among the people, who constantly applied to him whenever they had need, and were treated with a kindness that did honour to their benefactor.

His many valuable qualities as a gentleman, a Christian. a philosopher, and a public ruler, procured him the universal respect of

colour, and the other, after calcination, of a flesh colour."-Ib., 82.

"1662, June 25. Mr. Winthrop was desired to communicate in writing the manner of making pitch and tar."-Ib., 87.

“1662, July 9. Mr. Winthrop read his history of the making pitch and tar in New-England, and was desired to prosecute it."-Ib., 88. July 16, the paper was finished, and may be found at length in Birch, i., 99-102.

"1662, Sept. 24. Mr. Winthrop read his paper concerning the conveniency of building of ships in some of the northern parts of America; which was ordered to be registered."—Ib., i., 112, 113.

"1662, Dec. 17. Mr. Winthrop, showing the Society some Indian corn, some grains of which were bluish, promised to give them in writing the history of ordering it in the West Indies. He showed also the tail of a rattlesnake, which he said increased every year by one ring, whence the people conjecture the age." -Ib., 162.

"1662, Dec. 31. Mr. Winthrop remarked that there was no right black-lead anywhere except in England and New-England."-Ib., 167.

"1663, Jan. 7. Mr. Winthrop was desired to make experi ment of beer out of barley and maize."-Ib., 171.

"1663, March 11. Mr. Winthrop presented some bottles of beer brewed out of maize bread, which was a pale, well-tasted, middle beer."-Ib., 206.—H.]

the people under his government; and his unwearied attention to the public business, and great understanding in the art of government, were of unspeakable advantage to them. Being one of the commissioners of the United Colonies of New-England in the year 1676, in the height of the first general Indian war, as he was attending the service at Boston, he fell sick of a fever, and died on the 5th of April, in the seventy-first year of his age, and was honourably buried in the same tomb with his excellent father.*+

* Mather's Magnalia.

† [He was twice married. In England to Martha Painter, by whom he had no children, and who died at Ipswich, Mass., soon after the settlement of that place. His second wife, whom he married probably in 1635, was Elizabeth, daughter of the famous Hugh Peters. She bore him two sons and five daughters. Fitz-John, one of his sons, was for many years governor of Connecticut, and Waitstill, or Wait Still, after the revolution of 1689, was chief-justice of Massachusetts.-Winthrop's Jour nal, i., 64, notes.-H.]

VOL. III.-S

XXVI. GEORGE CALVERT, CECILIUS CALVERT, LORDS BALTIMORE. LEONARD CALVERT.

GEORGE CALVERT was descended from a noble family of Flanders, and born at Kipling, in Yorkshire (1582). He received his education at Trinity College, in Oxford, and, after taking his bachelor's degree (1597), travelled over the Continent of Europe. At his return to England in the beginning of the reign of James I., he was taken into the office of Sir Robert Cecil, secretary of state; and when Sir Robert was advanced to be lordhigh-treasurer, he retained Calvert in his service, and employed him in several weighty matters of state.*

* [Sir George was, through the influence of Sir Thomas Wentworth, chosen one of the representatives of Yorkshire in the Parliament of 1620, '21. He was a strenuous defender of the royal prerogative, as appears from the debates in the House of Commons in the Parliament of 1627, '28, on a bill for a free fishery on the coasts of Virginia, New-England, &c., which he opposed as contrary to the king's authority, insisting that "the territory of America, being gotten by conquest, ought to be governed as the king pleases."-Chalmers, 201, and see 114, 115. -H.]

By the interest of Sir Robert, then Earl of Salisbury, he was appointed one of the clerks of the council, and received the honour of knighthood (1617), and in the following year was made secretary of state, in the room of Sir Thomas Lake. Conceiving the Duke of Buckingham to have been instrumental of his preferment, he presented him with a jewel of great value; but the duke returned it, with a message that he owed his advancement to his own merit and the good pleasure of his sovereign, who was fully sensible of it. His great knowledge of public business, and his diligence and fidelity in conducting it, had rendered him very acceptable to the king, who granted him a pension of £1000 out of the customs.

In 1624 he conscientiously became a Roman Catholic, and, having freely owned his principles to the king, resigned his office. This ingenuous confession so affected the mind of James, that he not only continued him on the list of privy counsellors, but created him Baron of Baltimore, in the county of Longford, in Ireland.

While he was secretary of state, and one of the Committee of Trade and Plantations, he obtained from the king a patent for the

southeastern Peninsula of Newfoundland, which he named the Province of Avalon, from Avalonius, a monk, who was supposed to have converted the British King Lucius and all his court to Christianity; in remembrance of which event the Abbey of Glastonbury was founded at Avalon, in Somersetshire. Sir George gave his province this name, imagining it would be the first place in North America where the Gospel would be preached.*

At Ferryland, in his Province of Avalon, he built a fine house, and spent £25,000 in advancing his plantation, which he visited twice in person.† But it was so annoyed by the French, that, though he once repulsed and pursued their ships, and took sixty prisoners, yet he found his province so much exposed to their insults, and the trouble and

* See Collier's Dictionary, and Kippis's Biog. Brit., article Calvert. Fuller's Worthies of England, 202. Camden's Britannia, 63.

+ [The colony in Newfoundland was settled, under the orders of Calvert, by Captain Edward Wynne, in 1621.-Chalmers, 201. He erected granaries, saltworks, &c. The first visit of Sir George was probably in 1625, and the second probably (Chalmers, 201, intimates that he came from England a second time) on his return from Virginia in 1628. Bosman, p. 256, is wrong in saying 1627; for he was active in Parliament in 1627.

H.]