the square on the remainder will equal the area

of the circle."

3.16

This rule affords "= (19) 3

2

=

a value reasonably accurate as compared with π= 3, the value assumed in the Bible (1 Kings vii, 23; Chronicles iv, 2). Archimedes (200 B.C.) invented the method still used by students of plane geometry that depends on inscribing and circumscribing regular polygons, which, save for an improvement by Huygens (1654), remained in use until the invention of the infinitesimal calculus by Newton and Leibnitz in the last quarter of the 17th century. Hippocrates of Chios (470 B.C.) was the first to investigate areas bounded by curves and to bring into prominence the problems of squaring the circle and duplication of the cube. According to Philoponus, the Athenians were suffering from a severe plague of typhoid fever in 430 B.C., and were told by the oracle at Delos that Apollo required an altar in the form of a cube twice the size of the one existing. A new one was, therefore, constructed, having each edge twice the length of the old one, but the plague was worse than ever. Suspecting some mystery, confirmed by the insistence of the oracle, the Greeks applied to Plato, the most illustrious of their geometricians, and were referred by him to Hippocrates. He succeeded in reducing the problem to the determination of two mean proportionals: for, if a: xx:y: y: 2a, then xay and y=2ax, the equations of two parabolas, which intersect in a point whose abscissa is 2a. This is equivalent to a graphical solution by means of conics, but to draw the curves, a different instrument would be required than those prescribed by Euclid. The problem was thereafter known as the Delian problem. The Cissoid of Diocles (150 B.C.) and the Conchoid of Nicomedes (150 B.C.) are curves of the third and fourth degree, respectively, invented for the special purpose of duplicating the cube and trisecting any angle. The curve known as the quadratrix of Dinostratus (350 B.C.) which, however, had previously been constructed by Hippias of Elis (420 B.C.) for the trisection of the angle, sufficed also to determine the length of a circular arc and for the quadrature of the circle. It belongs to the class known in modern times as integral curves, since the ordinate can be expressed as an integral, such a curve being known to the ancients as a quadratrix. If OA and OB are two perpendicular radii of a circle and two points M and L move with constant velocity one upon the radius OB and the other upon arc AB, such that starting from O and A at the same time they both arrive simultaneously at B; then the intersection of OL and MP drawn parallel to OA is a point on the quadratrix. The ordinate, y, is proportional to 8, the angle between OL and OA, and since y 1, when 0,0=y. But = tan-12, the equation

π

y

x

of the quadratrix becomes = tan

x

2

Π

2 y.

It cuts the axes of X at the point whose abLimit y scissa is x = y=0

π

tan2y It follows that the radius of the circle is the mean proportional between the length of the

53

quadrant and the abscissa of the intersection of the curve with the axis of X. Hence any apparatus that will describe the quadratrix will enable us to determine graphically. Evidently the curve Y sin n-x is much more convenient for this purpose, since is one of the ordinates of this curve when r equals zero; but this curve does not appear to have been used by the Greeks. It is called the sinusoid, the axis being vertical, and any transcendental apparatus which will trace the sinusoid by continuous motion would afford a geometrical construction of π. Such an apparatus has been invented recently by a Russian engineer, Abdank-Abakanowicz, and constructed by Coradi of Zürich. It is called the integraph, and with its aid it is possible not only to lay off but to trace the integral curve.

Y=F (x) = f(x) dx, when the differen

tial curve y = f(x) is given.

The rise of modern analysis after Newton and Leibnitz developed many new methods for the evolution of, the best known being the so-called series of Leibnitz,

The modern proofs of the transcendency of π are based upon this relation, since they all depend upon that of e. In 1873 Hermite ('Sur la Function exponentielle,' Comptes rendus, 1873) first proved the transcendence of e, and this was followed, in 1882, by an analogous demonstration for π given by Lindemann ((Über die Zahl T, Mathematische Annalen, XX 1882). This demonstration is equivalent to proving that the Euclidean problem of the quadrature of the circle is impossible, and closes in this generation a question that has occupied mathematicians for 4,000 years. The long and difficult proofs of Hermite and Lindemann have been much simplified, first by Weierstrass (Berliner Berichte, 1885), and in particular by Hilbert, Hurwitz and Gordon (Mathematische Annalen, Vol. XLIII). The questions involved treated without requiring a knowledge of the calculus have become familiar to English mathematicians through the translation by Beman and Smith of Klein's 'Famous Problems of Elementary Geometry) (1897). Consult also the chapter on The History and Transcendence of T, in 'Monographs on Topics in Modern Mathematics (New York 1911), by D. E. Smith.

J. BRACE CHITTENDEN, PH.D. QUADRIENNIUM UTILE, kwäd-ri-ĕn'ĭ-ŭm ū-ti-lā (Latin, meaning "four years useful"), a phrase in Scotch law, referring to the four years after majority, during which period a person may set aside or revoke any deed executed during his minority, if such deed is to his prejudice. The same law existed among the Romans, to protect the rights of minors by giving them, after majority, an opportunity to revoke any deed which had been made to their disadvantage when they were inexperienced minors or, in the eyes of the law, infants.

QUADRILATERAL. See POLYGON.

QUADRILLE, kwäd-ril, or kă-dril', (1) a dance of French origin, now forgotten in most civilized countries of the globe, which consists generally of five consecutive figures or dance movements, danced by four couples, each forming the side of a square; or by four sets (often pairs) of couples. (2) Also an obsolete game of cards played by four persons. The game is celebrated by Pope in 'The Rape of the Lock.'

QUADRIVIUM, the name given in the Middle Ages to the four mathematical branches of study, arithmetic, music, geometry and astronomy, in contradistinction to the Trivium, which consisted of the three remaining branches taught in the medieval schools, and which consisted of grammar, rhetoric and dialectics, the whole comprehending what was called the seven liberal arts. This program of study was outlined by Plato in the 'Republic.'

QUADROON, or QUARTEROON, a person of mixed blood, usually one who is onequarter negro and three-quarters white; that is, one of whose grandparents was white and the other negro, and one of whose immediate parents was white and the other mulatto.

QUADRUMANA, the name applied by Cuvier and others to denote the order of "fourhanded" mammalia represented by the lemurs, monkeys and apes, from the fact that these forms agree in possessing a great toe so constructed as to be capable of opposing the other digits of the feet, instead of being placed parallel with the other toes, thus forming a kind of "hand" adapted for supporting the foot on the ground. Cuvier separated man as a collateral order Bimana or "two-handed" mammalia. But in modern zoology, man is included in one order with the apes and monkeys- the order Primates (q.v.).

QUADRUPLE ALLIANCE, a union of four sovereigns or states to forward their common policies. Notable among such unions was the alliance between Great Britain, France and the German Empire, concluded at London in 1718, in which Holland joined 1719; its objects were to secure to the house of Hanover the succession to the British Crown; to secure France to the house of Bourbon; and to prevent the union of France and Spain under one crown. Another memorable quadruple alliance was that of Austria, Russia, Great Britain and Prussia, formed in 1814 to regulate the political system of Europe after the fall of Napoleon. 1834 England, France, Spain and Portugal entered into an alliance to put down Don Carlos and his partisans.

In

QUADRUPLEX TELEGRAPHY. See ELECTRICAL TERMS.

QUÆSTOR, kwěs'tôr, the title of a class of magistrates in ancient Rome who had charge

of the pecuniary affairs of the commonwealth : they were the treasurers of state. Of these one, quæstor urbanus or q. ærarii (urban quæstor, quæstor of the treasury), who remained at Rome, administered the public revenues and expenditures. Other quæstors, called provincial or military quæstors, served as assistants to the proconsuls or proprætors who governed the several provinces: their duty was to provide for the payment and provisioning of the troops, to collect the imposts and, in the absence of the governor, to act in his stead. In very early times there was in Rome an official styled quæstor parricidii (tracker of murder) who prosecuted persons charged with capital offenses. A quæstor was ex officio entitled to a seat in the Senate.

QUAGGA, kwǎg'a, a species of the horse (Equus quagga), nearly allied to the zebras, formerly found on the plains of southern Africa, but now quite extinct. It was striped like the zebra, but did not possess bands on the limbs. The color was dark brown on the head, neck and shoulders, the back and hind quarters being lighter, while the croup was russet gray. The under parts of the body were white, the upper parts of the legs and tail being marked by whitish bars. The quagga was smaller than the zebra, and bore a closer resemblance to the horse. The ears were short, the head being relatively small. The tail was tufted. These animals were gregarious, the herds which inhabited the Kaffrarian plains numbering each several hundreds of individuals, which would mingle with the zebra herds. The quagga was active, nimble and elegant in its movements. The Bushmen and Kaffirs esteemed the flesh as good palatable food, and these animals were on the same account unremittingly pursued by the lion. It was tamed without much difficulty, but domestication apparently altered its disposition and rendered it dull and less active in habits. The Dutch colonists were said to be in the habit of keeping quaggas along with their cattle which the quaggas defended from the attack of hyænas and other carnivora by trampling on the invaders and otherwise injuring them. The quagga bred with the common horse, and a mixed race of this kind, possessing great beauty of form, and retaining in a large degree the characteristic markings of the quagga, is said to have existed in England at one time. The name "quagga" was derived from the cry of the animal, which may most nearly be expressed by the word Coua-ag. The animal has received a variety of names from authors: thus Pennant terms it the quacha, and Masson the opeagha. Consult Bryden, Nature and Sport in South Africa' (1897), and early writers on South Africa, especially Harris, Lichtenstein and Gordon-Cumming.

QUAGLIO, kwa'le-o, name of a family of painters, originally belonging to Laino, Lago Maggiore, Italy, but afterward dwellers in Munich. The most eminent among them, Domenico (b. Munich, 1 Jan. 1786; d. Hohenschwangau, 9 April 1837), was for 11 years decorative painter for the Munich Theatre. He subsequently turned his attention to oil-painting and also executed etchings and lithographs. He traveled through Germany, along the Rhine, to the Netherlands, to France, Switzerland and Italy, with the object of studying mediæval

architecture as a subject for painting. During the latter period of his life he was engaged by the Crown Prince Maximilian of Bavaria in the restoration and decoration of the castle of Hohenschwangau. He was member of the Academy of Munich and Berlin and one of the first German artists to produce in painting architectural effects of a thoroughly artistic quality. He also published books on the mediaval buildings of Bavaria; on the most noteworthy buildings of Munich, and on the architectural statuary of Bavarian mediæval buildings. His brother, LORENZ QUAGLIO (b. Munich, 19 Dec. 1793; d. there, 15 March 1869), directed his studies to genre painting and lithography. In this latter department of art he reached the highest excellence. His paintings consist of incidents from mediæval life and his landscapes are taken from the highlands of Bavaria. The third brother, SIMON QUAGLIO (b. Munich, 23 Oct. 1795; d. there, 8 March 1878), was scene painter and decorator to the Hof Theatre and executed many exceedingly clever pictures in oil, chiefly of architectural subjects and distinguished for faultless perspective, beauty of design and brilliancy of coloring. ANGELO, Son of the last (b. Munich, 13 Dec. 1829; d. there, 5 Jan. 1890), was scene painter to the Bavarian Hof Theatre and by his architectural decorations gained a world-wide reputation.

QUAHA, the side-striped African jackal (Canis lateralis). See JACKAL. QUAHOG, or ROUND CLAM.

CLAM.

CLAM. See

QUAI D'ORSAY, kā dŏr-så. See PARIS. QUAIL, one of several partridges (q.v.); in the eastern United States the bob-white (Colinus virginianus) and on the Pacific Coast partridges of other genera. The eastern bobwhite requires no description beyond a statement of the differences between the sexes. Besides being larger, the male has the superciliary line and throat pure white, these parts in the female being buff and without black borders and she also has the colors generally more blended. The bob-white is widely distributed throughout the eastern United States; on the Atlantic Coast it barely enters Maine, farther west it is found northward in New York, Ontario and Minnesota; southward it is abundant in the Gulf and South Atlantic States and westward reaches to the elevated central plains from South Dakota to Texas. Farther westward at many points in this country, in Jamaica and other West Indian islands this species has been very successfully introduced, but similar attempts in Europe seem to have failed. The Florida and Texan birds present extremes of variation recognized as sub-species and a related species (C. ridgwayi) occurs in Arizona. Although in New England and elsewhere called "quail" and in the Middle and Southern States very generally "partridge,» neither of these names is, properly speaking, correct. The "bobwhite" of the farmer's boy is a far more characteristic and appropriate name. Like related species it is gregarious, but the coveys consist of members of one family- a pair of old birds and their numerous progeny of one or two broods which remain in company until the next pairing season. They live where thickets, woodland borders or fence rows offer suitable cover. Throughout most of the year they feed

upon berries, seeds and mast and frequent grain-fields after harvest to glean the fallen seeds. Occasionally they attack fields of buckwheat, of which they are very fond, but the slight damage thus done is repaid many fold in the destruction of grasshoppers and other insects in the late summer and autumn. Most of their life is spent on the ground, on which they scratch like hens. When whistling or sometimes when alarmed they will perch upon trees or fences, but usually run to a cover, where they remain perfectly motionless or spring suddenly into the air with a loud whirr and fly swiftly straight away to a thicket. At night they commonly huddle together in a close bunch with heads outward in the concealment of a bush, but may occasionally roost on trees. The call is a clear loud whistle of two or three notes, variously interpreted as "ah, bob-white," "buckwheat" and "no buckwheat" or "more wet" and "no more wet."

Being non-migratory, the bob-white is frequently exposed to privation during the winter. During a heavy snow-storm the members of a covey will often huddle together to keep warm and allow themselves to become completely covered and should a crust form on the surface many will sometimes perish miserably. In April and May they construct simple nests of coarse grass stems, usually arched over at the top, in a depression on the ground under the shelter of a bush or tuft of grass. The many eggs are pure white and top-shaped and arranged with the pointed ends downward. The young run immediately after hatching and are wonderfully interesting and pretty creatures with a marvelous skill for concealing themselves when alarmed. Sometimes a second brood is raised in August. When this is the case the male takes sole charge of the first until the second is hatched, when both parents join the combined broods; thus are formed the largest

coveys.

The bob-white combines all of those qualities which a sportsman seeks in an ideal game bird and it is, without question, the most sought and most generally appreciated by gunners of any game bird in this country. Every condition unites to make the sport exhilarating and healthful, to test the skill of the sportsman and to please his appetite at the close of his labors. In most States this perfect game bird is now rigidly protected by laws prohibiting snaring, netting and trapping, by the enactment of a close season covering the breeding period and continuing until the young birds are strong of wing, or by other measures designed to meet local conditions or abuses. In several States at present the shooting of quail is prohibited for five or more years. Although the bird is so prolific it has numerous natural enemies, especially hawks, weasels, skunks, cats, etc., which check its increase. When to this natural loss is added the enormous number annually sacrificed to the deservedly popular sport of quailshooting, the necessity of legal protection becomes manifest. The nature and method of the sport differs so much with the varied actions of the birds due to season, locality, character of ground, etc., and to the local and personal idiosyncrasies of gunners, that the reader must be referred to some of the numerous sporting books for details. The general method is to hunt singly or in couples,

veins were represented with life-like distinctness and individuality.

PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM, the 47th proposition of the first book of Euclid's Elements, which shows that in any right-angled triangle the square on the hypothenuse is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides.

PYTHAGOREANISM, the philosophical doctrine of the Pythagoreans, or followers of Pythagoras (q.v.). The system of the Pythagoreans was comprehensive and included a theory of being, that is, a religious cult; a metaphysic; a cosmological theory, and a mathematical theory.

Pythagorean Cult.- The Pythagoreans believed in immortality and the transmigration of souls. As they consequently considered all animals to partake of human nature, they forbade the eating of flesh, and even that of beans, which they somehow associated with flesh. They formed a close corporation, and it was considered sinful to reveal any imperfections in the mathematical work of the school to those outside.

Pythagorean Metaphysics.- The Pythagoreans taught that the essence of all things was number; that everything in its final analysis could be resolved into number. This statement, which is recorded in Aristotle's Metaphysics, where he is enumerating the Greek schools of philosophy, has occasioned much dispute. We may perhaps see in this doctrine the basis of the 10 antitheses of Pythagorean teaching, especially that of the opposites, odd and even, the definite and indefinite, which are placed first in the list. Number was also an idea in which these opposites were each included, and was, therefore, sometimes spoken of as harmony. But other interpretations of the Pythagorean number make unity and duality as the root notion, and pronounce that these terms may be reduced to the opposition of the spiritual and corporeal, of form and of substance, of the Supreme Being and the material world. The Deity is the one, the Original Unity, the Infinite, out of which all finite things have come. The opposition between the limited or finite and the unlimited or infinite is by some philosophers regarded as the fundamental idea in the Pythagorean number. It is possible that the doctrine was from the first propounded as a vague generalization which might be and was interpreted in different ways by different members of the school. It is evident that nothing can exist without number, as is stated in the apocryphal Book of Wisdom, in some respects a product of Alexandrian Neo-Pythagoreanism. The numbers themselves are divisible into odd and even, thus suggesting the contrast between the limited and unlimited, the conditioned and the unconditioned, the relative and the absolute, matter and spirit, man and God. On the other hand, it is possible that the Pythagorean number was not arithmetical but geometrical. The great disciple of Pythagoras in the time of Socrates was Philolaus, but of the writings in which he expounded his views only fragments survive, and these are of doubtful authenticity. Philolaus may have been under the influence of Democritus, and his theory of number have been based on geometrical axioms and the intervals in the sounds struck from the seven

stringed lyre. Probably he was an atomist. The individual atom would in that case represent to him a material spatial point, two of which made a line, three a surface, four a solid; of these solids, represented always by even numbers, the constitutents of earth were cubical; those of fire tetrahedral, those of water icosahedral, etc. From the use of numbers as the ontological basis of things the passage was easy enough to the wild and fanciful application of them as mere symbols. Thus the later Pythagoreans made the soul correspond with the number six, while seven was the counterpart of reason and health. The imagination here stepped in and with curious ingenuity labored to give a rational basis to these axioms. Hence the famous oppositions of this philosophical sect; namely (1) limited and unlimited; (2) even and odd; (3) one and many; (4) right and left; (5) male and female; (6) rest and motion; (7) straight and crooked; (8) light and darkness; (9) good and evil; (10) square and rectangle. It will be perceived that in these oppositions the idea of completeness, as represented by an even number, and incompleteness by an odd number is the ruling element, and in the idea of incompleteness is implied the potentiality of indefinite extension, multiplication or variation. From the very beginning of Pythagoreanism many semi-mystical, semi-scientific speculations were made concerning square numbers; triangular numbers, of the form X2+3x+2 -, representing triangular regularly spaced aggregates of points; and rectangular numbers of the form X+X, representing rectangular aggregates of points.

2

Pythagorean Cosmology.- Pythagoras, or at least the Pythagoreans, had some vague idea of a heliocentric solar system. They taught that the universe had as its centre a fire round which the earth and stars revolved. This central fire was not identified with the sun; the stars were luminous from reflecting its light. They taught that this fire was not visible from the earth; that there was a counter earth which made up with the five known planets, the fixed stars, sun and moon, 10 celestial phenomena. The distance of the spheres from the central fire was determined according to simple numerical relationships. The harmony of the spheres was a melodious sound resulting from the revolution of the heavenly bodies in accordance with the intervals of their distance from the central fire. The Pythagoreans discovered the connection between the length of the string in a lyre and the character of the note which was sounded on percussion, and developed a theory of the musical scale. Indeed this seems to have been the source of their medical and mathematical researches.

Pythagorean Geometry. The Ionic school of Greek philosophy imported geometry from Egypt into the Greek world of intellectual activity, Its early development in Europe was mainly due to the followers of Pythagoras, who himself enunciated the theorem now known as the 47th proposition of the first book of Euclid, which says that the square of the hypothenuse of a right angled triangle is the sum of the squares on its legs. The three propositions, arithmetical, geometrical and harmonical, were known to them, having been intro

only salvation for the Indian was to be found in education and the adoption of the ways of civilization. He established schools for the Indians and all his children were well educated. Two at least of his daughters married white men. After the division of the Indian lands, Parker Quana lived in a large modern house surrounded by a well-cultivated ranch. For considerably over a quarter of a century he was the most prominent member of the three allied tribes, Kiowa, Comanche and Apache, practically all of whose tribal business was in his hands. In this capacity he made several visits to Washington, where he always had the consideration of the government. He also traveled extensively throughout the United States and made a careful study of agricultural methods and of the ways of living among the whites, which he copied and taught to his people by example and precept. It was through his earnest and persistent efforts that the Indians of his tribes secured rights of citizenship.

QUANAH, Tex., city and county-seat of Hardeman County, 200 miles northwest of Dallas, on the Fort Worth and Denver City, the Saint Louis and San Francisco and the Quanah, Acme and Pacific railroads. Irrigation is carried on to a considerable extent in the vicinity, the crops being chiefly cotton, corn and wheat. Manufacturing includes flour, cement, cottonseed oil and cottonseed feed products. The town is growing in size. Pop. 3,127.

QUANTIFICATION OF THE PREDICATE, supplying to the predicate in a logical proposition a word, as "some," or "all," or "no," etc., to indicate whether the whole of it or only a part agrees with or differs from the subject. În the proposition "all metals are elements" the subject "metals" is quantified by the use of "all"; but the predicate is not quantified, and in form the proposition does not distinctly assert whether metals constitute the whole list of elements or not. But by inserting "some" before the predicate, "elements" is quantified "all metals are some elements." It was assumed by Aristotle and was maintained by all logicians after him till Ploucquet and Lambert in the 18th century and Sir William Hamilton in the 19th, that the predicate of all affirmative propositions is "undistributed" (not taken in its universal comprehension), while the predicate of a negative proposition is always distributed. But after Sir William Hamilton had given notoriety to the doctrine of quantification, this was seen to be an error, through which an infinite number of affirmative propositions which are universal in both terms are excluded from the system of formal logic. Among the numerous changes in the theory of formal logic which follows from the adoption of the quantified predicate the most important are the reduction of the conversion of propositions from three species to one, reduction of all the general laws of categorical syllogisms to a single canon, and the abrogation of all the special laws of syllogism. But the doctrine of the quantification of the predicate has never been generally adopted in the exposition of formal logic, on the ground that there is no proposition that cannot be dealt with under the Aristotelian forms, and that quantification does not really simplify the theory of logic. At present both the old Aristotelian-formed logic

57

and the logic of quantification have been supplanted by the symbolic logic. See LOGIC, SYMBOLIC.

QUANTITY, in the language of Mathematics, is whatever can be measured: space, time, weight, number, force, etc., are quantities. Quantities are represented in mathematics by symbols, and these too are called quantities. In algebra quantities are distinguished as known and unknown, real and imaginary, constant and variable, rational and irrational. For the meaning of these terms, see ALGEBRA, DEFINITIONS AND FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS; VARIABLE QUANTITIES. A simple quantity is expressed by a single term, as a or b; a compound quantity is one expressed by two or more terms connected by the sign of plus (+) or minus (-). Quantities having the plus sign prefixed are called positive or affirmative; those with the minus sign prefixed are called negative quantities. Similar quantities are such as con

In

sist of the same letters, and the same powers of the letters, as abc, -2abc, +4abc, etc. Logic, quantity is the extent to which the predicate in a proposition is asserted of the subject: when the predicate is affirmed of the whole of the subject the proposition is a universal one, as in the example "all metals are elements": but when the predicate is affirmed only of a part of the subject, as in "some metals are brittle," the proposition is called a particular one. See OPPOSITION. In Grammar and Prosody, quantity is the measure of a syllable, or the time in which it is pronounced. In Music, quantity is the relative duration of a tone.

QUANTRELL, William, American guerrilla: d. Kentucky, 1864. His depredations first became widely known when he raided Lawrence, Kan., destroying 185 buildings, killing 140 inhabitants and leaving the town completely devastated. His operations were then continued through western Missouri and eastern Kansas, but upon his extending his ravages to Kentucky in 1864 he was outwitted and killed.

QUANZA, a river of Africa. See KWANZA.

QUAPAW (kwä'pą) INDIANS. SIQUAN.

See

QUAQUAVERSAL FOLD. See FOLDS.

QUARANTINE, a stated period (formerly 40 days) during which a ship coming from a port suspected of contagion, or having a contagious sickness on board, is forbidden intercourse with the place at which it arrives. Quarantine was first introduced at Venice in the 14th century, is now required in almost every important country except Great Britain. In the United States quarantine enactments were passed by the colonial legislatures and afterward for many years by the States. The first national quarantine act was passed 23 Feb. 1799, requiring Federal officers to aid in the execution of State or municipal quarantine regulations. On 29 April 1878, a national quarantine act was passed. On 3 March 1883, $100,000 was appropriated for maintaining quarantine points along the coast. On 1 Sept. 1892, owing to the presence of cholera, President Harrison proclaimed a 20 days' quarantine of New York. By law it is made a misdemeanor punishable by fine or imprisonment, or both, for the master, pilot or owner of any vessel entering a port of