failure in the very irst condition of successful imitation. No two kitchen fires are alike as to the degree and the way in which they give out heat. In qualities of water, in saucepans, in the season of the year, in the constantly vary. ing quality or texture of the same article employed as food or condiment, the cook, who is merely, after the custom of the day, a creature of rules which she has gathered round her as the defence of her own secret ignorance and incapacity, can only spoil food; and does spoil it. Household Words. Man, they said at first, is made up of air; and his food is air solidified. He springs from air, he lives on air, to air he shall return. The proofs are made out in this wise: Man feeds on plants directly, or through the mediation of herbivorous animals; plants feed on carbonic acid gas, ammonia, and water-which impregnate the atmosphere. Plants, then, feed on air; and man also, through the direct mediation of plants, or, indirectly, through that of the herbivorous animals he eats. When death over. takes him, he dissolves into ammonia, carbonic acid gas, and water; and this again returns to Household Words. air. Beef contains a great deal of iron; its ash Animal food is, of contains six per cent. course, the natural source of iron to the system But iron has been used medicinally since very early times, with the knowledge that it had a strengthening power. Prince Iphicles was the first patient who was treated with steel-wine. He suffered from pallor and debility thirty-five hundred years ago. An oracle desired him to seek a knife which, years before, he had driven into a sacred chestnut-tree, to steep it in wine, and drink the solution of its rust. A modern oracle would have prescribed a more elegant form of steel-wine for the fee of one guinea. Since that time, the alchymists called it Mars. Household Words. Life is a constant battle between the dead Suffice it to say that iron is found in all our matter of earth, which strives continually to food; that iron is organized in all our tissues; free itself from the tyranny of organic laws, that its presence is necessary to health, its aband the chemical energies of the body, which sence productive of chlorosis, a common form incessantly force upon it forms proper for its of disease. But although so generally present, use in the animal structures. For a time the and so essential to health, the whole bulk of powers of gravitation, cohesion, and crystalliza-iron in the body is very small. If we should tion are kept down and defied by the organizing forces; but we forecast the end, we know that earth will triumph over the frame, the house built of dust will crumble, and the glories of the sacred temple of the soul fade into the palpable ruins of a mud-built tenement. Household Words. Why does the cook spoil the potatoes? Why does she make our meat our misery, and dinner the extinction of all powers of thought for the next two hours? Cook works by tradition, or at best by cookery-books, and puts no mind of her own into her work. It is stark nonsense to suppose that cooking can be done by rule, when, all the books being nearly the same, there is a carry into action Shakspeare's idea, and "coin the heart and drop the blood for drachmas," we should be but very little the wealthier. All the iron in the body would not be of the value of a halfpenny nor the size of a walnut;-on such small things does life depend. Household Words. So far is salt from being useless, that man and animals have from the earliest times sought it with incredible pains and devoured it with marvellous avidity. Its use has been held to be a privilege essential to pleasure and to health: its deprivation a punishment productive of pain and disease. Its uses in the economy are ma: ifold and important. Without it there would be no assimilation of food, no formation of gastric juice. Nutrition would cease; life would languish and utterly waste. Salt, moreover, would appear to ward off low forms of fever. It deals death to parasite growth. Household Words. We may question those learned in the mysteries of the animal and human frame if we would learn the secret of this strange yearning after salt which ages have not diminished, nor civilization annihilated. Salt occurs in every part of the human body. It is organized in the solids, and dissolved in the fluids; it creeps into every corner of the frame, and plays a part in all the complicated processes of life, without which the machinery would be arrested in its operation. Thus, all our nutritive food consists either of fibrin, albumen, or casein; and neither of these could be assimilated, and used in building up the flesh that walls about our life, unless salt were present: neither being soluble except in a saline fluid. Household Words. Phosphate of lime reaches us in all flesh, and in most articles of vegetable food, but especially in some of the cereals. A striking illustration of the value of phosphate of lime, as a constituent of our dietary, may be found in the fact that nearly all the nations of the earth feed either on wheat or rye, or on barley or oats, and these grains appear to be specially adapted for human use by reason of the large quantities of phosphate of lime which they contain. There is plenty of phosphate of lime in soups, and this may be a useful way of getting at this mineral, where there is a deficiency in the system. For this phosphate is a necessary constituent of all the soft tissues and fluids of the body, of cartilage, muscle, milk, blood, of gastric and pancreatic juices. Household Words. The uses of potash in the body have been elucidated in investigating the causes of scurvy. Until lately this scourge carried off from onesixth to one-tenth of a ship's crew on a long voyage. Scurvy results from a continued diet of salt meat; not because the salt is in excess, but because the potash and other mineral constituents are in defect. When meat is placed in brine, the salt enters, driving out the potash and other salts, usurping their place, and, like other usurpers, doing a vast amount of mischief. Household Words. Of magnesia we have but little to say. It is always found in the human body. But what it does there, and why it is there, and in what precise form, are questions not yet clearly answered. Probably magnesia has the same qualities as potash and sodium, and does their work occasionally, when from an ill-selected diet these are absent from the body without leave. The dietetic relation of magnesia has been made famous by its discovery in oats. Household Words. One of the largest promises of science is, that the sum of human happiness will be increased, ignorance destroyed, and, with ignorance, preju dice and superstition, and that great truth taught to all, that this world and all it contains were meant for our use and service; and that where nature by her own laws has defined the limits of original unfitness, science may by extract so modify those limits as to render wholesome that which by natural wildness was hurtful, and nutritious that which by natural poverty was unnourishing. We do not yet know half that chemistry may do by way of increasing our food. Household Words. FOPPERY. Nature has sometimes made a fool; but a coxcomb is always of a man's own making. ADDISON. Touching dandies, let us consider, with some scientific strictness, what a dandy specially is. A dandy is a clothes-wearing man, a man whose trade, office, and existence consist in the wearing of clothes. Every faculty of his soul, spirit, purse, and person is heroically consecrated to this one object, the wearing of clothes wisely and well; so that, as others dress to live, he lives to dress. The all-importance of clothes... has sprung up in the intellect of the dandy without effort, like an instinct of genius: he is inspired with cloth, a poet of cloth. CARLYLE. Of things of the most accidental and mutable nature God's prescience is certain. SOUTH. It would puzzle the greatest philosopher that ever was, to give any tolerable account how any knowledge whatsoever can certainly and infallibly foresee an event through uncertain and contingent causes. TILLOTSON. FORGIVENESS. If a man has any talent in writing, it shows a good mind to forbear answering calumnies and reproaches in the same spirit of bitterness in which they are offered. But when a man has been at some pains in making suitable returns to an enemy, and has the instruments of revenge in his hands, to let drop his wrath, and stifle his resentments, seems to have something in it great and heroical. There is a particular merit in such a way of forgiving an enemy; and the more violent and unprovoked the offence has been, the greater still is the merit of him who thus forgives it. ADDISON: Spectator, No. 555. You should forgive many things in others, but nothing in yourself. AUSONIUS. The Gospel comes to the sinner at once with nothing short of compiete forgiveness as the starting-point of all his efforts to be holy. It does not say, "Go and sin no more, and I will not condemn thee;" it says at once, " Neither do I condemn thee; go and sin no more." HORATIUS BONAR. Alas! if my best Friend, who laid down his life for me, were to remember all the instances in which I have neglected Him, and to plead them against me in judgment, where should I hide my guilty head in the day of recompense? I will pray, therefore, for blessings upon my friends even though they cease to be so, and upon my enemies though they continue such. COWPER: To Lady Hesketh, April 4, 1766. The thinking it impossible his sins should be forgiven, though he should be truly penitent, is a sin, but rather of infidelity than despair; it being the disbelieving of an eternal truth of God's. HAMMOND. He that cannot forgive others breaks the bridge over which he must pass himself; for every man has need to be forgiven. LORD HERBert of Cherbury. It is in vain for you to expect, it is impudent for you to ask of God, forgiveness on your own behalf if you refuse to exercise this forgiving temper with respect to others. BISHOP HOADLY. Where there is no hope, there can be no en. deavour. A constant and unfailing obedience is above the reach of terrestrial diligence; and therefore the progress of life could only have been the natural descent of negligent despair from crime to crime, had not the universal persuasion of forgiveness to be obtained by proper means of reconciliation recalled those to the paths of virtue whom their passions had solicited aside, and animated to new attempts and firmer perseverance those whom difficulty had discouraged, or negligence surprised. DR. S. JOHNSON: Rambler, No. 110. Whoever is really brave has always this com fort when he is oppressed, that he knows himself to be superior to those who injure him, by forgiving it. Let not the sun in Capricorn [when the days are shortest] go down upon thy wrath, but write thy wrongs in ashes. Draw the curtain of night upon injuries, shut them up in the tower of oblivion, and let them be as though they had not been. To forgive our enemies, yet hope that God will punish them, is not to forgive enough. To forgive them ourselves, and not to pray God to forgive them, is a partial act of charity. Forgive thine enemies totally, and Humanity is never so beautiful as when pray without any reserve that, however, God willing for forgiveness, or else forgiving another. revenge thee. SIR T. BROWNE: Christian Morals, Part I., xv. Tell us, ye men who are so jealous of right and of honour, who take sudden fire at every insult, and suffer the slightest imagination of another's contempt, or another's unfairness, to chase from your bosom every feeling of complacency; ye men whom every fancied affront puts in such a turbulence of emotion, and in whom every fancied infringement stirs up the quick and the resentful appetite for justice, how will you stand the rigorous application of that test by which the forgiven of God are ascertained, even that the spirit of forgiveness is in them, and by which it will be pronounced whether you are, indeed, the children of the Highest, and perfect as your Father in heaven is perfect? DR. T. CHALMERS. POPE. RICHTER. Nothing is more moving to man than the thus indemnified, and are not too costly, being spectacle of reconciliation: our weaknesses are the price we pay for the hour of forgiveness; and the archangel who has never felt anger, has reason to envy the man who subdues it. When heart stands to thee in the relation of the seathou forgivest, the man who has pierced thy worm that perforates the shell of the mussel, which straightway closes the wound with a pearl. RICHTER. The brave only know how to forgive it is the most refined and generous pitch of virtue human nature can arrive at. Cowards have done good and kind actions; cowards have even fought, nay, sometimes conquered; but a coward never forgave-it is not in his nature; the power of doing it flows only from a strength and greatness of soul conscious of its own force and security, and above all the little temptations of resenting every fruitless attempt to interrupt its happiness. STERNE. If he pay thee to the utmost farthing, thou hast forgiven nothing: it is merchandise, and not forgiveness, to restore him that does as much as you can require. JEREMY TAYLOR. The duty of Christian forgiveness does not require you, nor are you allowed, to look on injustice, or any other fault, with indifference, as if it were nothing wrong at all, merely because it is you that have been wronged. But even where we cannot but censure, in a moral point of view, the conduct of those who have injured us, we should remember that such treatment as may be very fitting for them to receive may be very unfitting for us to give. To cherish, or to gratify, haughty resentment, is a departure from the pattern left us by Him who "endured such contradiction of sinners against Himself," not to be justified by any offence that can be committed against us. And it is this recollection of Him who, faultless Himself, designed to leave us an example of meekness and long-suffering, that is the true principle and motive of Christian forgiveness. We shall best fortify our patience under injuries by remembering how much we ourselves have to be forgiven, and that it was "while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us." "" Let the Christian therefore accustom himself to say of any one who has greatly wronged him, "That man owes me an hundred pence." An old Spanish writer says, "To return evil for good is devilish; to return good for good is human; but to return good for evil is godlike." WHATELY: Annot. on Lord Bacon's Essay, Of Anger. FORMS. A long table, and a square table, or a seat about the walls, seem things of form, but are things of substance: for at a long table a few at the upper end, in effect, sway all the business; but in the other form there is more use of the counsellors' opinions that sit lower. LORD BACON. Those forms are best which have been longest received and authorized in a nation by custom and use. SIR W. TEMPLE. FORTUNE. If a a man look sharply and attentively, he shall see Fortune; for though he is blind, yet she is not invisible. LORD BACON : Essay XLI., Of Fortune. Fortune is to be honoured and respected, and be but for her daughters, Confidence and Reputation; for those two felicity breedeth; the first within a man's self, the latter in others towards him. All wise men, to decline the envy of their own virtues, use to ascribe them tc Providence and Fortune; for so they may the better assume them: and, besides, it is greatness in a man to be the care of the higher powers. LORD BACON: Essay XLI., Of Fortune. Whereas they have sacrificed to themselves, they become sacrifices to the inconstancy of fortune, whose wings they thought by their selfwisdom to have pinioned. LORD BACON. Fortune turneth the handle of the bottle, which is easy to be taken hold of; and after the belly, which is hard to grasp. LORD BACON. Fortune is but a synonymous word for nature and necessity. BENTLEY. It is, I confess, the common fate of men of singular gifts of mind, to be destitute of those of fortune, which doth not any way deject the spirit of wiser judgments, who thoroughly understand the justice of this proceeding; and, being enriched with higher donatives, cast a more careless eye on these vulgar parts of felicity. It is a most unjust ambition to desire to engross the mercies of the Almighty, not to be content with the goods of mind, without a possession of those of body or fortune; and it is an error worse than heresy, to adore these complemental and circumstantial pieces of felicity, and undervalue those perfections and essential points of happiness wherein we resemble our Maker. SIR T. BROWNE: Religio Medici, Part I., xviii. Fortune has been considered the guardian di vinity of fools; and, on this score, she has been accused of blindness; but it should rather be adduced as a proof of her sagacity, when she helps those who certainly cannot help them. selves. COLTON: Lacon. There is some help for all the defects of for tune, for if a man cannot attain to the length of his wishes, he may have his remedy by cutting of them shorter. COWLEY. It is a madness to make Fortune the mistress of events, because in herself she is nothing, but is ruled by prudence. DRYDEN. Why should a reasonable man put it into the power of Fortune to make him miserable, when his ancestors have taken care to release him from her? DRYDEN. Every man is the maker of his own fortune, and must be, in some measure, the trumpet of his fame. DRYDEN. To be thrown upon one's own resources is to be cast in the very lap of fortune; for our faculties then undergo a development, and display an energy, of which they were previously unsusceptible. B. FRANKLIN The Europeans are themselves blind wit describe Fortune without sight. No first-rate beauty ever had finer eyes, or saw more clearly: they who have no other trade but seeking their fortune need never hope to find her; coquet like, she flies from her close pursuers, and at last fixes on the plodding mechanic, who stays at home and minds his business. I am amazed how inen can call her blind, when by the company she keeps she seems so very discerning. Wherever you see a gaming-table, be very sure Fortune is not there; when you see a man whose pocket-holes are laced with gold, be satisfied Fortune is not there; wherever you see a beautiful woman good-natured and obliging, be convinced Fortune is never there. In short, she is ever seen accompanying industry, and as often trundling a wheelbarrow as lolling in a coachand-six. GOLDSMITH: Citizen of the World, Letter LXX. Ill fortune never crushed that man whom good BEN JONSON. fortune deceived not. Let Fortune do her worst, whatever she makes us lose, as long as she never makes us lose our honesty and our independency. POPE. Fortune is nothing else but a power imaginary, to which the successes of human actions and endeavours were for their variety ascribed. SIR W. RALEIGH. We are sure to get the better of Fortune if we do but grapple with her. SENECA. Many have been ruined by their fortunes: many have escaped ruin by the want of fortune. To obtain it, the great have become little, and the little, great. ZIMMERMANN FOX, CHARLES JAMES. But he has put to hazard his ease, his security, his interest, his power, even his darling popularity, for the benefit of a people whom he has never seen. This is the road that all heroes have trod before him. He is traduced and abused for his supposed motives. He will remember that obloquy is a necessary ingredient in the composition of all true glory: he will remember that it was not only in the Roman customs, but it is in the nature and constitution of things, that calumny and abuse are essential parts of triumph. These thoughts will support a mind which only exists for honour under the burden of temporary reproach. He is doing, sires, of any man. indeed, a great good,-such as rarely falls to the lot, and almost as rarely coincides with the dehim give the whole length of the reins to his benevolence. He is now on a great eminence, where the eyes of mankind are turned to him. He may live long, he may do much; but here is the summit: he never can exceed what he BURKE: Speech on Mr. Fox's East India Bill, Dec. 1, 1783. Let him use his time. Let does this day. I confess I anticipate with joy the reward of those whose whole consequence, power, and authority exist only for the benefit of mankind; The worst inconvenience of a small fortune is and I carry my mind to all the people, and all that it will not admit of inadvertency. SHENSTONE. It is a lamentable thing that every man is full of complaints and constantly uttering sentences against the fickleness of Fortune, when people generally bring upon themselves all the calamities they fall into, and are constantly heaping up matter for their own sorrow and disappointment. That which produces the greatest part of the delusions of mankind is a false hope which people indulge with so sanguine a flattery to themselves, that their hearts are bent upon fantastical advantages which they have no reason to believe should ever have arrived to them. By this unjust measure of calculating their happiness, they often mourn with real affliction for imaginary losses. SIR R. STEELE: Spectator, No. 282. The power of fortune is confessed only by the miserable; the happy impute all their success to prudence or merit. SWIFT. We ourselves make our fortunes good or bad; and when God lets loose a tyrant upon us, or a sickness, if we fear to die, or know not to be patient, the calamity sits heavy upon us. JEREMY TAYLOR. the names and descriptions, that, relieved by this bill, will bless the labours of this Parliament, and the confidence which the best House of Commons has given to him who the best deserves it. The little cavils of party will not be heard where freedom and happiness will be felt. There is not a tongue, a nation, or religion in India which will not bless the presiding care and manly beneficence of this House, and of him who proposes to you this great work. Your names will never be separated before the throne of the Divine Goodness, in whatever language, or with whatever rites, pardon is asked for sin, and reward for those who imitate the Godhead in His universal bounty to His creatures. These honours you deserve, and they will surely be paid, when all the jargon of influence and party and patronage are swept into oblivion. I have spoken what I think, and what I feel, of the mover of this bill. An honourable friend of mine, speaking of his merits, was charged with having made a studied panegyric. I don't know what his was. Mine, I am sure, is a studied panegyric, the fruit of much meditation, the result of the observation of near twenty years. For my own part, I am happy that I have lived to see this day; I feel myself over. paid for the labours of eighteen years, when at |