And we will hang them. ea Syrum et Arabem. Non displicere conGed. That we may hang them up, &c. jecturam Hubigantii, legentis The Hebrew is of a dubious meaning; and Fortasse aculeus inest isto titulo. may signify suspension or luxation of any kind. Jerom renders the word crucified. Ver. 8. In Gibeah of Saul, whom the Lord did den ben mpa choose. Ged. On the LORD's hill at Gibea-ofSaul. בַת־אַיָּה אֲשֶׁר יָלְדָה לְשָׁאוּל אֶת־ אַרְמֹנִי וְאֶת־מְפַבְשֶׁת וְאֶת־חֲמֵשֶׁת בְּלִי A conjectural emendation; but מִיכַל בַּת־שָׁאוּל אֲשֶׁר יָלְדָה לְעַדְרִיאֵל .founded in analogy, and confirmed by p. p. v בֶּן־בַּרְזִלַי הַמִּחְלָתִי: Booth.-6 Let seven of his sons be delivered to us, that we may hang them up before Jehovah in Gibeah-of-Saul. The chosen of Jehovah.] These words are wanting in the Syr. and Arab. and it is not probable, that the Gibeonites would honour Saul, their cruel enemy, with this title. T καὶ ἔλαβεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τοὺς δύο υἱοὺς Ρεσφὰ θυγατρὸς Αϊᾶ, οὓς ἔτεκε τῷ Σαούλ, τὸν Ἑρμωvot καὶ τὸν Μεμφιβοσθὲ, καὶ τοὺς πέντε υἱοὺς τῆς Μιχάλ θυγατρὸς Σαούλ οὓς ἔτεκε τῳ Εσδριὴλ υἱῷ Βερζελλὶ τῷ Μωουλαθί. Houb.-6, Detur. Delendum punc- Au. Ver.-8 But the king took the two tum majus, quod antecedit. Nam ", de sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom filiis ejus, pertinet ad, ille homo, quod she bare unto Saul, Armoni and Mephinomen antecessit versu 5. Masora respuit bosheth; and the five sons of Michal [or, , quod tamen non inusitatum; vult, Michal's sister], the daughter of Saul, whom quod idem est. Unus Codex Orat., in she brought up for Adriel [Heb., bare to Hophal, detur, etiam recte. ..., Adriel] the son of Barzillai the Meholathite. Saül electus Domini. Vidit Vulgatus, parum Pool.-The five sons of Michal, or, of consentaneum esse, ut Gabaonitæ, quo Michal's sister, to wit, Merab; for Michal tempore filios Saulis ad necem postulant, had no children, 2 Sam. vi. 23, nor was she Saülem dicant esse electum Domini. Itaque married to this Adriel, but to Phalti, or vertit, quondam electi Domini. Similiter Phaltiel, the son of Luish, 1 Sam. xxv. 44; nos, quem Dominus elegerat. Quidam 2 Sam. iii. 15; and Merab her sister was volunt, ut legatur, in monte Domini, married to this very Adriel the Meholathite, quod stare non potest cum eo, quod ante- 1 Sam. xviii. 19. And it must be rememcessit. Nam collis Saülis non erat idem, bered, that the Hebrew language is very atque mons Domini. Forsan legebatur olim short, and full of ellipses or defects of Dathe.-Hæc verba , juxta verbum Domini. Nam, cum words, which yet may be easily understood David Gabaonitas sic interroget, quid faciam from the sense. Particularly relative words vobis, videtur Deum jussisse, eo sanguine are oft lacking, and to be supplied; as expiari Saulis scelus, quem sanguinem Goliath is put for Goliath's brother, here, Gabaonitæ postulaturi essent. Aliter David ver. 19, and uncle for uncle's son, Jer. Deum unum consuluisset, nec ivisset ad xxxii. 7, 12. Or, the sons of Merab are Gabaonitas, ut quidquid vellent, eis con- called the sons of Michal, to wit, by adopcederet. tion; or, the near kindred and next heirs of merito sus- Michal, and brought up by her; for upon pecta sunt, quod parum probabile est, Gi- that and such-like accounts the title of son beonitas Saulum, cui adeo infesti erant, hoc is oft given in Scripture, as Gen. xlviii. 5; honoris titulo condecorasse. Omittunt ea Exod. ii. 10; Deut. xxv. 5, 6; Ruth Syrus et Arabs. Vulgatus addit: quondam, i. 11, 12; iv. 17. Quest. But why then are quoniam intelligebat, quam inepta essent. not these called the sons of Merab? Answ. Non displicet conjectura Hubigantii, legi posse: Poterant enim Gibeonitæ certiores esse facti de responso divino, quod David acceperat. Because they were better known by their relation to Michal, who was David's wife, and, it may be, alive at this time, and having no children of her own, took these, and bred them up as her own; when Merab was now a more obscure person, and possibly dead many years before this. Whom she brought up; for so this Hebrew verb, which primarily 4 N and proparly signifies to bear, is sometimes the Hebrew text, but what in their opinion used, as Gen. L. 23; Ruth iv. 17, because ought to be there; yet at other times, the education of children is a kind of bearing of them, as requiring frequently no less care and pains than the bearing doth; whence it is that nurses are reputed as mothers, and sometimes go under that name both in sacred and profane writers. See Ruth iv. 16, 17; and compare Gen. xvi. 2; Xxx. 3; Numb. xi. 12; Gal. iv. 19. Bp. Patrick.-Whom she brought up.] In the Hebrew," whom she bare," i. e., which were born: according to an usual manner of speaking among the Hebrews; of which see Dr. Hammond upon Luke xvi. note b. rather than admit a corruption, they have offered violence to the sense of the plainest words: as in this instance, by rendering the same verb, in the very same connexion, very differently and without authority. But the corruption is obvious. For it is clear from 2 Sam. vi. 23, that Michal, Saul's daughter, had no child. And it is clear from 1 Sam. xviii. 19, that Adriel's wife was Merab. It is therefore for the honour of two Heb. MSS. to have preserved here the name Merab, undoubtedly the true reading. rectione scribæ, qui errorem observabat. Nam hoc quoque mendum est antiquissimum et in verss. antiquis deprehenditur. Habent illud of ó et Vulgatus; Syrus vero habet aliud nomen Dathe. In textu quidem legitur Michal. For Adriel.] It is plain from hence, that Sed permutatio nominum Michal et Merab by was born is meant, as we translate it, was tam manifesta est, ut non nisi fidiculis adbrought up. For Michal was not the wife of hibitis cum aliis locis possit conciliari. Adriel, but was given to Phaltiel (1 Sam. Primo cap. vi. 23 narratur, Michalam per xxv. 44). Merab her eldest sister being omnem vitam suam prolem non habuisse. married to Adriel (1 Sam. xviii. 19), by Deinde non Michala, sed Meraba matriwhom she had these five sons, whom Michal monio juncta fuit Adrieli, 1 Sam. xviii. 19; brought up, and therefore they are called Michala vero durante exsilio Davidis nupta her children. Thus the Jews say, in the fuerat Palthieli, 1 Sam. xxv. 44; 2 Sam. Gemara Sanhedrin, cap. 2, "Merab brought iii. 15. Duo codd. Kennicotti 250 et 198 them forth, and Michal educated them." habent, sed sine dubio tantum ex corAnd the like we read (as they allege for the proof of this) Gen. xxx. 3; L. 23 (see Selden, De Uxore Hebr., lib. i., cap. 6). Kimchi also here alleges the words of the women in Ruth iv. 17. "There is a son born to Naomi ;" who was not the mother of it, but only laid it in her bosom, and became nurse to it, as is said in the precedent verse. Thus also Rasi, Ralbag, and a great many other Jews, following the Chaldee phrase. And we have an example of this in the heathen writers. For Agamemnon and Menelaus are called sons of Atreus, because their father being dead, he took care to bring them up. So Eustathius on the second book of the Iliads: Plisthenes (who was their father) being dead, the youths being bred up by Atreus, avrov Taîdes ékλýOnσav, "they were called his children." para Grotius, Le Clerc, Houb., Dathe, Horsley, Ken., Ged., Booth.-The five sons of Merab the daughter of Saul whom she had borne [or, bare] to Adriel, &c. Nodoba, quod for tasse ex, litteris non valde dissimilibus, ortum est; nam Saulum filiam nomine Nodobam habuisse, nullibi legitur. Chaldæus contradictionem sic conciliare studuit: quinque filios Merabæ, quos educaverat Michal, filia Sauli, quos peperat Adrieli, etc. legendum מִיכַל Pro [מִיכַל בַּת־שָׁאוּל-.Maurer esse 1, jam Grotius, Clericus aliique conjecerunt, et nuper existimavit Hitzigius Begriff, p. 145 sq., collatis inter se locis 1 Sam. xviii. 19; xxv. 44; 2 Sam. iii. 14, 15; vi. 23. Perantiquum esse mendum, et fortasse ab ipso scriptore profectum, patet ex eo, quod jam apud LXX et Vulg. deprehenditur. Ver. 9. Ken.-The king took the two sons of Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah, whom she bore Au. Ver.-9 And he delivered them into () unto Saul, and the five sons of Michal the hands of the Gibeonites, and they hanged the daughter of Saul, whom she brought up them in the hill before the LORD: and they () for Adriel the son of Barzillai. fell all seven together, and were put to death Though our last English translators have in the days of harvest, in the first days, in sometimes expressed, not what they found in the beginning of barley-harvest. Pool.-In the hill, or, in a hill, in or near Gibeah; in a conspicuous place, for their greater infamy, and for the caution and terror of others who should make any attempt upon the Gibeonites for the future. Before the Lord; as a sacrifice offered up to God to appease his wrath; or, unto the Lord, as was said, ver. 6. They fell, i. e., died; for so the word to fall is oft used, as Exod. xix. 21; 1 Chron. xxi. 14; Psal. xci. 7; Jer. xxxix. 18; Hos. v. 5; or were executed. ,ויקיעום .Unus Codex Orat :ויקיעם 9 .Houb ... , שבעתם Recte Masora : שבעתים. had yet war again with Israel; and David went down, and his servants with him, and fought against the Philistines: and David waxed faint. 16 And Ishbi-benob, which was of the sons of the giant [or, Rapha], the weight of whose spear [Heb., the staff, or, the head] weighed three hundred shekels of brass in weight, he being girded with a new sword, thought to have slain David. 15 And David waxed faint. 16 And Ishbi-benob, &c. Geddes. But David being now feeble, et suspenderunt eos. Sic alibi passim Codices (16) Ishbiboneb, who was of the Raphaite Hodierní, ut sunt antiquiores, ita plures race, the brass of whose spear weighed three supplent litteras 1, quas Hebr. sermo de- hundred shekels, and who was begirt with a siderat, quæque absunt ab Hodiernis Im- new sword, thought to kill David. pressis. Of the sons of the giant. septem illi. Nam esset septuaginta. Pool.-The giant: so called by way of ...: Masora nom, et illi mortui eminency. Or, of Rapha, a giant so called. sunt, bona quidem scriptura; sed hodierna The weight of whose spear weighed three hunnon fuit vituperanda, cum liceat convertere, dred shekels: see 1 Sam. xvii. 5. With a illi autem morte affecti sunt,, in Hophal, | new sword, or rather, with a new girdle or pro, ut alibi sæpe. Deinde recte Masora na, addito 1, ut sit in principio. belt; for, first, This was the usual habit of ; who by way of emineney is called the giant חֲדָשָׁה וַיֹּאמֶר לְהַכּוֹת אֶת־דָּוִד: .16 .v וישבי קרי 15 καὶ ἐπορεύθη Δαυίδ 16 καὶ Ἰεσβὶ ὃς ἦν ἐν τοῖς ἐκγόνοις τοῦ ̔Ραφὰ, καὶ ὁ σταθμὸς τοῦ δόρατος αὐτοῦ, τριακοσίων σίκλων ὁλκῇ χαλκοῦ, καὶ αὐτὸς περιεζωσμένος κορύνην, καὶ διενοεῖτο τοῦ πατάξαι τὸν Δαυίδ. Au. Ver.-15 Moreover the Philistines Bp. Patrick.-16 Ishbi-benob, which was of the sons of the giant.] That is, of Goliath : though Bochartus thinks the Hebrew word rapha signifies any giant; and so these words should be translated, “ of the race of the giants,” i. e., of the Anakims who fed into this country, particularly to Gath, when Joshua expelled them from Canaan (Josh. xi. 22). The weight of whose spear weighed three hundred shekels of brass.] This is to be Masora, nam sic legunt veteres, ut understood of the head of his spear, which sit in medio, Isbibenob. weighed half as much as that of Goliath ille autem accinctus novam. (1 Sam. xvii. 7). , והוא חגור חדשה... Deest nomen, .novam חדשה ad quod pertineat Syrus, .concordans חדשה אספנקי,Chaldeus He being girded with a new sword.] The Vulgatus et Arab. supplent ensem, quasi word sword is not in the Hebrew; nor is legerent, quod nomen est femininum, there anything remarkable in his having a cum new sword; therefore it should be trans-, cingulo novo; nempe legit, ma an lated, "with a new kind of weapon," or, accinctus cingulo novo. Sic etiam rather, “with a new belt;" which had been legit Theodotion, qui epiάvηv interpretatur. bestowed upon him as a reward of some Habent Græci in Rom. Edit. κopúvŋy, clavam, great exploit which he had done, or as a mendose pro Conv. Omittendi occasio token of some new honour, or command, con- fuit satis simile. ferred upon him in the army (see xviii. 11). Dr. A. Clarke.-Being girded with a new T T Ver. 18. וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי־כֵן וַתְּהִי עוֹד הַמִּלְחָמָה sword. As the word sirord is not in the original, we may apply the term new to his armour in general; he had got new arms, a new coat of mail, or something that defended him well, and rendered him very formidable; or it may mean a strong or sharp sword. Gesen.- (for E) Raphah, pr. n. a) With art. 7, a Philistine, whose sons (ET) were giants; see in no. 2. a. b) A man 1 Chr. viii. 37; for which in ix. 43 q. v. 1. only in plur. pp. "The quiet, the silent," i. e. the shades, manes, dwelling in Hades, whom the Hebrews supposed to be destitute of blood and animal life (), but yet not wholly without some faculties of mind; Psalm lxxxviii. 11; Prov. ii. 18; ix. 18; xxi. 16; Isaiah xiv. 9; xxvi. 14, 19; c. art. Job. xxvi. 5. 2. Rapha, pr. n. a) The founder of a race or family among the Philistines celebrated for their tall stature, c. art 7, 1 Chron. xx. 4, 6, 8; but 7, 2 Samuel xxi. 18, 20, 22. His sons or posterity, 7, in the time of David, were distinguished for their great stature and bravery, 2 Sam. xxi. 16.-Perh. 7, 77, signified also to be high, tall; from lofty. Comp. to be high, in 7. b) 1 Chron. iv. 12. c) ib. viii. 2. 16 : Hæc duo non fuerunt sepa Pool. At Gob, or in Gezer, as it is 1 Chron. xx. 4; whereby it seems Gob and Gezer were neighbouring places, and the battle fought in the confines of both. Houb., Horsley, Ged., Booth.-At Gezer. So Josephus and p. p. 1 Chron. xx. 4. The present text, Chald. and Vulg. have Gob. Most copies of Sep. with Syr., Arab., have Gath. Other copies of Sept. with fifty MSS. have Nob.-Ged. Houb.-18, In Gob. Habent tres codices, plene: unus, in Nob. Græci et Syrus et Arabs, n, in Geth. Melius in Libro Paral. 2, in Gazer, quæ Ged.-Saphai, who was of the Raphaite race. Ver. 19. neoban פְּלִשְׁתִּים וַיַּךְ אֶלְחָנָן בֶּן־יַעֲרֵי אֹרְגִים| randa, cum sit nomen proprium, et recte Oregim. Under this perplexity we are בֵּית הַלַּחְמִי אֶת גָּלְיָת הַנִּתִּי וְעֵץ seasonably relieved by a repetition of this חֲנִיתוֹ כִּמְנוֹר אֹרְגִים : ר' זעירא καὶ ἐγένετο ὁ πόλεμος ἐν Ῥόμ μετὰ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων· καὶ ἐπάταξεν Ελεανὸν υἱὸς ̓Αριωργὶμ ὁ Βαιθλεεμίτης τὸν Γολιάθ τὸν Γεθαῖον. καὶ τὸ ξύλον τοῦ δόρατος αὐτοῦ ὡς ἀντίον ὑφαινόντων. Au. Ver.-19 And there was again a very place in Chronicles; which, though perhaps the most corrupted book, as well as the latest in the Old Testament, is extremely useful (among other reasons) because it will frequently settle the true reading in books which are more ancient and more important. We read then 1 Chron. xx. 5 ויך אלחנן בן יעור את לחמי אחי battle in Gob with the Philistines, where גלית הגתי Elhanan the son of Jaare-oregim [or, Jair], a Beth-lehemite, slew the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver's beam. Pool. The brother of Goliath the Gittite: the word brother is not in the Hebrew text, And Elhanan, the son of Jaor, slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath of Gath, &c. Here all is plain and consistent; and these words have evidently been corrupted into the words now found in Samuel. But, for conviction, let us place both together; first the regular line of Chronicles, and under it the corrupted line of Samuel— .Chron ויך אלחנן בן יעור ארגים .Sam ויך אלחנן בן יערי לחמי אחר גלית .Chron את .Sam בית הלחמי את גלית but is fitly supplied out of the parallel place, 1 Chron. xx. 5, where it is expressed. And such defects of relatives are not unusual in Scripture. Thus the word wife is understood, Matt. i. 6; John xix. 25; and father or mother, Mark xv. 40, 47, compared with Mark xvi. 1; Luke xxiv. 10; and son, Matt. iv. 21; Mark ii. 14; John xxi. 15; and brother, Luke vi. 16, compared with Jude 1. And such ellipses do also fre- The corruption is now evident to every quently occur in profane authors. Although eye-that (or as the marginal reading the place may be and is otherwise rendered, has it in Chronicles ) is corrupted into Elhanan, the son of Jaare-oregim, slew Beth-- into ; after which it was natural halachmi, or Lahmi (as he is called by way for some copyist to insert the at the beof abbreviation, 1 Chron. xx. 5, which is ginning of, to make it a regular local very frequent in the Hebrew tongue), who name; for " ' is a Bethlehemite-and was (which words are frequently understood then has plainly been corrupted into г. in the Hebrew text) with (so eth is oft ren- But then; how comes in the long word dered, as hath been noted before) Goliath the after, when there is nothing in the Gittite, i. e., in his company, bred up with uncorrupted text to introduce it? How is it, him to the war, and related to him as his that after (which should be " or "— brother. Or, he slew Beth-halachmi, a And Elhanan the son of Jaor) comes in a Goliath (or another Goliath) of Gath, or the participle plural Masculine, signifying Gittite. So the name of the giant was YPAINONTEƐ, Weavers; and which conBeth-halachmi, who may be here called fessedly so signifies, at the end of this very Goliath, not only for his near relation to verse? him, being his brother, but for his exact resemblance of him in feature, or in stature and strength, or in courage and military skill; as John the Baptist was called Elias for the like reason. Peradventure also, after the death of the first and famous Goliath the Gittite, 1 Sam. xvii., that name was either I think there is but one way of answering these queries, to any reasonable man's satisfaction, and that is-by saying, that the word was taken into the middle of the verse from the end of it, in the following manner. A transcriber is to copy these words ויך אלחנן בן יעור את לחמי אחי | given to him by others, or taken by himself גלית הגתי ועץ חניתו כמנור ארגים : Ken.-Every one knows, that Goliath the Gittite was slain by David, and therefore He writes on regularly, till he has tranthere must have been a mistake of some scribed Jaor; and then, upon the next transcriber here; since Goliath could not be reference to his book, carelessly casting his slain also by Elhanan the son of Jaare eye upon the line under Jaor, and |