Oldalképek
PDF
ePub

Houb.-Omnes autem currus dissolvit, No. 1. a.-Interpreters have long hesi

centum servatis.

Ver. 6.

Au. Ver. And [] the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went.

Ged., Booth. Thus the Lord [Heb., Booth., Jehovah] preserved, &c.

Ver. 7.

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

tated as to the signification of this word; and some have even rendered it by quivers, as (after Jarchi) Jahn Archæol. II. ii. p 428; or also darts. Comp. b, arrow. The signification here given has been adopted by most commentators from Kimchi onwards, and is supported by probable etymology, by the context of all the passages, and by the authority of the ancient versions. Thus the Targums and Syriac version often retain the same word, as being common in Aramæan; but the Chaldee translator of the Chronicles gives it in two places by shields, 1 Chron. xvii. 7, 2 Chron. xxiii. 9; and the translator of Jeremiah, cap. xiii. 23, uses the words mrpr. ηψ to denote the spots of the leopard, as resembling the figure of a shield. Among the later Syrians this word appears to have become obsolete; for Bar Bahlûl, in Lex. Oxon. Ms. under Bp. Patrick.-The Hebrew particle el, himself fluctuates between the various which we translate on, may better be trans- opinions of Syrian interpreters, the most of lated with; that is, in the custody of Hadad- whom however understand by it quivers. ezer's servants, who were officers in his Prof. Lee.-D. A word variously treasury: for it is not likely they brought translated and of doubtful import. Arab.

καὶ ἔλαβε Δαυὶδ τοὺς χλιδῶνας τοὺς χρυσούς οἱ ἦσαν ἐπὶ τῶν παίδων τῶν ̓Αδρααζὰρ βασιλέως Σουβὰ, καὶ ἤνεγκεν αὐτὰ εἰς Ἱερουσαλήμ. καὶ ἔλαβεν αὐτὰ Σουσακὶμ βασιλεὺς Αἰγύπτου, ἐν τῷ ἀναβῆναι αὐτὸν εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐν ἡμέραις Ροβοὰμ υἱοῦ Σολομῶντος.

Au. Ver.-7 And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadadezer, and brought them to Jerusalem.

them into the field of battle. So Pool.

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

Hallet.-7 The shields of gold that were, durus; bul, acutus. Arms of on the servants. This is the sense of the

place. But it is not easy to suppose this to some kind, but whether offensive or debe the true rendering of the preposition, fensive, appears uncertain, usually shields, as Bishop Patrick could not but observe. It 2 Samuel viii. 7; 2 Kings xi. 10; Ezekiel should be, as it is in 1 Chron. xviii. 7.

Dr. A. Clarke.The shields of gold.] We know not what these were. Some translate arms, others quivers, others bracelets, others collars, and others shields. They were probably costly ornaments by which the Syrian

xxvii. 11, &c. LXX. ὅπλα, φαρέτρας, βολίδες, χλιδώνας, κλοιούς, ἑρισσούς. Sym. avonλíav. Vulg. arma, armatura, peltas, pharetras.

Ver. 8.

וּמִבֶּטַח וּמִבֵּרֹתַי עָרֵי הַדַדְעָזְרְ לָקַח .soldiers were decked and distinguished

[ocr errors]

σκεύη. comp.

And those who are called servants here, were probably the choice troops or body-guard of Hadadezer, as the argyraspides were of καὶ ἐκ τῆς Μετεβὰκ καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν Alexander the Great. See Quintus Curtius. πόλεων τοῦ ̓Αδρααζὰρ ἔλαβεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Gesen.m. (r.) only plur. D, Aavid xaλkov todùv oþódpa. év avtą èñoinoe shields, apparently so called from being Σαλομὼν τὴν θάλασσαν τὴν χαλκῆν, καὶ τοὺς hard or perhaps tough ; see the signification στύλους, καὶ τοὺς λουτῆρας, καὶ πάντα τὰ of the Arabic root under, and the noun. 2 Sam. viii. 7, 2, Au. Ver.-8 And from Betah [or, Tibshields of gold. 2 Kings xi. 10; 2 Chron. hath], and from Berothai [or, Chun, 1 Chron. xxiii. 9; Cant. iv. 4; Ez. xxvii. 11, in xviii. 3], cities of Hadadezer, king David which passages shields are spoken of as took exceeding much brass. suspended for ornament upon the walls. Jer. li. 11, sharpen the arrous, Da Nhẹ, fill out the shields, i. e., put them on, see in

And from Betah.

Boothroyd. And from Tibhath.] In the parallel place these names are Tibhath and

Chun. I have adopted the first as most probably the true reading here, as it is in the versions mentioned; and I consider that Berothai ought to be restored there for the same reason. 1 Chron. xviii. 8.

Took exceeding much brass.

Ged.-Brought a very great quantity of brass, of which Solomon, afterward, made the brazen sea, the columns, the lavers, and all the other utensils of the temple [LXX and Jos.].

Au. Ver.-13 And David gat him a name when he returned from smiting [Heb., his smiting, or, slaying] of the Syrians in the valley of salt, being eighteen thousand men.

14 And he put garrisons in Edom; throughout all Edom put he garrisons, and all they of Edom became David's servants. And the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went.

Pool.-13 Gat him a name, i. e., much increased his reputation. The Syrians, or Hallet.-8 And from Beta, and from Be- Edomites, as they are said to be, 1 Chron. rothai, cities of Hadadezer. In Chron. it is, xviii. 12. It is likely these two people were likewise from Tibhath, and from Chun, cities confederates, and that divers of the Syrians of Hadarezer. Here is a difference between whom David had defeated in Syria fled to all these three proper names. Hadarezer Edom, and there joined with them against in Chron. is always called Hadadezer in their common enemy, and made up together Samuel: an easy mistake, written for . a very great army (as the number of the The names of his two cities are written very men slain in it showeth), consisting of the differently: though we may see somewhat of veteran soldiers of both countries; although the occasion of the difference. In Samuel the slaughter here following may seem not In Chronicles to have been of the Syrians, as the words at The first name first reading seem to intimate, but of the is plainly the same, only the two first letters Edomites; (it not being probable that the are dislocated. In Sam. it is spelt, in Syrians would come so far from their own Chron. it is . The other name is country, as to the valley of salt, to fight;) turned into. The change of into and this verse may be read thus, and that

, ומבטח ומברתי the words are , ומטבחת ומכון the words are

very agreeably to the Hebrew: And David gat him a name when he returned from smiting of the Syrians, in ́smiting (which is easily repeated out of the last clause, according to the common usage of Scripture) in the valley of salt eighteen thousand men, who were Edomites, as is sufficiently implied verse, and expressed The valley of salt; a called, either from its

is not difficult; and the is taken from the end of the first name in Chron. . To confirm the reader in the reasonableness of the alteration I here propose in Sam., it must be observed that here in Sam. the first name is spelt Tebah, in the LXX, Syr., and Arab. But perhaps the other name is spelt right in Sam. and wrong in Chronicles. For here in the next in Chron. the Syr. calls this city, Berothai, 1 Chron. xviii. 12. as in Sam. and the LXX in both places place in Edom so render the name of it, TV EKλEKTOV, the neighbourhood to the Salt Sea, or for some chosen; which shows that they read, Be- other cause now unknown. Being eighteen rothai, in both places, which they derived thousand men; as it is also 1 Chron. from, he chose. At the end of this xviii. 12, where also they are said to be verse the LXX add what we read in the smitten by Abishai, because he was then a end of the parallel verse in Chron., Brass, chief commander of the army under David, wherewith Solomon made the brazen sea, and and, it may be, began the fight; as, for the the pillars, and the lavers, and all the vessels. like reason they are said to be smitten by This I suppose, was omitted by the Bishop's Joab, Psal. lx., title, where also there are figure ellipsis. only 12,000 mentioned; which place, if it speak of this battle, the state of it was this: Abishai begins the combat, and kills 6,000; after him comes in Joab, and kills 12,000

Ver. 13.

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

more, which makes up this 18,000. But why may not that be another history and battle?

so the Edomites and Syrians together did אָלֶף :

ȧva- first fight with Abishai, and lost 18,000 men, and afterwards recruited their forces and fought with Joab, and lost other 12,000

kaì èñoiŋσe David ővoμa kaì èv T κάμπτειν αὐτὸν ἐπάταξε τὴν Ιδουμαίαν ἐν Γεβελὲμ εἰς ὀκτωκαίδεκα χιλιάδας.

men. Nor is it strange if two battles were came into immediate connexion with fought in one place; of which there are divers instances in historians.

2.

Ged.-13 "And David, on his return Bp. Patrick.—13 David gat him a name from smiting the Syrians, erected a monuwhen he returned from smiting of the Syrians.] ment. Meanwhile Abishai Ben-Zeruia His victory over that people (mentioned having slain of the Edomites, in the vale of ver. 5), when they came to succour Hadad- Melah, eighteen thousand men, he put ezer, gained him a great reputation, as a garrisons throughout all Edom." potent prince, and a mighty warrior.

A whole line has been dropped out of the original of this verse; which I have supplied from Chronicles. While David was in person carrying on the war against the Syrians, &c. Abishai, one of his generals, subdued the Edomites.

Booth.-13 And David, on his return from smiting the Syrians, erected a monument. Meanwhile Abishai, the son of Zeruiah, slew of the Edomites, in the valley of salt, eighteen thousand men. 14 And he put garrisons in Edom.

Houb.-13 Præterea David, Syria devicta, cum rediret, bellum gessit cum Idumæis in valle salis, ex iisque decem et octo millia hominum interfecit.

.ויעש דור שם

In the valley of salt, being eighteen thousand men.] There is nothing in the Hebrew answering to the word being: which therefore should be translated, "in the valley of salt eighteen thousand men." That is, he slew of the Edomites so many, besides the two and twenty thousand of the Syrians. So we read expressly 1 Chron. xviii. 12, and in the title of the sixtieth Psalm it is said, they were Edomites, not Syrians, who were slain in this valley. Only in that place of the Psalms, there is mention of no more than twelve thousand slain: which makes some think it speaks of a distinct battle from this. But Abishai, who began the fight, perhaps, slew six thousand, and then Ecce alteram seriem manJoab, coming in with his reserve, slew cam, nec non vero etiam perturbatam; et twelve thousand more; which, in all, make fecit David nomen, cum rediret a percutiendo eighteen thousand. By the valley of salt, Syriam in valle salis, octodecim millia Epiphanius understands the Dead Sea, hominum. 10. Ordinem talem non esse which was formerly a famous valley, or Hebraicum, facile videt, quisquis Hebraica rather it was a valley near that sea. But legere assuevit. 20. Non intelligitur, quoneither of these opinions has any good modo David fecerit sibi nomen, dum ex Syria foundation, as Salmasius shows: who takes revertebatur. 30. Ne stare quidem potest this valley of salt to have been in the country fecit sibi nomen, nisi additur, sibi, quod of Edom, where this battle was fought; and abest e contextu. Denique nescitur, quoto be called by this name, either from rum hostium David ceciderit octodecim the salt springs which were therein, or millia hominum. Neque enim Syri aguntur, from the salt that was digged up there (see qui jam devicti erant, et apud quos non est his Exercit. Plinianæ, cap. 35, pages 613, vallis salis. Nos totum hunc locum, as614). sumpto ex veterum versionibus supplemento,

Bishop Horsley.-13 Syrians. parallel place in

ויעש דוד בשובו מהכות,From the ita sanari posse credimus את ארם את אדום המלחמה בגיא מלח: ייך שם שמונה ,Chronicles, namely

1 Chron. xviii. 12, it is evident that this, et fecit David, cum reverteretur a slaughter in the valley of salt was a percutiendo Syriam, cum Edom bellum in slaughter of Edomites. And instead of valle salis, et percussit ibi octodecim millia. ow, the LXX in this place read D. But 1o. Verbum D ad posteriora rejicimus. the passage seems to require further cor- 20. Post DNA, addimus DN, quod exrection. I would read thus, cidit, propter utriusque similitudinem, quod30. Addimus

.12 .que legitur 1 Par. xviii | ויעש דוד שם בשבו מהכותו את ארם ויך מאדם בגיא מלח

"And David acquired fame upon his return onbon, ante nho x, quod Syrus exhibet in from his defeat of the Syrians. For he verbo 7, bellum, quodque omissum est smote of Edom, in the valley of salt, simili errore, prope verbum satis simile. eighteen thousand." The similitude of the Denique addimus T, et percussit, supposito words and was the occasion that verbo, quod convertimus, ibi, nempe in some early transcriber overlooked the two valle salis. Verbum exhibent Græci words after D, and thus the word Intt. in verbo Græco náraέe, percussit,

princes, ch. xx. 26].

quanquam ordine paulum diverso utuntur. and David's sons were chief rulers [or,
Ita fit locus integer ac sanus, adhibita et
veterum Intt. et loci paralleli autoritate.

Dathe.-13 Postquam ex prælio cum Edomitis in valle salis commisso, in quo duodeviginti millia ceciderant, redierat tropæum sibi erexit.

Pool.-Recorder; either, first, The writer of chronicles. But it is not likely he would have been put among the great officers of state and church. Or, secondly, The treasurer, who examined all the acEdomitis. Pro D Syrus legendum esse counts, and kept records of them. Or, D, Edom, non solum testimoniis Tv ó, thirdly, The king's counsellor, as Ahithophel Syri, Arabis, et codd. Kennicotti 286 et 201 is called, 2 Sam. xv. 12; 1 Chron. xxvii. 33, probatur, sed etiam loco parallelo 1 Chron. who was to bring things of moment to the xviii. 12 et Ps. lx. 2, atque præterea versu king's mind and remembrance, and to adsequenti, in quo occupatio terræ Edomiticæ, monish him from time to time of things fit quæ illam victoriam excepit, describitur. to be done. See 1 Kings iv. 3; 2 Kings Cæterum ne sic quidem veram lectionem xviii. 18.

sibi constare, sed ex 1 Chron. xviii. 12 et Bp. Patrick.-Recorder.] The Hebrew
Ps. lx. 2 aliam componendam esse, con-word mazkir, importing something of keep-
jectat Michaëlis (in Bibl. Orient., p. xiii.,ing in memory, or bringing to remembrance,
p. 226) in hunc fere modum: erexit David moved our translators to render it recorder
tropæum, cum rediret ex prælio cum Syris, or remembrancer, as if he wrote the acts of
et Joabus redierat et profligaverat Edomitas
in valle salis.

Maurer.-13 ] Post hoc vocabulum nonnulla (fortasse Di) excidisse videntur. Cf. 1 Chron. xviii. 12; Ps. lx. 2. 14 And the Lord.

every day, which afterward were digested
into annals. But this, sure, was not so con-
siderable an employment as to make him
that had it the prime civil officer in the
kingdom, as Joab was the military. There-
fore Victorinus Strigelius takes him to have

Ged., Booth. Thus the LORD [Heb., been the chancellor of the kingdom: which Booth., Jehovah].

Ver. 16, 17, 18.

is more likely than their opinion, who take
him for the master of requests, who presented
petitions, and put the king in mind of them.

Dr. A. Clarke.-, Remembrancer;
one who kept a strict journal of all the pro-

16 וְיוֹאָב בֶּן־צְרוּיָה עַל־הַצְבָא

ceedings of the king and operations of his וִיהוֹשָׁפָט בֶּן־אֲחִילוּד מַזְכִּיר : 17 וְצָדְוֹק .army ; a chronicler. See the margin בֶּן־אֲחִיטוּב וַאֲחִימֶלֶךְ בֶּן־אֶבְיָתָר כֹּהֲנִים

ו וּבְנָיָהוּ בֶּן־יְהוֹיָדָע וּשְׂרָיָה סוֹפֵר :

TT:

annalist, whose duty it was to record the וְהַכְּרֵתִי וְהַפְּלֵתִי וּבְנֵי דָוִד כֹּהֲנִים

הָיוּ :

16 kaì 'Iwàß viòs Σapovias ènì Tĥs σтparias καὶ Ἰωσαφὰτ υἱὸς ̓Αχιλοὺδ ἐπὶ τῶν ὑπομνημάτων 17 καὶ Σαδὼκ υἱὸς ̓Αχιτώβ καὶ ̓Αχιμέλεχ υἱὸς ̓Αβιάθαρ, ἱερεῖς· καὶ Σασὰ ὁ γραμματεύς 18 καὶ Βαναίας υἱὸς Ιωδαὲ σύμβουλος· καὶ ὁ Χελεθὶ, καὶ ὁ Φελετὶ, καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Δαυὶδ αὐλάρχαι ἦσαν.

Au. Ver.-16 And Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the host; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder [or, remembrancer, or, writer of chronicles];

17 And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests; and Seraiah was the scribe [or, secretary];

18 And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over both the Cherethites and the Pelethites;

Gesen. Part. as subst. a recorder, register, i. q., historiographer, the king's

deeds of the king and the events of his
reign, 2 Sam. viii. 16; xx. 24; 1 Kings
iv. 3; 2 Kings xviii. 18, 37; 1 Chron.
xviii. 15 ; 2 Chron. xxxiv. 8 ; Is. xxxvi. 3, 22.
The same office is mentioned as existing in
the Persian court, both ancient and modern,
where it is called Waka Nuish; Hdot.
vi. 100 ; ib. vii. 90; ib. viii. 100 ; Chardin
Voyage en Perse, t. iii., p. 327; T. V.,
p. 258, ed. Langlès. So too in the time of
the Roman emperors Arcadius and Honorius
under the name of magister memoriæ.

Pool. The son of Ahitub; not of that
Ahitub, 1 Sam. xxii.; for that was of Itha-
mar's race, but this of Eleazar. Ahimelech
the son of Abiathar; so Abiathar called his
son by the name of his father, 1 Sam.
xxii. 20. The priests, i. e., the chief priest
next under Abiathar, who fled to David,

1 Sam. xxii. 20, and now was high priest, as | keeper of the public accounts. But the may be gathered from 2 Sam. xv. 35; Hebrew word sopher (which we translate 1 Kings ii. 27, 35: under him these two scribe) importing something of learning (as were the next chief priests, or the second the word scribe in the New Testament doth), priests, each one being chief of the house of I take him to have been his prime counhis father, Zadok of Eleazar, and Ahimelech sellor in the law, who always attended him. of Ithamar. See Numb. iii. 32; 1 Chron. Constantine L'Empereur thinks there were xxiv. 3, 4. Or these two are here men- two sorts of scribes, an ecclesiastical and a tioned, because they constantly attended civil; and here understands the latter; and upon the king, that he might consult with would have him signify no more than the them in the matters of the Lord, as need muster-master of the army (see his Annot. required. on Bertram De Repub. Jud., p. 383, &c.).

Bp. Patrick.-Zadok-and Ahimelechwere the priests.] These two were the chief of the family of priests; next to the highpriest, which was Abiathar: called second priests in 2 Kings xv. 18. The former was of the family of Eleazar (1 Chron. vi. 5), the other of Ithamar.

Dathe, Ged., Booth.-17 " And Zadock, the son of Ahitub, and Abiathar, the son of Ahimelech [Syr., Arab.; so Gesen.], were the priests; and Seraiah was the scribe."

The text remains a proof either of the negligence or ignorance of the Jewish critics. It is certain from 1 Sam. xxi. 1, and xxii. 9, that Ahimelech was the father, not son, of Abiathar; yet this error has been suffered to remain in the text both here and in 1 Chron. xviii. The Syr. only reads right.

Dathe. Cum ex 1 Sam. xxi. 1 et xxii. 9

Dr. A. Clarke.-The scribe.] Most likely the king's private secretary. See the margin. Gesen., The king's scribe, secretary, an officer of state who writes the royal edicts, etc. 2 Kings xii. 11; 2 Chron. xxiv. 11; so Kar' oxy, the scribe, 2 Kings xviii. 18; xix. 2; xxii. 3, 8, sq.; 1 Ch. xxiv. 6; Isa. xxxvi. 3; xxxvii. 2; also without article b, 2 Sam. viii. 17; xx. 25; 1 Chron. xviii. 16. Sometimes several scribes are mentioned, 1 Kings iv. 3; Esth. iii. 12; viii. 9; comp. Jer. xxxvi. 23. b) Military scribe or tribune, who had charge of the conscription and muster-rolls, muster-master, 2 Kings xxv. 19; Jer. lii. 25; 2 Chron. xxvi. 11; Is. xxxiii. 18. So prob. Jer. xxxvii. 15, as having charge of the public prison. Genr. of a military leader,

[ocr errors]

كتب

constet, Ebjatharum filium Achimelechi chief, Judg. v. 14. Comp. Arab. fuisse, et sic quoque 1 Chron. xviii. 16 legatur, vix dubitari potest, nomina hæc to levy a conscription, an army so h. 1. esse transposita, errore tamen perantiquo in codd. Nam unus Syrus illam lectionem exhibet, oi ó, Vulg., Chaldæus receptam.

[ocr errors]

Ita etiam legitur 1 Chron. xviii. 16; xxiv. 6.
Sed constat ex 1 Sam. xxii. 9, 11, 12, 20,

levied. c) In the later books, a scribe, γραμματεύς, one skilled in the sacred books and in the law, 1 Chron. xxvii. 32; Jeremiah viii. 8; Ezra vii. 6, Ezra was a scribe (7) skilled in the law of Moses. So as a title of Ezra, Neh. viii. 1, sq. 12, 26, 36;

[ocr errors][merged small]

Achimelechum filium Achitubi fuisse, Ab-
jatarum vero Achimelechi. Igitur vix dubi-
tari potest, legendum esse: Pid.

[ocr errors]

Falsa lectio haud dubie . אֲחִימֶלֶךְ בֶּן־אֲחִיטוּב

hac ratione orta est. Nimirum sciolus quidam quum vidisset, Abjatari et patrem et avum, Zadoki vero ne patrem quidem commemorari, vitium subesse suspicans, avum, quem non opus fuerat commemorare, Zadoki patrem fecit, Achimelechum vero, ne hic patre careret, in filium Abjatari vertit.

Bp. Patrick.-Seraiah was the scribe.] Secretary of state, as we now speak; or, as others imagine, clerk of the council, who set down all acts and decrees; others, the

[merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]
« ElőzőTovább »