and the proceedings be transmitted to the said commissioners' court, which shall and may proceed in the same as in the cases mentioned in the former article. That appeals also may be allowed upon order of the governor, or the board of commissioners, although not entered in ten days, if application is made in a year.

40. Made of decision in court of judicial commissioner reference to the governor appeals to the governor-The decisions in the court of the second commissioner shall be by the said commissioner, the Kandyan assessors giving their advice; and if the opinion of the majority of such assessors shall be different from that of the second commissioner, the case, whether originally instituted or in appeal or reference from the agent of government, shall be transferred to the collective board, and by them reported on to his Exc. the governor, whose decision thereon shall be conclusive and without appeal; but that in civil cases decided by the second commissioner, either in original or brought before him by appeal or reference, appeal shall lie to the governor if entered before the second commissioner in ten days from his decree; and if the object in dispute be either laud or personal property, exceeding in value 150 rixdollar, in which case execution of the decree shall be stayed and the proceedings be transmitted to the governor. But appeal may be allowed by order of the governor on application within one year from the date of the decree.

41. Disposal of appeals.-Appeals to the governor will be disposed of by his Exc. in correspondence with the board of commissioners according to justice.

42. Execution of sentences in criminal cases limited.-In criminal cases no sentence, either by the second commissioner or the agents of government, shall be carried into effect, if it awards corporal punishment exceeding 100 lashes, imprisonment with or without chains or labour exceeding four mouths, or fine exceeding 50 rix-dollars; unless after reference to the governor through the board of commissioners, which will report on the case and sentence, and after his Exc.'s confirmation of such sentence.

43. The resident may preside in court of judicial commissioner or hold a sepa rate court. The hon. the resident may, when he thinks needful, assist and preside in the court of the judicial commissioner, and that the resident may also hold a court for hearing cases to consist of himself and two Kandyan chiefs or assessors, under the provisions respecting references and appeals, and limitation of execution of sentences in criminal cases, prescribed to the judicial commissioner, and to preserve regularity, the records of such the resident's judicial proceedings in each case shall be deposited with the ju dicial commissioner on the conclusion of

same.

44. Mode of proceeding in cases of trea son, murder, and homicide.-In all cases of treason, murder, or homicide, the trial shall be before the courts of the resident or of the second commisioner and his Kandyan assessors, whose opinion as to the guilt of the defendant, and the sentence to be passed on any one convicted, is to be reported through the board of commissioners, with their opinion also, to his Exc. the governor for his determination.

45. Jurisdiction where superior chiefs are defendants reserved to the second commissioner; jurisdicti n in other cases. -All cases criminal or civil, in which a superior chief is defendant, shall be originally instituted and heard before the resident or the second commissioners; that all other cases shall be instituted before the jurisdiction in which the defendant resides. Provided that in civil cases the plaintiff may appoint an attorney to prosecute in his behalf, as may the defendant to defend his case.

46. Assessment of fines in civil suits.In civil cases the losing party may be by the second commissioner or agent of government, discretionarily ordered to pay a sum to government of one-twentieth part of the value of the object in dispute, not exceeding in any case rix-dollars 50.

47. Civil jurisdiction of 1st and 24 adigars. The 1st and 2d adigar shall

and may execute civil jurisdiction over all Katepurules and their property, subject to appeal to the second commissioner, and also over such other persons and property as the governor may by special warrant assign to the jurisdiction of either of these two great officers, subject to appeal as aforementioned. And that the second

commissioner, or any agent of goverument, may refer cases for hearing, and report to him in his court to the adigars, dessaves, or mohottales.

48. Criminal jurisdiction of auigars. The adigars shall have jurisdiction 10 punish disobedience of their orders and petty officers, by inflicting corporal punishment not exceeding 50 strokes with the open hand or 25 with a rattan on the back, or by awarding imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 days.

49. Of dessaves, mohottales, and korales.-The dessaves or chiefs holding the governor's commission may also punish offences by corporal punishment, not exceeding twenty-five strokes with the open hand, and of imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven days; and similarly the principal mohottales, liennerales, and korales being in office, may inflict corporal punishment for offences on persons over whom they might have exercised such jurisdiction under the former government, not exceeding ten strokes with the open hand, and may imprison such persous for a term not exceeding three days; provided that the several persons on whom the above power is exercised shall be duly and lawfully subject to the orders of such adigar, dessave chief, mohottale, liennerale, or korale; and that no such power shall be exercised on persons holding office, or on persons of the low-country, foreigners, or on moormen of the Kandyan provinces; and provided that in all cases where imprisonment is awarded for a term exceeding three days, the prisoner be sent with a note of the sentence to the 2d commissioner, or the nearest agent of government, to be confined.

50. Mode of receiving evidence, and administering oath to pagans.-To ensure a due and uniform administration of justice, it is declared and enacted by his excellency, that all evidence before the resident, the 2d commissioner, or other ageut of government, in a civil or criminal case, shall be taken on oath; which oath, in the case of Kandyan or Hindoo witnesses, shall be administered after the evidence is taken (the witness being previously warned that such will be the case), at the nearest dewale, before a commis. sioner or commissioners ordered by the court to see that the witness declares solemnly that the evidence he has given is the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth; that no exemption can lie to this mode of giving evidence, except

where Budbist priests are examined; and that every person except a priest giving evidence must stand while he delivers it.

51. Jurisdiction over foreigners, and over Kandyan moormen.-The people of the low country, and foreigners, coming into the Kandyan provinces, shall coutinne subject to the civil and criminal jurisdic tion of the agents of government alone, with such extension as his excellency may by special additional instructions vest is such agents, and under the limitation as to execution of sentences in criminal cases herein before provided as to Kandyaus in the 42d clause, until reference to the governor through the board of commis sioners, excepting in cases of treason, murder, and homicide, in which such persons shall be subject to the same jurisdiction now provided for Kandyans, and that the same line shall be pursued in cases wherein a Kandyau moorman shall be defendant.

52. Confirmation of privileges to moormen.—And his excellency the governor takes this occasion to contiria the provisions of his proclamation of the 2d March, 1818, respecting the moormen; but to explain that they are, nevertheless, when living in the villages wherein also Kaudyaus reside, to obey the orders of the Kandyan chief or headman of the village, on pain of punishment by the agent of government for disobedience, notwithstanding any thing in the said proclama

tion contained.

53. Local jurisdiction of board of Commissioners, agents to hear minor cases at Attapittia and Nalende.-Aecording to such known rules, justice will be accessible to every man, high or low, rich or poor, with all practicable convenience, and the confident knowledge of inpartiality of decision. And to give effect to this plan for the administration of justice, and to collect the public revenue, and ensure the execution of public duties, his excellency is pleased to assign to the immediate controul and exercise of jurisdiction of the board of commissioners the following provinces :-The Four Korles, Matele, Oodapalata, including Upper Balatgamme, Oodanoora, Yatenoora, Tampanue, Harissiapattoo, Doombera, Hawahette, Kotmale, the part of Walapaua lying west of the Kuda and Ooma Oya and the Hooruole, Tamirawane Maminiya and Ollagalla Pattoos of Nuwera Kalawiye, in all which the higher judicial duties and the collection of revenues will be made by the commissioners of the board, but in those limits there will be besides two agents of government to hear miner cases; at Attapittia in the Four Korles, and a Nalende in Matele.

54. Powers of agent of government in Ova. There will be an agent of government resident in Ouva, to whose

immediate jurisdiction are assigned the provinces of Ouva, Welasse, Bintenne, Weyeloowa, and the royal village of Madulla: all civil and criminal cases will be heard by him, with the exceptions mentioned, and under the rules detailed above: he will give orders to collect revenue, perform public service, suspend and punish headmen for disobedience, and exercise general powers of government in those limits subject to the superintendance of the board of commissioners.

55. In the Seven Korles, Suffragam; Three Korles, Tamankadewe.—Similarly an agent of government in the Seven Korles will exercise jurisdiction over that province and the northeru part of Nuwere Kalawipe. An agent of government in Saffragam will perform like duties in that province. An agent of government will reside in the Three Korles with like powers; and the collector of Trincomalee will hear all cases, and collect the revenue, and cause public service to be performed in the same manner in Tamankadewe.

56. Reservation to the British governor of power to make further provisions or alterations. In all matters not provided for by this proclamation, or other proclamations heretofore promulgated by the authority of the British government, his Exc. reserves to himself and his successors the power of reforming abuses, and making such provision as is necessary, beneficial, or desirable. He also reserves full power to alter the present provisions, as may appear hereafter necessary and expedieut. And he requires, in his Majesty's name, all officers, civil and military, all adigars, dessaves and other chiefs, and all other his Majesty's subjects, to be obedient, aiding and assisting in the execution of these or other his

orders, as they shall answer the contrary at their peril-Given at Kandy, in the said island of Ceylon, this 21st day of November, 1813.-By his Excellency's command, (Signed) GEO. LUSIGNAN, Sec. for Kandyan Provinces.

Military-Official.

Colombo, 29th January, 1819.-General Orders.—The head quarters, and that part of the 1st bat. H. C. 15th Madras N. remaining at Colombo, to embark on board the ship Elizabeth, at 6 o'clock on Sunday morning the 31st inst., under the command of Lieut.col. Limoud, for

the purpose of proceeding to Tutocoryn.

On the occasion of announcing in general orders the embarkation of the re

maining division of the H. C. 1st bat. of the 15th Madras N. I., the commander of the forces performs a pleasing and gratifying part of his duty, in expressing his full approbation at the conduct of that battalion, under the able command of

Lieut.col. Limond, from the time of its arrival in Ceylon, in the month of March last, to the present moment, comprehending a long period of serious rebellion, în the suppressing of which this corps had its full share with the rest of the army, and always behaved in the most gallant and soldier-like manner.

To Lieut.col. Limond and his brave offi cers, the Lieut.gen. is particularly thankful, for their willing, cheerful, and effici ent services; they leave Ceylon with his cordial wishes for their advancement, health, and happiness; and he desires to assure them, that he shall ever reflect with pleasure on the honour of having hud a battalion so well officered, and so well trained, under his command. (Signed)

T. B. GASCOYNE, Dep. Asst. Adjt. Gen.

SUMATRA.

Original Correspondence. The following is an abstract of several authentic private accounts:

In the latter part of March, Sir Stamford Raffles had concluded a treaty with the King of Acheen, which gives us a preponderating influence in the northern districts, and ensures us the absolute command of that entrance of the straights of Malacca. This judicious treaty has received the sanction and approbation of the Gov.gen. It provides for the residence of a British agent, and the security of a free and uniuterupted commerce. The tranquillity of the country had long been disturbed by the pretensions of a wealthy Arab at Penang, who bad set up his son as King. Our treaty provides for his removal, and in a few years there is no doubt but that the resources of the country will be gradually developed for many years they have been checked and neglected. During the mission of Sir Stamford Raffles to Acheen he had the advantage of being attended by two French naturalists, who have gleaned all the information which their time afforded, and among the desiderata now no longer so, it has been discovered that the country produces in abundance excellent Teak (hitherto supposed not to exist in Sumatra), and Fir also of a very valuable description. The King is said to be a very extraordinary character, and much superior to what he has been hitherto represented.

:

Sir Stamford was associated in a comIn the arrangement concluded at Acheen mission with Maj. Coombs as joint agents and representatives of the Gov.gen.

- Every thing is now quiet in the Archipelago and the check which our establishment has imposed upon Dutch eucroachment and pretension has revived the confidence of the natives; and if the measures already adopted are followed up by a liberal and decisive arrangement in Europe, our important interests in that part of our eastern possessions will no longer be endangered.

There is an excellent account of Acheen in Marsden's Sumatra; and we also refer our readers to a very valuable article upon this subject published in the 28th No. of the Pamphleteer, written by Mr. Assey, late secretary to the government of Java.

Unofficial-Published in India. Reported Tenor of the Treaty.-All that we have beard, since our last publication, on the interesting subject of the transactions taking place to the eastward, is that the principal clause in the treaty Jately entered into with the Malay Sultau Mahomed Shah is, on the part of the Hon. Company, the annual payment of a sum of 5000 dollars to the legitimate sovereigns of Sinkapore, aud, on the part of Sultan Mahomed Shah, the permission to the Hon. Company to build a town in the said island and a fort for the protection of the vast commerce of which it is likely to become the emporium.-Calcutta Times, March 30.

Survey of the new Settlement.-Capt. Ross, of the hon. Company's marine, has completed a survey of the harbour, coast, and territory; and his description is accompanied with a chart. The following is his nautical and topographical descrip

tion.

Singapoora harbour, situated four miles to the N. N. E. of St. John's island, in what is commonly called the Sincapore Straits, will afford a safe anchorage to ships in all seasons, and being clear of hidden danger, the approach to it is rendered easy by day or night. Its position is also favourable for commanding the navigation of the straits, the track which the ships pursue being distant about five miles, and it may be expected from its proximity to the Malayan islands and China seas, that in a short time numerous vessels would resort to it for commercial purposes.At the anchorage, ships are sheltered from F. N.E. round to N. and W., as far as S. b. W., by the S. point of Johore, Singapoora, and many smaller islands, extending to St. John's, and thence round to the N. point of Batang, bearing E. S. E. by the numerous islands forming the S. side of Singapoora strait; the bottom, to

within a few yards of the shore, is soft mud and holds well.-The town of Singapoora, on the island of the same name, stands on a point of land near the wes tern part of a bay, and is easily distin guished by there being just behind it, a pleasant looking hill, that is partly cleared of trees. Between the point on which the town is situated and the western one of the bay, there is a creek in which the native vessels anchor close to the town, and it may be found useful to European vessels of easy draught to repair in.. On the eastern side of the bay, opposite to the tower, there is a deep inlet lined by mangroves, which would also be a good anchorage for native boats, and about north from the low sandy point of the bay there is a village inhabited by fishermen, a short way to the eastward of which is a passage through the mangroves leading to a fresh water river.Ships that are coming from the westward have nothing to apprehend in rounding the small peaked island, which is on the east side of St. John's, as the reef does not extend above a cable's length off it; and just without that, the depth of water is from 12 to 14 fathoms. Having rounded the Peaked island, at half a mile, a N. or N. b. E, course will lead to the anchorage, and 12 or 14 fathoms be the depth; but when at one mije and half from the island it will decrease to five or four and three quarter fathoms at low water, on a flat which is two miles and half long and is parallel to the coast; there is no danger. whatever on this bank being soft mud, Continuing the N. or N. b. E. course you will deepen into a channel of 12 or 13 fathoms, and again shoal rather quickly to six fathoms on the shore bank, after the shore. Large ships will find the best which the depth gradually decreases to anchorage to be with Peaked island about

S. b. W. and the eastern extreme of Singapoora island, about N. E. b. E. in five fathoms at low water, where they will have the tower, bearing N. W. b. W. distant one mile and a half. Ships of easy draught can go nearer into three fathoms at low water, with the Peaked island bearing S. W. and Johore hill, on with the eastern extreme of Singapoora island, where they will be distant about threequarters of a mile from the tower, and about half a mile from the eastern low sandy point of the bay. The coast to the eastward of the town bay is one continued sandy beach, and half a mile to the eastern point of the bay or two miles and a half from the town, there is a point where the depth of water is six or seven fathoms at 3 or 400 yards from the shore, and at 600 yards a small bank with about three fathoms at low water, the point offers a favourable position for batteries to defeud ships that may, in time of war,