Oldalképek
PDF
ePub

Chron. | wanting in Samuel, as the sense is otherwise איש מדה חמש באמה וביד

defective-an Egyptian, a man whose stature
was five cubits high; and in the hand of the
a spear- certainly-like a
weaver's beam: since this is the usual com-

[blocks in formation]

Chron. | Egyptian was המצרי חנית כמנור ארגים וירד

.Sam המצרי חנית

Chron.

וירד

parison for the vast spear used by one of אליו בשבט ויגזל את החנית .Sam אליו בשבט ויגזל את החנית Chron. omission in the text of Samuel beyond מיד המצרי ויהרגהו בחניתו : .Sam מיד המצרי ויהרגהו בחניתו :

[blocks in formation]

these giants. And we find, the LXX read
here ως ξυλον διαβαθρας, which puts the

dispute. We have here another instance in
the LXX of the eye of the transcriber
having been misled by the same word oc-
curring in different places ; and of his
copying on from the last word, when he had
writ only the first: for the several words
inserted in Samuel in the small character
were omitted between δορυ and δορυ.

The English version is-And he slew an
Egyptian, a man (in Sam., of great aspect)
whose stature was five cubits high; and in
the hand of the Egyptian was a spear, like
a weaver's beam: but he went down to him
with a staf, and plucked the spear out of the
Egyptian's hand, and slew him with his own
spear.

Ged.-21 He, moreover, slew an eminent
Egyptian; and though the Egyptian had a
spear in his hand, he [Benaiah] went up to
him with a staff; and, pulling the spear out
of the Egyptian's hand, slew him with his
own spear. 22 Such deeds did Benaiah
Ben-Jehoiadah; and, hence, had a name
among the second three.
Booth. - 21 He,

[ocr errors]

moreover, slew an

in

Egyptian five cubits high: and though the איש מדה חמש באמה in Samuel and אשר מראה

Chronicles. The first word in Samuel must have been writ by a very careless transcriber instead of ; which latter word is placed in the margin of Samuel.

Egyptian had a spear in his hand, he went
down to him with a staff, and plucked the
spear out of the Egyptian's hand, and slew
him with his own spear. 22 These things
did Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada; and
hence had a name among the second three
worthies.

The next word is very similar in its letters, and therefore one may have been corrupted from the other. But, if we I consider the sense of each word, and ob- Houbigant.—21 Ille etiam percussit virum serve that is followed by two other Egyptium, hominem magnæ staturæ, qui words, which do not follow ; we may lanceam manu tenebat. Irruit in eum baculo, more rationally suppose, that both words &c. are original, each being proper in its present text; and that the three words in Chronicles Recte Masora mutat were at first intended as a paraphrase upon recte nihil mutat in the word in Samuel. For, a man of aspectabilis. Nam si erat ille vir ob progreat aspect, may very properly be explained ceritatem aspectabilis, melius id notat,

.23 .ut 1 Par. xi, איש מדה Lege :אשר מראה

N in N, non item
N, quasi esset vir

,proceritatem habet, מדה quia, מראה a man, whose stature quam, איש מרה חמש באמה by

was five cubits high. Josephus calls this non . Si ob pulchritudinem, ne id
Egyptian, Oavuaσтos тo μeyebos. Lib. vii., quidem dignum erat, quod narraretur. Nec
Banaiæ magna laus fuisset hominem pulchrum
The two words are evidently occidisse.

cap. 12.

687

Maurer.-21.] Masorethæ le- propriety so visible in the ancient versions gendum præcipiunt, vir spectabilis of this piece of history, and particularly of magnitudine, cf. 1 Chron. xi. 23: . this verse, has been principally owing to Receptam lectionem nuper defendit Hitzigius their several authors not attending to the Begriff, p. 122, ubi lectoribus optio datur, nature and subordination of these mighty

.men, as here explained ,אָשֶׁר מַרְאֶה an אָמַר מַרְאֶה utrum legere velint

It only remains to be observed, that in ita ut modus, quo Benaja Ægyptium interfecerit, accuratius describatur: ille peremit Samuel should be as in Chronicles: and hominem Ægyptium, recta, i. e., intrepide eum that the last word has been very differently "indem er gerade auf den interpreted, which interpretations have been aggressus, propr. Gegenstand seiner Blicke zuging." Negari owing to different readings of the word to have read non potest, verba hunc sensum admittere. in question. The LXX in Chronicles by Prov. ix. 6, notat recta incedere, pro- rendering it arрia, seem gredi. Præteritum qui legere voluerit, in-. Others, as Grotius observes, seem spiciat E. §. 478, qui infinitum, §. 489, 2 b. to have read on, by rendering it custodiam suam. There is no great impropriety Denique ad accusativum rei vel pers. quæ in the present reading both in Samuel and petitur quod attinet, cf. idem §. 525, b. Chronicles on, super auscultationem vel obedientiam suam, i. e. Benaihu was set over those, whose particular duty it was to

Ver. 23.

[ocr errors]

hear and obey the king's orders, by being לֹא־בָא וַיְשְׂמֵהוּ דָוִד אֶל־מִשְׁמַעְתּוֹ

[ocr errors]

ἐκ τῶν τριῶν ἔνδοξος, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς τρεῖς οὐκ ἦλθε· καὶ ἔταξεν αὐτὸν Δαυὶδ πρὸς τὰς ἀκοὰς αὐτοῦ· καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν δυνατῶν Δαυὶδ τοῦ βασιλέως.

Au. Ver.-23 He was more honourable than the thirty [or, honourable among the thirty]; but he attained not to the first three. And David set him over his guard [or, council; Heb., at his command, 1 Sam. xxii. 14].

nearer his royal person.

And we find this to have been exactly the case. For we read 1 Chron. xviii. 17, and 2 Sam. xx. 23, that this Benaihu was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites: and, from 2 Sam. xv. 18; xx. 6, 7; 1 Kings i. 33, 38, it appears, that the Cherethites and the Pelethites composed David's body-guard. Benaihu then, in being placed over these, was properly captain of David's life-guard; and therefore the words before mentioned Ken.-In Samuel the Alexandrian and must be rendered, over his guard. Thus Vatican copies of the LXX have τριων, as Josephus, Βαναία δε τω Ιωαδου την ΤΩΝ if he had been ; but in the Com- EQMATOØYAAKON APXHN Tapadidwσiv. plutensian the words are veρ TOUS Tρlaкovтa, Lib. vii., cap. 12. But these authorities seem which is the true translation of the Hebrew more strongly to recommend the word words and the true sense of the place. This owo. will appear from recollecting what has been already proved that Benaihu was one of the seven generals, who were more honourable than the thirty mighty men, being the second general of the second series.

,hearing 1 .(שָׁמַע .f. (r מִשְׁמַעַת.

audience, Ital. udienza, i. e., admission to the private hearing of a king. 1 Sam. xxii. 14,

The English version is, Behold! he was more honourable than the thirty, but he attained not unto the first three; and David set him over his guard. Gesen. The text then must have been, as we now have it both in Samuel and Chronicles, He was honourable (or honoured) above the thirty; or (as in Chronicles), Above the thirty (behold him!) he was honourable: but yet he attained not unto the first three. original words cannot properly signify pra because tribus honorabilis, is evident; Benaihu, in consequence of this title, must have been the first general of a ternary: whereas it is certain from the history, that he was only second in the second ternary.

pop, and hath access to thy private audience. 2 Sam. xxiii. 23; 1 Chron. xi. 25, and David took him into his private audience, And that the i. e., into his privy council.

It is plain, that the extraordinary want of

2. Obedience, for concr. obedient, subject, Is. xi. 14.

Ver. 24.

[ocr errors]

̓Ασαὴλ ἀδελφὸς 'Aσanλ àdeλpòs 'Iwáß τριάκοντα· Ελεανὸν υἱὸς φου αὐτοῦ ἐν Βηθλεέμ

ouros év Tois the word ' OUTOS Δουδι πατραδέλ

Au. Ver.-24 Asahel the brother of Joab was one of the thirty; Elhanan the son of

Dodo of Beth-lehem.

[blocks in formation]

Chron, και οι δυνατοι των δυναμεων, Ασαηλ,
Sam. Ασαηλ αδελφος Ιωαβ· ουτος εν τοις
Chron. αδελφος Ιωαβ.
Sam. τριακοντα.

Here is a considerable difference between the two texts; and the occasion of it seems to be this, that the author of the catalogue in Chronicles, not confining himself to the consideration of the exact number of these mighty men (which had before been expressly mentioned in Samuel) does not at all distinguish Asahel, as to his rank amongst the thirty-seven. But, though Asahel was more honourable than the thirty, yet nothing particular being recorded of him, more than of the following thirty (who are celebrated by their names only, and not by their exploits), the author of Chronicles barely sets him at the head of the following thirty.

The author of the catalogue in Samuel observes a different method. He, having been exact with regard to the rank and number of these famous heroes, tells us, that Asahel was over the thirty, whose number, as a body of the same order, had been so often mentioned; and therefore, that he (Asahel) was the last of the second three, of which his brother Abishai was the first. For it is impossible, that Asahel should be one of or among the thirty, because there follow thirty exclusively of him; and because Asahel must be the last of the second ternary, which otherwise is incomplete; consequently the preposition, prefixed in this verse to Do, thirty, must be here rendered over or above; as it has been already proved to signify, in the observations on the 21st verse of this chapter of Chronicles.

And there is this farther proof of its signifying pre-eminence (and not equality) in this place, that the Arabic version renders

by, princeps

triginta (fortium) triginta præfuit, or rather (according to the primary idea of this verb), triginta caput fuit: so that no word could more strongly express Asahel's superiority over the thirty, whose names (as the Arabic version adds) are these. Shamma, &c.

The English version in Chronicles isAlso the valiant men of the armies were Asahel, the brother of Joab: &c. and in Samuel, Asahel, the brother of Joab, was over the thirty.

1 Chron. xi. 26; 2 Sam. xxiii. 24.

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

This first hero, in the body of thirty, is expressed exactly the same in both the original texts; excepting, that the mem is dropped at the beginning of his local name in Samuel: just as the beth was before the same name in the 14th verse of this chapter of Samuel. How this worthy's name is properly distinguished from Eleazar, the son of Dodi, the Ahohite, has been already observed in page 134.

We have here another instance of the confusion and jumble of versions, which is now found in the LXX; for in Samuel the word 177, which had been rendered by one translator Δωδει, and πατραδέλφου αυτου by another, is here translated by both. Or, rather, those two translations are by some transcriber or editor injudiciously thrown together and of this there are, in the several editions of the LXX, many instances.

The English version is, Elhanan, the son of Dodo, of Bethlehem.

Ged.-24 The names of king David's other thirty worthies were [So Sept. and equivalently Arab. The present text, with Vulg. has, among the thirty was]:

ASAHEL, Joab's brother.

ELHANAN BEN-DODI, of Bethlehem.

Booth.-24 Asahel, the brother of Joab, was over the thirty, and one of the second three worthies. The names of David's thirty mighty men were [1 Chron. xi. 26], Elhanan, the son of Dodo, of Bethlehem.

Houb.-24 Erant etiam inter triginta

Asael, frater Joab; Elehanan, filius Dodo, from the LXX are taken from the Cod. de Bethlehem. Alex.

-de Beth, מבית לחם .26 .Par. xi 1 בית לחם

lehem, quod legendum, ut liquet.
Dathe.-24 Inter illos triginta fuerunt
Asahel, frater Joabi, Elhanan, Dodonis filius,
Bethlehemita.

T:

Ver. 25-39.

Au. Ver.-25 Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite,

26 Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,

27 Abiezer the Anethothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite,

28 Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite,

29 Heleb the son of Baanah, a Netophathite, Ittai the son of Ribai out of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin,

30 Benaiah the Pirathonite, Hiddai of the 29 brooks [or, valleys, Deut. i. 24] of Gaash, 31 Abi-albon the Arbathite, Azmaveth

[blocks in formation]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

36 צֶלֶק הָעַמּוֹנִי Beerothite, armour-bearer to Joab the son מִשְׂבָה בָּנִי הַגָּדִי: ,of Zeruiah נַחֲרֵי הַבְּאֵלֹתִי נְשָׂא כְּלֵי יוֹאָב בֶּן־

37 עִירָא הַיִתְרִי בָּרֵב צְרוּיָה : אוּרִיָה הַחִתִּי כָּל

[ocr errors]
[blocks in formation]

39

34 Eliphelet the son of Ahasbai, the son of the Maachathite, Eliam the son of

35 Hezrai the Carmelite, Paarai the Arbite, 36 Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite,

37 Zelek the Ammonite, Nahari the

38 Ira an Ithrite, Gareb an Ithrite,
39 Uriah the Hittite: thirty and seven in

Ken.

1 Chron. xi. 27; 2 Sam. xxiii. 25.

.Chron שמות ההרורי

.Sam שמה החרדי

Chron. Sauod east,

Sam. Sauuat o Apovatos

25 Salud & Povatos 26 2eans & KeAoet: "Ipas vios Ioka & Bekotes 27 A3ζερ ὁ ̓Ανωθίτης, ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ ̓Ανωθίτου· 28 Ελλὼν ὁ ̓Αωΐτης: Νοερὲ ὁ Νετωφατίτης· 29 'Ereat vios Pasa de Tapade vios Bevuauty That this mighty man, the second in the rot Eppalatov 31 'Acuod 6 Bapitauirms | body of thirty, cannot be the same with 32 'Euacov & Saladoviens viot Acdv, 'Iovd- Shammah the Hararite, the third general of dav 33 Sauvan Apostons 'Auvav vios Apat the first series of three, we may conclude at 2apaountrys 34 Attaled vios row AoBirov, once. But that he is the same with Shamhoth

mentioned in 1 Chron. xxvii. 8, as (שמהות) | vtos row Maxaxaxt 'Eauas vios Axurea Tov

Γελωνίτου· 35 Agapat d Kapulcos Tot being the fifth captain in waiting on the Otpatoepyt. 36 Tial vids Nadavd IIoav- | king, seems very evident; because four of Sunautos vids Talaa88t: 37 'Eaue & Auua- the twelve captains in waiting, who are menpiens 30 Aspot are reunippon 31 Tada- tioned presently after Shamhoth there, are Burma vios Tov Apasolatov Telope & Bneo- mentioned presently after Shamkoth here, patos dipov ra oneum Iods vios Sapovias To which it must be added, that the several 38 Ipas d'Edupatos Typad 6 'Edevatos | copies of the LXX agree in rendering the 39 Ouptas & Xerratos of Traves fpudkovra kat name in Chronicles Sauod; but do not agree to read Ɛappaι in Samuel, since the Ald. Copy reads Eeuw there.

[ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small]

One of these names then being now im- xxvii. 10; where this same worthy is recorded properly expressed in the original text, we as the seventh captain in waiting on the king; may conclude, that the name Shammah and there both his names are expressed in Samuel is corrupted from either literally the same, as here in Chronicles. Shammoth or Shamhoth; if from the The teth therefore, like many other compliformer, by a change of the two similar letters cated letters, is here in Samuel corruptly and from ; if from the latter, made up of the original vau and nun, of 11, by an omission of the last, or two last letters

. שמהות or שמהת from שמה

That a letter, thus compounded of two or more strokes, may be mistaken for two As this worthy is thus distinguished from letters whose strokes coincide with the Shammah (one of the first seven) by the strokes of the letter so compounded, is easy different termination of his proper name, to imagine. And, that such a complicated Shamhoth; so of the different local or family letter has been elsewhere so mistaken for names now found in Chronicles and Samuel, two more simple letters, see page 19th of it may be proper to prefer that, which farther this Dissertation, in the words and 17. distinguishes this man from the former. The former then being Shammah the Hararite, this will be Shamhoth the Harodite; the last name being taken exactly as it is in Samuel. A farther reason for preferring the name of Harodite is, that the worthy, mentioned immediately after Shammoth, is also an Harodite; and two heroes of the same place or family are frequently mentioned together in the following parts of this catalogue.

And that Shamhoth was an Hurodite, as in Samuel; and not an Hararite, or (more strictly) Arorite, as in Chronicles; appears yet more evidently from the Alexand. copy of the LXX; which makes the termination of the word in Chronicles the very same as in Samuel, di, Oadı; the Ald. copy, dɩ, Addı; and the ancient Cambridge Greek MS. retains also, di, Adi. To all which we may add lastly, that not only the Bomberg. and Complutensian editions agree in reading this name in Samuel; but that the English Polyglott has the very same termination (7) also in Chronicles. This different termination then, together with the difference of a in this name of Harodite, instead of an in Hararite, or Arorite, sufficiently distinguish the one from the other.

See also 1 Sam. xvii. 32; where is by the LXX rendered κupιos μov, and was therefore read by them "; which, perhaps, was the true reading. And there is a remarkable instance of this change, in two words succeeding each other; or rather, in the same proper name repeated (or intended to be repeated) in Ruth iv. 20, 21, And Amminadab begat Nahshon, and Nahshon begat Salmah, and pro Salmon begat Boaz, &c.

The English version is, Heletz, the Pelonite.

So Ged., Booth.
Ken.-

1 Chron. xi. 29; 2 Sam. xxiii. 27.

.Chron סבכי החשתי

.Sam מבני החשתי :

Chron. και Σοββοχαι ο Ασωθι,

Sam. εκ των υιών του Ασωθειτου. Here is a very considerable difference between the two expressions of this proper name, in the English version, and a still greater in some of the ancient versions. the English this hero is called Mebunnai in Samuel, and in Chronicles Sibbecai. The English translators here express the two

In

The English version is, Shamhoth, the words, exactly according to the Masoretical Harodite.

1 Chron. xi. 27; 2 Sam. xxiii. 26.

.Chron חלץ הפלוני :
.Sam חלץ הפלטי

Chron. Χελλης ο Φαλλωνι,

Sam. Ελλης ο Φελλώνει

That the local or family name of Heletz was Pelonite, as in Chronicles, and not Pallite, as in Samuel, is easily inferred from the LXX; but it is certain from 1 Chron.

pointing; but the name is evidently corrupted in Samuel by a mistake of two very similar letters for D. For, there being no such Biblical name elsewhere as Me|bunnai, the LXX, in the Alexand. and Vat. copies, do not acknowledge it for a proper name here; but render it ex Twv vwv, which makes no sense, and therefore cannot be admitted; and besides it occasions a deficiency of a proper name.

The Ald. Edition of the LXX reads Eaßovxaι also in Samuel; which alone is a

« ElőzőTovább »