passage, but are probably wrong again in the translation of by slain instead of soldiers; since the true translation seems to be, As Babylon hath caused THE SOLDIERS of Israel to fall; so at Babylon shall fall THE SOLDIERS (not, of all the earth, but) of all that country. ous ETAZATE ev peow vμwv is so obvious, It is true the Vatican edition of the LXX, instead of eraέare, has eñатaέEт€; but then it must be observed, that this very common verb D is never rendered by Taraσow in any other place, but it is forty times rendered In Ezekiel xi. 6, 7, we read □ □ by TaTT, as we now have it in the Alex -andrian copy of this place. Nor is it else בעיר הזאת ומלאתים הוצתיה חלל לכן כה אמר אדני יהוה where rendered by any verb of a similar | . חלליכם אשר שמתם בתוכה המה הבשר והיא הסיר These words are delivered to men, who gave signification with Taraσow; but generally , החשבים און These are the men There is another instance in this prophet, 27, which words are literally, upon the oi λovičoμevoi paraia, who contrive vanity (since all their defence shall be in vain) and counsel evil counsel in this city, &c., therefore prophesy against them and say-ver. 5 I know the imaginations of your hearts. 6 Ye have multiplied your SOLDIERS in this city, and with SOLDIERS ye have filled the streets thereof. 7 Therefore thus saith the Lord, THE SOLDIERS, whom ye have placed in the midst of you, shall be flesh, and this city the caldron. 8 Ye have feared the sword, and I will bring the sword upon you. This interpretation of the word in these three places seems to make this passage speak good sense itself, and perfectly to agree with the context; neither of which can easily be allowed it, while it is rendered, Ye have multiplied SLAIN MEN in this city, and filled the streets with SLAIN MEN; therefore your SLAIN MEN, whom ye have placed in the midst of you, &c. as in the I shall refer only to one chapter more, the first chapter of the second Book of Samuel [see notes on 2 Sam. i., p. 494]. It may be worth while to consider version of the LXX, Επληθύνατε νεκρους υμων εν τη πολει ταύτη, και ενεπλήσατε τας όδους αυτης τραυματιών. Aia TOUTO Tade λεγει Αδωναι Κυριος" τους νεκρους υμων, ους If then the noun so frequently sigeтagate ev μeσw avтns, &c. We see here, nifies a soldier, it will readily be admitted that is translated first by Veкpovs then that Jashobeam lift up his spear against 300 by трavμation, and then again by veкpos, a soldiers at one time. This was a very extraplain proof, that the translators did not well ordinary display of courage, and worthy of know how to reconcile the word to the sense one of David's chief captains. We can of the context; and indeed it seems im- hardly believe, that so brave a man would possible, that either the word NEKPOYE or lift up his spear against 300 men, that were TPAYMATIAƐ should be applied to ETAE- either dead or wounded; or, that he could ATE with any propriety in this place: kill so prodigious a number by himself, with whereas the propriety of ETPATIOTAΣ vuov, his own single spear: but we may reason Besides, if both could be supposed to have achieved such an exploit, certainly both would have deserved an equal reward and ably believe, that, when surrounded or ren-number, and each the very same number to a dered desperate, he might fight his way man as the other? But this appears entirely through a body of 300 soldiers, or defend a rational, upon the preceding interpretation. narrow pass against a body of that number. What the divisions in armies then were, is not much known at present; but we read (1 Sam. xxix. 2) the lords of the Philistines the same rank in military honour. But we passed on (to battle) by hundreds and by are told, that Abishai attained not unto the thousands. And as the Philistine army was first three: yet how could he be less hothus divided, probably a company of theirs nourable than Jashobeam, when he had done consisted of an hundred men; and if three the same marvellous exploit, or rather, how companies formed a regiment, that regiment could he be less honourable than the two would consequently consist of three hundred captains that were inferior to Jashobeam, men, which is exactly the number en- since no action of theirs can be conceived to countered by Jashobeam. It seems ex- have been greater. Whereas, if Jashobeam tremely probable, that three hundred might and Abishai fought their way through, or be one constant division in the army of encountered, a whole regiment of the Phithe Israelites, in honourable remembrance of listines; that was eminently to the honour Gideon's troop of three hundred, which beat of both; and deservedly raised Abishai to the Midianites; which troop God himself the head of the second series, though he had thought proper to fix at three hundred, which not attained to the honour of Jashobeam, were a small body selected out of thirty-two who had also distinguished himself gloriously thousand, the number of men in Gideon's on other occasions. whole army. And if this were a division 8 The last observation on these two very amongst the Israelites, the Philistines might difficult verses is, that in Samuel copy their example in this instance. But should be as in Chronicles [so Keri], whether this division obtained amongst the &c. It may be remarked here, that we have Israelites, or not; that it obtained amongst in this verse of Chronicles one example of the Philistines seems highly probable from that jumble of versions, which makes up this history of Jashobeam. And a farther some part of the present edition of the confirmation of this opinion may be drawn LXX. The phrase D had in this from the 18th verse of this chapter in verse been rendered anaέ by one translator, Samuel and the 20th in Chronicles; where and ev kaipo ev by another (for we cannot we read, that Abishai also, at another time, suppose the same person would translate the lifted up his spear against the same number phrase two different ways, and place one three hundred: and he was rewarded for version of it in the middle and the other at this act of heroism by being placed at the the end of the verse); and the conclusion of head of the second series of generals, as this verse in the original version of the Jashobeam had been made head of the first. LXX having been lost, it is repaired by part Wherefore, as both the places relating to of two different versions; one of which Abishai make the enemy three hundred, and read anaέ, and the other ev kaɩpw ev: and as that in Chronicles relating to Jashobeam so both renderings continue in the same has also three hundred; we need not scruple verse, even to this day, Ovros εσπаσαто την to reduce the eight hundred in the corrupted ρομφαίαν αυτου ΑΠΑΞ επι τριακοσίους τραυ passage to the same number; which will ματιας ΕΝ ΚΑΙΡΩ ΕΝΙ. See another such leave room enough for applauding the hero, jumble of versions in the LXX, 2 Sam. i. 23. and will render the passages consistent, as they must originally have been. Not to add, that it will greatly abate the marvellous, which is carried very high upon the common acceptation of Jashobeam's slaying three hundred men by his own single spear. But then what shall we say to that increase of the Dr. A. Clarke.-8 These be the names of marvellous, which arises from Abishai's slay- the mighty men.] This chapter should be ing 300 men by his single spear-that these collated with the parallel place, 1 Chron, xi. ; two men should each slay so prodigious a and see Kennicott's First Dissertation The English version of Chronicles is, And this is the number (in Samuel, These are the names) of the mighty men, whom David had : Jashobeam the Hachmonite, chief of three; he lifted up his spear against three hundred soldiers at one time. The Tachmonite that sat in the seat.] Literally and properly, Jashobeam [so Houb., Hallet, Ken., Dathe, Booth.] the Hachmonite [Houb., Dathe, Filius Hachmoni]. See 1 Chron. xi. 11. The same was Adino the Eznite.] This is a corruption for he lift up his spear [so Houb., Hallet, Ken., Dathe, Ged., Booth.]. See 1 Chron. xi. 11. ,הוּא יְעַדְּנוֹ הָעֶצְנוֹ ing is here corrupted for he brandished it, his spear, with suff. pleonast. for the sake of paronomasia with ; comp. Ez. x. 3; 1 Sam. xxi. 14. Maurer.-] "Sedens in consessu Eight hundred, whom he slew at one time.] honoris nomen esse videtur, Grossmeister THREE hundred is the reading in Chronicles, Germani, Chairman Angli dicunt." Schulz. and seems to be the true one [so Houb., Aliis est N. pr. cf. 1 parall. 1 Chron. xi. 11, Ken., Booth.]. The word ", which we ubi legitur, præfectus tritranslate slain, should probably be translated ariorum, qui quales fuerint et unde nomen soldiers, as in the Septuagint oтpаTiwτas acceperint, non constat. est terminatio he withstood three hundred SOLDIERS at one adjectivi. Cf. E. Gr. crit., p. 296. TY T time. See the note on David's lamentation', ad ipsum quod attinet, over Saul and Jonathan, chap. i., and Kennicott's First Dissertation, p. 101. percussio ejus ii. malleo mucronato Dr. Kennicott observes: "This one verse con- percussit), hasta ejus tains three great corruptions in the Hebrew ejus fuit in octingentos cet. text: 1. The proper name of the hero ruptus esse videtur. Jashobeam is turned into two common xi. 11 habet 'n = percussio hastæ Sed locus cor Locus parall. 1 Chron. inang ni am, quod words, rendered, that sat in the seat. 2. The manifesto depromtum est ex 2 Sam. xxiii. 18. are turned into two proper names wholly Adino the Eznite; it being nearly as absurd Ver. 9-12. הוא עורר את חניתו ,words he lift up his spear וְאַחֲרָוּ אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן־וּדִי בֶּן־אֲחֹתִי he eas,הוא עדינו העצני :inadmissible here David the Beth-lehemite was the same with 10 as in 1 Chron. xi. 11." Ged.-8 Now these are the names of the 9 בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה גִּבֹּרִים עִם־דָּוִד בְּחָרְפָם to say that Jashobeam the Hachmonite was בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים נֶאֶסְפוּ שָׁם לַמִּלְחָמָה וַיַּעֲלוּ the same with Adino the Eznite, as that אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל : בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים עַד וּ כִּי־יָגְעָה יָדוֹ וַתִּדְבַּק ,hundred was probably at first three hundred יָדוֹ אֶל־הַחֶרֶב וַיַּעַשׂ יְהוָה תְּשׁוּעָה גְדוֹלָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא וְהָעָם יָשָׁבוּ אַחֲרָיי -worthies, who belonged to David: Joshet 11 וְאַחֲרָוֹ שַׁמָּה בֶן־אָבֵא beshebeth, an Hachmonite, was the chief of אךְ לְפַשֵׁט : הָרָרִי וַיֵּאָסְפוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים לַחַיָּה וַתְּהִי־ -the first three. He, at one time brandish הַשָּׂדֶה מְלֵאָה עֲדָשִׁים שָׁם חֶלְקַת וְהָעָם נָס מִפְּנֵי פְלִשְׁתִּים: 12 וַיִּתְיַצֵב Booth. These are the names of the hebop-aine ing his spear, broke through eight hundred men. worthies who belonged to David: Jasho בְּתוֹךְ הַחֶלְקָה וַיַּצִילֶהָ וַיַּךְ אֶתי beam, the Hachmonite, was chief of the פְּלִשְׁתִּים וַיַּעַשׂ יְהוָה תְּשׁוּעָה גְדוֹלָה : | first three. He, at one time, raising his .9 .v ואחריו ק' הגבוריס ק' דורך קרי .11 .v ואחריו קרי spear, penetrated through three hundred men. Gesen.- adj. (r. 1) delicate, effeminate, voluptuous, Is. xlvii. 8. Very difficult and perhaps corrupted is the passage in 2 Sam. xxiii. 8 N Cheth. for which the author of Chronicles gives in 1 Chron. xi. 11 απασης την, he lifted up his spear. Simonis renders in 2 Sam. 1. c. percussio ejus hasta sua (fuit) in octingentos, VOL. II. πρὸς τὴν μάχαιραν καὶ ἐποίησε Κύριος σωτηρίαν μεγάλην ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ· καὶ ὁ λαὸς ἐκάθητο ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ πλὴν ἐκδιδύσκειν. 11 καὶ μετ' αὐτὸν Σαμαΐα υἱὸς ̓́Ασα ὁ ̓Αρουχαῖος καὶ συνήχθησαν οἱ ἀλλόφυλοι εἰς Θηρία· καὶ ἦν ἐκεῖ μερὶς τοῦ ἀγροῦ πλήρης φακοῦ· καὶ ὁ λαὸς ἔφυγεν ἐκ προσώπου ἀλλοφύλων. 12 kai ἐστηλώθη ἐν μέσῳ τῆς μερίδος, καὶ ἐξείλατο αὐτὴν, καὶ ἐπάταξε τοὺς ἀλλοφύλους· καὶ ἐποίησε Κύριος σωτηρίαν μεγάλην. Au. Ver.-9 And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines that were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were gone away: 11 Full of lentiles, or barley, as it is 1 Chron. xi. 13; for both might very well grow in the same field, in divers part of it [so Patrick]. And this fact is ascribed to Eleazar, 1 Chron. xi. 12, but so as it is implied that he had some partner or partners in it; for it is there said, ver. 14, They set themselves, &c. So Eleazar might stand and fight in that part where the barley was, and Shammah there where the lentiles were. Bp. Patrick.-11 Into a troop.] Or, as we translate it in the margin, "for forage." For so Ralbag interprets the Hebrew word chajja (which Kimchi takes to be a city), that they came to get some sustenance out of the field. 10 He arose, and smote the Philistines Hallet. The present expression in the until his hand was weary, and his hand Hebrew is very strange and difficult clave unto the sword: and the LORD. This expression has greatly perplexed wrought a great victory that day; and the people returned after him only to spoil. 11 And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop [or, for foraging], where was a piece of ground full of lentiles and the people fled from the all the translators. The Vulgar Latin renders it, They were gathered together in a station. The Alexandrian and Vatican copies of the Greek version render it, They were gathered together at Theria [i.e., wild beasts], because signifies a wild beast: the Complutensian copy has it, at Siagon, Philistines. i.e., a jaw, which in Hebrew is called. 12 But he stood in the midst of the The Chaldee takes it to be a proper name of ground, and defended it, and slew the Phi-a place, Hajah. The Syriac renders it, to listines and the LORD wrought a great catch beasts: the Arabic renders it, with victory. an addition, to steal the cattle of the children Pool.-9 When they defied the Philistines of Israel: some render it, they gathered [so Patrick]; when he either in the name together in a farm, or in the country, in of all the Israelites, or with the countenance villam: Le Clerc renders it, contra villam, and help of some of them, challenged the against the village: others, at a certain Philistines to fight. Or, when some of, or place. All this insuperable difficulty will be among, the Philistines defied them, i. e., the avoided, if we suppose, that there is an error Israelites, according to their manner, and of the transcribers, and that instead of, the example of their great Goliath, 1 Sam. we should read, as in the parallel place, xvii. 25, 36. Or in Horpam (for some makeonho, to war; which reading is the most it a proper name of a place) among the Phi- natural, and what one would have expected listines. Gone away, i. e., fled away, 1 Chron. xi. 13, being dismayed at the approach of their enemies. Heb., ascended, i.e., vanished away like smoke, which ascends, and so disappears, as that verb is oft used. He arose, i. e., he undertook the work, as that word sometimes is used. Or, he stood (as it sometimes signifies) when the rest fled. His hand clave unto the sword; or thus, yet did his hand cleave to his sword, i.e., though he was weary, he did not desist, but continued fighting. Only to spoil, i. e., to pursue the enemy, whom he had discomfited, and to take their spoil. the historian should have written. I make the less scruple of venturing to propose this emendation of the text, notwithstanding that all the ancient versions agree with the present reading of the Hebrew, because it evidently appears, from comparing the two places we are now considering, that there were errors in both, older than all the versions of them that are now known in the world. The omission now mentioned [see note of Ken. below] in Chron. is older than all the versions of that book: for all those versions have omitted the same long passage. And though the transcribers of Sam. have well preserved that passage, yet they have Chron. .Sam ההוא והעם ישבו אחריו אך may be corrected by the parallel place in Chron. been guilty of some little mistakes, in which all the versions have followed them, which Chronicles. A comparison of the places. will show that the expressions should be the same in both. i.e., living, as neut. living thing. Hence 1. An animal, beast. 2. Collect. pp. men, troop, 2 Sam. xxiii. 11, 13. Poet. a בן 11 ואחרו שמה .Sam לפשט : Chron. ,חַי .f. pp. fem. of the adj חַיָּה-.Gesen ויאספו פלשתים הררי .Sam אגא חלקת השדה ותהי Chron. .Sam לחיה ותהי שם חלקת השדה | the living ; hence a band of .Chron מלאה שעורים והעם נסו מפני ,19 .people, Ps. lxviii. 11; and so Ps. lxxiv .Sam מלאה עדשים והעם נס מפני deliver not over to the ,אַל־תִּתֵּן לְחַיַּת נָפֶשׁ תּוֹרֶךְ .Chron פלשתים : 14 ויתיצבו בתוך .Sam פלשתים : 12 ויתיצב בתוך .Chron החלקה ויצילוה ויכו .Sam החלקה ויצילה את bloody-minded troop thy turtle-dove, where signifies a desire of slaughter and vengeance; see No. 3. * Ges. Thes.—2) Agmen hominum (pr. viva collect. pro vivis, vivi, homines). , הַיַּת פְּלִשְׁתִּים :13 .Sam. xxiii 2 ייד .Chron פלשתים ויושע יהוה תשועה -agmen Philisteorum, pro quo in loco paral .Sam פלשתים ויעש יהוה תשועה :11 .Comm .מַחֲנֵה פְלִשְׁתִּים : 15 .lelo 1 Par. xi -et congregaverunt se Phi ,וַיֵּאָסְפוּ פְלִשְׁתֶּם לַחַיָּה .Chron גדולה : .Sam גדולה : listai in agmen, &c. Prof. Lee. (b) Tribe, company, &c. 1 Chron. xi. 12–14; and 2 Sam. xxiii. 9-12. | Sam. Εν TOts ην εν TOIS τρισι δυνατοις. τρισι δυνατοις Chron. 13 Ovros puera david ey bago8oμετα Δαυίδ, εν τω ονειδικαι ol αλλόφυλοι συνηχSam. σαι αυτόν εν τοις αλλοφύλοις, συνηχChron. Onoav eket eus Toleuov, Chron. εις πολεμον, και ave Sam. Bnoey avp Iopan. 10 Αυτος דודו אלעזר בן Chron. Chron. בשלשה גברים עם דויד .Sam בן אחחי היה .Chron 13 הוא .Chron. Chron בפס דמים והפלשתים נאספו בפלשתים נאספו למלחמה .Chron. |Sam שם איש למלחמה ויעלו .Sam שם עם דוד בחרפס Sam. Sam. Chron. Sam. Aous, cos ou Korage 1 Xelp aUTOU και προσεκολληθη η χειρ αυτου προς Chron. קם ויך 10 הוא .Sam ישראל : . F. E Chron. .Sam בפלשתים עד כי יגעה ידו σωτηρίαν μεγάλην εν τη ημέρα εκεινη Sam. και ο λαος εκάθητο οπισω αυτού πλην Sam. exitduoxet, 11 Kat per auToy Sau Chron. |