his mystical body. If pride and bigotry could be effectually subdued, the little discrepancies, which might still remain among the true followers of Jesus Christ, would almost vanish from the sight; we should learn to strive with one mind for the faith of the Gospel; we should learn to view each other not as arrayed under different banners, but as marshalled under the banner of Christ; many of the distinctions which now unhappily prevail, would disappear; and by this would all men know that we are Christ's disciples because we have love one to another: we should thus, according to the spirit of the best times of the church, and of the best examples which those days have bequeathed to us, be like minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind.'" pp. 183, 184. But we must stay our hand; not for defect of valuable matter for extract, but of space to insert it. Mr. Dealtry is so highly esteemed and beloved," for his works' sake," by all who know how to appreciate the services which he has rendered to the church of Christ by his writings and personal exertions, that we should think it quite superfluous to descant upon this topic in the present paper. Those who know him hitherto only by his controversial writings or occasional discourses, will find in the present volume how well qualified he is, as a minister of Christ, to feed the flock committed to his charge, in the wholesome pastures of scriptural truth. Such sermons as these are of inestimable value. They are recommended by the good sense, the Christian sobriety of statement, and the uniform application of every topic to the practical business of the Christian life, which pervade them throughout. They are neither Calvinistic nor Arminian; they are neither legal nor Antinomian; they are Scriptural. To say that they have considerable literary merit, is less necessary, considering the well known talents of the author, than to add that he has brought all the powers of his highly furnished mind into subjection to the Gospel of his Saviour; and has given to his pages, rich in thought as they are, almost the simplicity of a village sermon. The blessing of God, we doubt not, will attend this votive offering upon his altar. LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL INTELLIGENCE, &c. &c. GREAT BRITAIN. PREPARING for publication:-The Connexion of Sacred and Profane History, from the Death of Joshna until the Decline of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah; intended to complete the Works of Shuckford and Prideaux; by the Rev. Dr. Russell. In the press:-Matthew Henry's Commentary, with an Introduction by the Rev. E. Bickersteth ;—An Index to Taylor's Edition of Calmet's Dictionary of the Bible ;-Sermons, by the Rev. H. King. The collection of Æthiopic, Arabic, and other oriental manuscripts obtained by the traveller, Bruce, in Egypt and Abyssinia, was lately put up to auction; but there being no advance upon the reserve of 5,000l., at which it was put up, it was bought in for the proprietor. It consists of nearly one hundred volumes. Among the biblical manuscripts is an Ethiopic version of the Old Testament, in five volumes, made from manuscripts used by the Greek Church at Alexandria, at a remote but unknown period. It includes the Book of Enoch, which was first brought into Europe by Mr. Bruce. There are also in this collection, two copies of the four Gospels in Ethiopic, the Epistles and Acts of the Apostles on vellum; and the Song of Solomon in all the principal languages of the Abyssinian empire, with a vocabulary in each dialect. This MS. is considered a valuable accession to. philological literature. Among the historical MSS. is the celebrated Chronicle of Axûm, on vellum. It professes to have been compiled from materials or records found by Damâtious, Bishop of Rome, in the church of St. Sophia, and read at the al nt R first council of Nice to the 318 fathers as- The books presented by the university The Museum of the Zoological Society has been enriched by numerous donations; and among others an ostrich from his majesty. The magnificent collection of the late Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, consisting of mamalia, birds, reptiles, insects, zoophytes, &c., has been transferred to the society. The works in the Regent's Park are rapidly advancing. It is expected that the gardens will be opened during the ensuing autumn. The Marquis of Lansdowne is appointed president, in the room of the late Sir T. S. Raffles. The MS. Herbal of Jean Jaques Rous- In a cavern lately discovered in the The first anniversary was lately cele- Dr. Barry, an English physician settled at Paris, has advanced that absorption depends upon atmospheric pressure; and that by removing this pressure-for example, with a cupping glass-poisons applied to wounded parts, such as the bite of a snake or rabid animal, will not be introduced into the system. He also maintains, that even after a part of the poison has been absorbed, and has begun to produce its effects upon the system, the application of a cupping-glass will arrest its further influence. His inquiries are favourably spoken of by the French faculty of medicine. UNITED STATES. The Rev. Robert Cox, a minister of the Methodist persuasion in Virginia, has lately died leaving a will in which he has made provision for emancipating all his slaves, upwards of thirty, and for giving each a handsome sum of money. He had offered to transport them to Africa during his life; but they preferred living with him as servants, receiving wages. INDIA. We copy the following passage from the Asiatic Journal, to shew the vast difference between West-Indian slavery, and that which still exists in some parts of Southern India. We abhor this unjust and baneful system in all its forms, and would urge every effort for its universal extinction; but still it has its harsher or milder features; and the reader of the following extract will see with how little reason the advocates for emancipation are charged with inconsistency in preferring the sugars of India to those of the West Indies, even were it true, which it is not, that slavery is generally prevalent in the former country, as it notoriously is, and in its worst form, in the latter. Indeed in Bengal, from which province alone sugar is brought, there is no slavery. "The Eastern slave is not an alien to the soil; his physical aspect does not expose him to his master's contempt; there is no slave mart, no slave dealer, no overseer or gang-master, no cart-whip, in the slave system of Southern India; above all, the slave and the master are subject to the same laws, for the Company's courts would make no distinction whatever between the Polian and the Brahmin, the Parian and the Nair. The evidence of one would be taken with as much readiness as that of the other; and the murder of a slave, instead of being punished, as was the case a few years since in some parts of the West, by a paltry fine, would be expiated in India only by death, whether the victim was bond or free. The Indian slave, moreover, has a share in the produce of his labour." The new Bishop of Calcutta, Dr. James, has united himself to the Bible Society and to the several Church Societies con. nected with India.-A revision of the statutes of Bishop's College has taken place, on the suggestion of the late Bishop Heber, by which societies as well as in dividuals are authorised to found scholars ships. The sum now fixed for each scholarship is 12,000 rupees, or about 12001. sterling; and if the nomination be reserved in perpetuity to the founders, 15,000 rupees, or 15001. sterling. At a late meeting of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta, a letter was read, giving an outline of the theocracy of the Bauddha system of Nepal. In other countries, following the Bauddha creed, it does not appear that there are any beings recognised as superior to Gautama and the other Buddhas, although they are avowedly of mortal origin and human nature. But in every country different innovations have been grafted on the primitive stem, and in none apparently has this been car ried farther than in Nepal. According to the information now communicated, the northern Buddhas acknowledge four sets of Divine beings or of superhuman objects of veneration. The first of these is, con trary to the generally supposed atheistical tendency of the faith, one primæval and unereated Deity. This first Buddha mani fested five of his attributes, as five secons dary Baddhas. From these five person fications five other Buddhas or Bodhi satwas were produced, by whom the active duties of creation were performed; and amongst the created beings occur the human Buddhas and Bodhi-satwas, of the first of whom there are seven principal, and the latter of whom are infinite; in cluding every person of exalted piety by which the individual may become a living Buddha, such as the Lama of Lassa is supposed to be. The Government Gazette, in reference to the schools belonging to the Ladies' So ciety for Native Female Education, remarks, that “ it appears, from the last Report of the Society, that they support thirty schools in Calcutta, containing the aggregate number of 600 children, who are taught reading and writing, and some of them needlework. This latter branch of female education, not the least useful, will, it is expected; be more extensively taught, when the children are more' gene. rally collected in the central school, which is in the course of construction, at Symlia, and the expense of which has been in great part provided for by the liberal donation of Raja Baidynath Rai of 20,000 rupees. The Society seems to have met with liberal support, whichwe trust will be continued, as, although the immediate good produced may be disproportionate to the cost, the zeal, and the talent bestowed upon these institutions, the result to be importantly beneficial needs only perseverance."no A correspondent in an Indian newspaper makes the following observations on the atmosphere of the Neelgherr Moun tains. "The great extent to which the sound of the voice is conveyed may be mentioned in proof of the extreme rarity of this atmosphere. I have heard the natives carry on conversations from one hill to another, and that apparently without any extraordinary effort. When liss tening to them I have often been reminded of those passages of Holy Writ, where it is recorded that Jotham addressed: the ungrateful men of Shechem from mount Gerizim (Judges ix. 7-20); that David cried from the top of an hill afar off" to Abner and to the people that lay about their master Saul (1.Sam. xxvi. 13); and that Abner addressed Joab from "the top of an hill." (2 Sam. ii. 25, &c.) In the dense atmosphere of England, and even in the purer air of the plains of India, it is not easy to imagine how a discourse could have been carried on at so great asdistance, and from such an eminence; but on the Neelgherries the portions of sacred history, to which I have referred, receive a striking illustration. It is wor thy of remark also, in proof of the rarity of the atmosphere, that the heavenly bodies appear with much greater brilliancy than when viewed from the plain. The planet Venus gives as much light as the moon in her quarters." CEYLON. The right of trial by jury has been enjoyed in Ceylon for more than sixteen years. Sir Alexander Johnston, who had the merit of introducing it there, addressed a letter about two years ago to the Board of Control, in which he states the practical effects which had resulted from the measure. We copy the follow ing attestation from his communication, on account of the interest which the subject has recently excited in reference to the propriety of the measures in progress for extending the trial by jury to every part of India. "The native jurymen being now judges of fact, and the European judges only judges of law, one European judge only is now necessary, where formerly two of sitting upon juries, an interest which they never felt before in upholding the British Government of Ceylon. The beneficial consequence of this feeling is strongly exemplified in the difference between the conduct which the native inhabitants of the British settlements on Ceylon observed in the Kandian war of 1803, and that which they observed in the Kandian war of 1816. As every native juryman, whatever his caste or religion may be or in whatever part of the country he may reside, appears before the supreme court once at least every two years, and as the judge who presides delivers a charge at the opening of each session to all the jurymen who are in attendance on the court; a useful opportunity is afforded to the natives of the country, by the introduction of trial by jury, not only of participating themselves in the administration of justice, but also of hearing any observations which the judges, in delivering their charge may think proper to make to them with respect to any subject which is connected either with the administration of justice, or with the state of society or morals in any part of the country. The difference between the conduct which was observed by all the proprietors of slaves on Ceylon, in 1806, which was before the introduction of trial by jury, and that which was observed by them in 1816, which was five years after the introduction of trial by jury, is a strong proof of the change which may be brought about in public opinion, by the judges availing themselves of the opportunity which their charging the jury on the first day of session affords them, of circulating amongst the natives of the country such opinions as may promote the welfare of any particular class of society. As the right of every proprietor of slaves to continue to hold slaves on Ceylon was guaranteed to him by the capitulation under which the Dutch possessions had been surrendered to the British arms in 1795, the British Government of Ceylon conceived that, however desirable the measure might be, they had not a right to abolish slavery on Ceylon by any legislative act. A proposition was however made on the part of Government by me to the proprietors of slaves in 1806, before trial by jury was introduced, urging them to adopt some plan of their own accord for the gradual abolition of slavery. This pro position they at that time unanimously rejected. The right of sitting upon juries was granted to the inhabitants of Ceylon : 3 B or three were necessary. The native jurymen, from knowing the different degrees of weight which may safely be given to the testimony of their countrymen, decide upon questions of fact with so much more promptitude than Europeans could do, that, since the introduction of trial by jury, no trial lasts above a day, and no session above a week or ten days at furthest; whereas before the introduction of trial by jury, a single trial used some times to last six weeks or two months, and a single session not unfrequently for three months. All the natives who at tend the courts as jurymen obtain so much information during their attendance, relative to the modes of proceeding and the rules of evidence, that, since the establishment of jury trial, Government have been enabled to find amongst the half-castes and native jurymen some of the most efficient and respectable native magistrates in the country, who, under the control of the Supreme Court, at little or no expense to Government, administer justice in inferior offences to the native inhabitants. The introduction of the trial by native juries, at the same time that it has increased the efficiency and dispatch of the courts, and has relieved both prisoners and witnesses from the hardships which they incurred from the protracted delay of the criminal sessions, has, independent of the savings it enabled the Ceylon Government to make immediately on its introduction, since afforded that government an opportunity of carrying into effect, in the judicial department of the island, a plan for a permanent saving of ten thousand pounds a year. As no man whose character for honesty or veracity is impeached can be enrolled on the list of jurymen, the circumstance of a man's name being upon the jury roll is a proof of his being a man of unexceptionable character. As the rolls of jurymen are revised by the Supreme Court at every session, they operate as a most powerful engine in making the people of the country more attentive than they used to be in their adherence to truth. The right of sitting upon juries has given the natives of Ceylon a value for character which they never felt before, and has raised in a very remarkable manner the standard of their moral feelings. All the natives of Ceylon who are enrolled as jurymen, conceive themselves to be as much a part, as the European judges themselves are, of the government of their country; and therefore feel, since they have possessed the right CHRIST. OBSERV. No. 306. in 1811. From that period I availed myself of the opportunities which were afforded to me, when I delivered my charge at the commencement of each session to the jurymen, most of whom were considerable proprietors of slaves, of informing them of what was doing in England upon the subject of the abolition of slavery, and of pointing out to them the difficulties which they themselves must frequently experience, in executing with impartiality their duties as jurymen, in all cases in which slaves were concerned ; a change of opinion upon the subject of slavery was gradually perceptible amongst them, and in the year 1816, the proprietors of slaves of all castes and religious persuasions in Ceylon, sent me their unanimous resolutions, to be publicly recorded in court, declaring free all children born of their slaves after the 12th of August 1816, which in the course of a very few years must put an end to the state of slavery which had subsisted on Ceylon for more than three centuries." The following authentic fact illustrates the benefits of the jury-system. After the introduction of juries into Ceylon, a wealthy Brahmin, whose unpopular character had rendered him obnoxious to many, was accused of murdering his nephew, and put upon trial. He chose a jury of his own caste; but so strong was the evidence against him, that twelve (out of thirteen) of the jury were thoroughly convinced of his guilt. The dissentient juror, a young Brahmin of Ramisseram, stood up, declared his persuasion that the prisoner was the victim of a conspiracy, and desired that all the witnesses might be recalled. He examined them with astonishing dexterity and acuteness, and succeeded in extorting from them such proofs of their perjury, that the jury, instead of consigning the accused to an ignominious death, pronounced him innocent. The affair made much noise in the island; and the Chief Justice (Sir A. Johnston himself) sent for the juror who had so distin. guished himself, and complimented him upon the talents he had displayed. The Brahmin attributed his skill to the study of a book, which he called "strengthener of the mind." He had procured it, he said, from some pilgrims at Ramisseram, who obtained it from Persia; and he had translated it from the Sanscrit, into which it had been rendered from the Persian. Sir A. Johnston expressing curiosity to see this work, the Brahmin brought him a Tamul MS. on palm leaves, which Sir Alexander found to be the Dialectics of Aristotle ! SAINT HELENA. The Governor and Council of St. Helena have published a letter received from the Court of Directors of the East-India Company, dated the 19th of December 1826, in which they remark: "A stop has happily been put to the perpetuity of slavery at St. Helena, by the noble resolutions which the proprietors of slaves there adopted in the year 1818; by which children born subsequently to that period were declared free. But although the eventual abolition of slaves has thus been secured, yet there are a considerahle number of persons who must continue in that degrading state during life; unless steps be taken for their manumission, and to whom the misery and degradation of slavery appear aggravated by the contrast between their condition and that of their free-born progeny. The interest which we feel in the speedy and entire abolition of slavery at St. Helena, is proportioned to our anxious desire for the welfare of the island, and for the happiness of all classes of its population, persuaded as we are that slavery presents the most serious of all obstacles to the prosperity of the community where it exists. It must be admitted that the subject is encompassed with difficulties. We think, however, that the communication through you to the slave proprietors, of our opinions and views, may have a salutary effect in reconciling conflicting parties—and in upholding and strengthening your efforts; and with this hope, we declare our deliberate conviction, that, so soon as a slave understands and appreciates the nature and blessing of freedom, that boon should, if possible, be conferred; and further, that it is the bounden duty of the Government to take all practicable steps, in the way of education and instruction, for fitting the slaves for the reception of so inestimable a privilege. If the schools already instituted do not present sufficient means for the education of adult slaves, the deficiency ought to be supplied; and we shall be ready to sanction any arrange ments which you may deem calculated to promote that object. "But we must express an equally decided opinion that the proprietors are justly entitled to the value of their slaves whenever they may be declared free. This point being provided for, the proprietors would have no cause of complaint; nor would they, we are persuaded, unneces sarily retard the emancipation of their slaves. The value of slaves should not be |