of the apprehenfions I laboured under, of being tortured to death by the lash, and so be made a facrifice to irrefiftable fury, if, by any unlucky accident, my fecret fhould have been found out. This was the laft I heard of Price.

The honeft governor was no stranger to the ufage we received, which gave him much anxiety; but he could not help us to his liking as yet; but we did not then know the caufe of his delay, which fhewed itself afterward, thus:

As he was a parliament man, he expected, in the spring, he should have a call to Dublin on that account; and fo he let things fleep till that feafon, wherein he thought he could strike the nail on the head to fome purpose.

According to expectation, the parliament was fummoned to meet, and the governor went to give his attendance.

• Some time after he got to Dublin, he happened to fee our lieutenant-colonel in the street, at a little distance. The governor, who hated a knave in his heart, had no patience to speak to him with common civility, but held up his hand, and shouted out: Hark ye, you Ramsey!

The lieutenant-colonel, to return the incivility, held up his hand again, and whistled at the old gentleman, as though he was calling a dog to him.

But Governor Hawley made fhort work of it, and swore, I'll make you whistle another tune yet before I've done with you!

'He proved as good as his word, for he laid Ramfey's whole conduct, from beginning to end, before the government.

Colonel Ramsey was fent for, and not being able to answer to fatisfaction, he was ordered under an arrest, and there to wait a further hearing. But defpairing of being able to clear himself, when he was fo powerfully attacked, and being a man alfo of a high turbulent fpirit, he could not brook his guilt and heavy apprehenfions, but ran raging mad; and, in this condition died, in about four days time. This was glad tidings to the regiment.

Since we have got clear of Ramsey, it may not be amifs in this place, to fhew what came of Adjutant De Vall, who played his part fo brifkly among us while Ramfey lived.

• About a year after the lieutenant colonel's death, this adjutant, who was alfo lieutenant, was ordered a recruiting to England. He had with him ferjeant Coleman, corporal Morley, and drum Lafey, and fome private men, whose names I have forgot.

In their paffage, a ftorm arose at fea, the fhip was driven against a rock, upon the coaft of North Wales. All the party,

except De Vall, by taking advantage of the fallies of the fhip, at fit junctures, jumped upon the rock, and fo got safe afhore.

This worthy adjutant, who had not fared as the men, but was enervated and grown corpulent with high living, could not jump as they did; fo, when the men were upon land, he pulled out his purse, and cried out to them, in most piteous moan, a hundred pounds to any man that faves my life! But the men durft not trust to his word, and befide, were glad of the fair opportunity, which now offered, of getting rid of this petty tyrant. They finding themselves pretty sure that he must die there, were fo far from making him any help, that they curfed him to his face, upbraiding him, at the fame time, with his former baseness.

These deserved reproaches muft needs be very galling, to a man of his choleric and haughty temper; and the more so, as they came from men, whom he had been used to confider as flaves, and always treated with the utmost contempt. He therefore, in a fit of revenge and despair, made a jump at a venture; but, jumping fhort, he fell down between the ship and the rock, by which he was mashed all to pieces. Thus he fell, as you teem a tub of garbage, into the fea, and there was an end of him.

The party being quite fure he could not any more hurt them, gave three cheers at the place of his funeral, and then marched off towards England. When this news came to the regiment, it was more agreeable again, than the death of Ramfey, because the latter only gave orders at a distance, but the firft acted his cruelties in perfon upon the fpot, and therefore made the ftronger impreffions of fear, hatred, and horror.'

We hope the legislature, fome time or other, will adopt certain civil maxims and forms of proceeding in martial cases, fo that the fame perfons may not, as now, be always parties and judges.

MONTHLY CATALOGUE.

11. Letters to the Guardians of the Infant Poor ; and to the Governors and Overseers of the Parish Poor. By Jonas Hanway, Efq; 8vo. Pr. 18. Ed. Cadell.

THE

HE very name of Mr. Hanway is an omen of benevolence and charity, and every line he writes is a dictate of philanthropy, the most difinterested, perhaps, that is upon record, as the objects in whofe favour he labours very poffibly may never be in a condition to pay him the tribute of their gratitude.

To

To give our readers fome idea of this humane publication we fhall felect the second letter.

It is a common complaint that gentlemen will not a in parochial offices: I believe this is not fo generally true as is imagined. The fpirit of police which is now diffufing itself, whether it proceed from our luxury or not, has such a tendency to good of this kind, that we can hardly fail of taking care of the poor. We may also hope that the neceffity which arifes from the high prices of food and raiment, will for their own fakes, render every rank of the people the more attentive.

'In the mean while charity is of eternal and universal obligation. We owe it to fuperiors and equals as well as inferiors: that which is due to the rich muft flow from the fame turn of thought as to the poor. And to what object shall the rich confecrate their lives, if the care of the poor is not worthy of their firft and laft attention?

It is the great end and purpose of all government to prevent misery, or to cure it: It is this, in the language of the poet, which makes the earth finile with benevolence, and the image of God to shine forth in the breafts of men. In feeking how to avoid diftrefs, we often find comfort, fometimes happinefs, or what is vulgarly called by that name.

If we keep our eye on the greatest perfonage, and the most exalted character that ever appeared on the theatre of the world; if our minds are fixed on the fubftantial felicity, which he hath conditionally promised; to act confiftently, we fhall do as he hath fhewn us the example: go about doing good.

Is it not for want of fentiment that we devote fo much of our time and fortunes to puerile amufements or vicious gratifications? but where the head or the heart is effentially deficient, applications to either generally prove a fruitless task.

6

Nothing can be more familiar to the common apprehenfions of mankind than the exercise of a true christian spirit, for the ends and purposes of a genuine chriftian duty, a duty which can have no good motive, but the love of God, or the love of our country; and these are generally united.

The parochial offices have been often fhunned. Many fly from them as vexatious and fruitless, as well as laborious; but this arises from their not examining what a glorious field for action it is, how honourable, how neceffary, how dutiful to the public.

Yet the most effectual way to ferve the poor is to affift them to ferve themselves; but every one who gives, or pays towards their support in a proper and judicious manner, is ferving them. The governor or overfeer has but a laborious Fre eminence, by being a fteward to his parish.

It is the privilege of humanity for every man to do all the good he can to his fellow-creatures; and every one may do fomething towards foftening the pillow of the aged, and to lay down the hoary head to everlasting reft. Every one may lend some affiftance to dry up the widow's tears, and put her in a method of getting bread for herself and her children.

• Where neceffity with an iron hand threatens to drive those who have any virtue into a parish workhouse; whoever is inftrumental to keep up their honeft pride, and prevent and enable them to live without parochial aid, muft be highly ap plauded. The parties themselves as well as the community will be thus effectually served.

Above all, if any one, be he a parishioner or not, can refcue the tender infant from the jaws of death, which it surely finds if it continues many weeks in a workhouse, fhall we hefitate in pronouncing that he alfo is executing an office at once the most serviceable to the poor, moft beneficial to his country, and most honourable to himself.

On the other hand, those who throw their illegitimate children on the parish, being able to take care of them, do they not act the part of enemies to their country, and strangers to humanity itself?

Whatever can be done towards preventing the labouring poor in general from being thrown out of their former track of life, and coming under the protection of the parochial charity; or whatever tends to restore them to their former condition, when they have been fo hard preffed by neceflity as to come to it, feems to be a deed of the greatest benevolence, especially` if it flows from no particular engagement in office, but a voluntary effort of the understanding, and the re&itude and tendernefs of the heart arifing from the occafion. This is the truest philanthropy and public love, and one of the most grateful offerings which can be made at the altar of the most merciful Parent of mankind.

Of all charitable inftitutions, the parochial feems to be the most durable. Even those who have their peculiar annual revenues, fufficient to answer the ends of their inftitution, yet not being fo comprehenfive in their objects, will hardly be maintained, through the travel of ages, fo well as this legal charity. If this were generally administered as the wife and beneficent defigners of the law intended, it might render all other charities unneceffary; but as the cafe now ftands, many inftitutions have acquired a much fuperior character; and the reafon is plain the government being more fimple, the executive part is more regular. In the last, the fame people govern for a fucceffion of years; in the former, they change masters annually.

nually. This mode of annual rotation has the ftrongest marks of conftitutional freedom; yet to prove that liberty depends on virtue, this change is so often attended with neglect, contradiction and confufion, that the law feems to carry in its own bowels fuch morbific humours as tend to its own diffolution.

Nor is this the only difficulty. You know that workhouses receiving fuch a variety of diseased perfons, and fuch various characters of men and women, the infane, the venereal, the profligate, the very old and very young, the pregnant and fickly as well as the healthy, it becomes a more arduous task than any other kind of charity, and requires very cool and able heads, as well as good hearts, to conduct them.

'In the great view of humanity and policy, it seems to be a rank abfurdity to fuffer infane perfons, whofe manners, countenance, speech, or geftures, betray madnefs or idiotism, to walk about in common with the other inhabitants of a workhoufe. It not only creates frequent quarrels, but where there are young perfons it is dangerous. The mind is fufceptible of infection as well as the body. The learned are agreed that fuch mixtures in fociety are productive of bad effects; and the unlearned know that fuch as our communication is, fuch will our manners be.

"It is a common notion that charities are often ruined by building; but is there a charity of any moment existing but what has a large and commodious edifice; and had it not better be ruined, or the people be dispersed, than to stay and perish in a confined place? Six feet by three may contain us dead, but will fix feet by five, with low cielings, afford air to the living? And how without room can there be any proper separation of ages or fexes ?-How can proper space for work, for reft, for devotion, or any purposes neceffary to good order and inftruction, be found?

If a workhouse is never to be confidered as full whilft there are people, who pleading their right are therefore admitted, and not relieved elsewhere; if too great numbers come, nothing can ensue but great mifery: the poor rates must be proftituted; and parish officers muft become officers of deftruc

tion.

I have obferved in workhouses where there is room for exercise, the grown children look healthy; in others where they are confined to a much smaller space, they are pale, languid, emaciated, itchy, hard bellied, created by indigeftion, worms, or injured livers. Thefe diforders are contracted by want of air and exercise. It is thus we militate against nature, which will certainly prevail against us. We cannot live confined: the remedy is obvious: a ftri&t fcrutiny into the fituation of those

who