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grounded on the report of the Select Committee on India Affairs. This called up

Gov. Jobnflone, who appealed to the juftice of the Houfe againit voting fpecific refolutions, amounting to a criminal charge, against perfons high in the direction of the East India Company, without feeing the original minutes of the evidence given before the Select Committee on which the report was founded; and moved, That the original minutes of the Select Committee from which the feventh report of the faid committee is founded, be laid upon the table.

Capt. 7. Luttrell feconded the motion. Gen. Smith oppofed it on the ground, that the minutes of the Select Committee were fo interfperfed with matter which, by the orders of the Houfe, was not to be made public, that it was hardly poffible they could be separated.

(To be continued.)

MR. URBAN,

09. 6. AN old gentleman, with whom my N old gentleman, with whom my

was matter of a boarding-school at Peckham in the year 1753, and who knew that I had been a public or private preceptor in the Greek language ever fince that year to the prefent day, defired me to give him a faithful tranflation of the following paffage in Jaflin Martyr, which has been much agitated among the prefent difputants. This talk, however invidious, I could not deny to my old friend; but it became an affair of great delicacy when he requefted me to impart it to the publick through the channel of your Magazine, which hath been long diftinguished for fuch literary communications.

This is the much difputed paffage :Εισι τινες, οἱ φίλοι, έλεγον, απο τον ημετερου γένους ὁμολογοῦντες αυτον Χρισον είναι, ανθρωπον δε εξ ανθρώπων γενομενον αποφαινομένοι· οις ου συντίθεμαι" ουδ' αν πλύνουν, ταύτα μοι δοξάσαντες, ειποιεν. My friends, I faid, there are fome of our Society, who acknowledge him to be Chrift, but affirm him to be a man, born from men, to whom I affent not: neither would the majrity fay it, baving the fame opinion of these things as myself.

The Tives and the wλsso are here evidently oppofed. There were fome Chrif tians, here and there one, a few, who afferted that Chrift was a mere man, generated from men; but the @hus, the majority, the body of Chriftians, were of

a very different opinion, and entertained the fame fentiments with the Martyr. with regard to the pre-existence of our bleffed Lord.

Juftin, in the words immediately fol lowing, afligns the reafon why he himfelf, and most of the Chriftians, faw reafon to differ from thofe who maintained that the origin of Chrift was merely beman: edn, n. T. λ. Since we have been commanded by Chrift himself, says he, nDE to regard buman do&trines, but thofe things which have been preached by the biefed prophets, and taught by himself. The affertions of the ancient prophets, and the exprefs declarations of Chritt, concerning himself, had convinced the pious old man and the body of Chriftians of the preexiftent glory of Chrift.

The Monthly Reviewer, inaccurate in bis verfion, is certainly right in remarking, that this paffage will not proze that the major part of the Chriftians in Juflin Martyr's days were Socinians; though he hath treated Dr. Priefiley, his learned vindicator, whom he infolently calls fle Græculus (I wonder he did not add, with Juvenal, Græculus efuriens), and myfelf with an illiberality and want of candour unworthy a fcholar and a gentleman, affecting to fpeak of "a Dr. Harwood," as if I were fome new or obfcure adventurer in the republic of letters; and confidently declaring that he did not know of my diftreffes when he reviewed my little prac◄ tical treatife on Contentment," though he prefaces his remarks with announcing to the world that dreadful ftroke of the palfy with which it hath pieafed GOD to afflict me.

I have been a conftant reader and fincere friend of the Monthly Review from the beginning, and it really grieves me to make this melancholy reflection, as I amn fhortly to leave this world, and have ever been the advocate of rational reltgion, That though the Monthly Reviewers, ever fince the commencement of the Review in 1749, have differed on a variety of fubjects which have occafionally come before their tribunal, yet they have, to their everlafting honour, UNIFORMLY fet their faces against the Trinitatian idolatry, TILL last month, September 1783, when they recommended to the reader's judgement, and to the decifion of our unhappy controverfies, the authority of BISHOP BULL, the great champion of the Athanafian mummery. Yours, &c. EDW. HARWOOD. Hyde Street, Bloomsbury.

MR.

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MR. URBAN, Oxford, O&. 15.
N anfwer to the queftion concerning

IN
the author of "Pluralities Indefen-
"fible," and the founder of Hertford
College in this University: The former
was the work, as the latter was the act,
of the fame perfon, Dr. Richard New-
ton, a Northamptonshire gentleman, edu-
cated at Westminster-fchool, from whence
he became ftudent of Christ Church, and
an eminent tutor in that large feminary.
No one man was called forth fo often to
preach, in the latter end of Qu. Anne's
time, and the beginning of K. George I,
as Dr. N.-In the Lift of Oxford Gra-
duates he is thus diftinguished: "New-
"ton, Richard, Christ Church, M. A.
"April 12, 1701; B. D. March 18,
66 1707; Hart Hall, D. D. December
7, 1710."-As foon as he was ap.
pointed principal of Hart Hall, he took
the degree of D. D; and in 1740 ob-
tained the charter to convert Hart Hall
into Hertford College, of which he was
founder, at a confiderable expence to
himself, great aids from his numerous
friends, and 100ol. at leaft by his publi-
cation of "Theophraftus," with his ad-
mirable English notes.
"Pluralities In-
"defenfible" was published about 1749,
in answer to the learned Wharton on
Pluralities. Dr. N. has not been, and
probably never will be, anfwered. Hart
Hall was an appendage to Exeter Col-
lege. Dr. N. wrefted it from its depend-
ence on Exeter College. The famous
Dr. Conybeare, rector of Exeter Col-
lege, afterwards dean of Chrift Church,
and bishop of Bristol, oppofed Dr. New
ton's project of obtaining his charter;
and never, perhaps, were two people bet-
ter pitted for a controverfy, which de-
ferved to be collected, for the language,
as well as Junius's Letters. Dr. Newton
went to Cambridge, to fuperintend the
education of the Duke of Newcastle and
Harry Peiham. When Pelham was mi-
nifter, that station corrupted the man,
and made him like other minifters; for
when he was asked why he did not place,
in proper fiation, the able and meritori-
ous Dr. Newton, he faid, "How could
"I do it? he never asked me;" forget-
ting his tutor.-Mr. Pelham more than
once employed Dr. N. to furnish king's
fpeeches.-A little before Dr. N.'s death,
which happened in 1753, he was appoint-
ed canon of Chrift Church, which he held
with his principal hip of Hertford Col
lege. His "Sermons" are foon to fee
the light.
P. D.

MR. URBAN,

NOTE

OTHING can be better adapted to the genius of the prefent inquifitive age than your late adopted plan. Queries often bring truths to light which were before latent in the bofom of modest obfcurity. Profeffional knowledge can fometimes antwer a queftion ftarted by. curiolity, and fatisfy an enquiring mind on a fubject which could not be generally known; and thus fcience and art become more univerfalle illustrated,

I fhould be glad to be informed, by. fome of your correfpondents, who was the author (writers or compilers) of that vaft heap of combuftible divinity, intituled, The Illuftration of the Holy "Scriptures," printed at Sherborne in Dorfetthire, in three volumes in folio.Mr. Selion, of Clerkenwell, has written a judicious pamphlet against this enormous publication, but has not informed the publick who were the authors.

Your correfpondent and the publick would be glad of information on the rife of circulating libraries, and who were the firft that were fo obliging as to lend out their books to the world by fubfcription. I am certain the custom began very late in the prefent century. From the contents of fome letters now before me, this practice was not in vogue fo early as the year 1724; for one friend laments to another (from the diflance of but few miles) that literature was not communicated in London as in foreign cities, where libraries were acceffible to all the curious. The fame perfon, a few years afterwards (April 30, 1728), adds, "I hear that your great bookfeller, Awn"fham Churchill, is dead: he had a great "ftock, and printed many books, and I "hope the fale of his effects will throw "a plenty of books on the city of Lon"don, and reduce their prefent high "price."-Mr. Granger has mentioned this Awnfham Churchill as the greatest bookfeller and ftationer of his time; but does not mention the time of his death, which happened April 24, 1728, according to a Weekly Journal, published at that time, now before me, and which fays, further, that he reprefented the borough of Dorchester, co Dorfet.

Who is fuppofed to have written the popular pamphlets intituled, "The Vir"gin in Eden," "The Eternity of Hell "Torments+," and feveral others with very loquacious titles, ali published about 60 years ago? One Povey, a physician, is faid to have been the author.

His Theophraftus" did not appear in print till after his death, being published by his fucceffor, Dr. William Sharp. EDIT. +I diftinguish between this and that written by Whiston.

MR. URBAN, York, Feb. 26, 1783. IF the following remarks come within the compafs of the Gentleman's Magazine, the inferting them, as a means of having the Jubject further difcuffed by fome of your learned cor. refpondents, will be efteemed a favour, by EBORACENSIS,

THE defire of diving into futurity, and enquiring into whatever may hap pen to us as individuals, feems to have been univerfal among mankind; hence the origin of oracles. This difpofition, in remote ages, wherein ignorance na. turally introduced credulity and fuper ftition, was a strong and refiftlefs im preffion; but, as a morning mit before the fun, has now nearly vanished before the influence of an enlightened philofophy and true religion.

It yet retains a question, not only curious but important; By what means the oracular refponfes were delivered? few, I fuppofe, will now, as formerly was the caie, admit of fupernatural agency, and refer them all in the lump to the operation of demons. Such ora cles are here understood as were anfwered vocally; the most famous of which were, that of Jupiter in Dodo.. na's grove, and of the Pythian Apollo at Delphi. In the firft, the oaks are faid to have been vocal, and foretold things to come; in the latter, the Py thoncfs, inflated with the prophetic vapours, divined in Greek hexameters, It is unneceffary here to enter into the first rife of fuperftition and idolatry, which forms fo curious a part of the hiftory of the human mind, it will be fufficient to refer to Mr. Bryant's dearn ed Analysis of ancient Mythology.

It is certam, that the oracles had loft much of their credit in the latter times of paganifin; this may be collected from fome paffages in Strabo, Juve nal, and Plutarch. The latter accounts forst in a pious manner: “perhaps, says he, the Genii prefiding over oracles are not immortal, or the Pythom vapours illuing out of the earth are now exhausted.

But the true reafon was, the improvement of the human mind gradually brought about by the udy of philofophy, and improved by focial intercourfe. For we find, that in the dark periods which fucceeded the ravages and deftruction made by the Goths in Italy, in which all learning and interourfe were ftopped for ages, oracular GENT. MAG. Od. 1783.

fuperbitions were revived, and that pretty univerfally, as may be gathered from the laws enacted against those who confulted oracles by Theodofius and Valeminian, Even to this day, traces of it are to be found among the ignorant part of mankind; all the thunders of the Papal fee were not able totally to cradicate this excrefcence of uncultirated minds, without the affistance of learning and philofophy.

I doubt not but the answers were delivered by perfons who poffeffed the faculty of ventriloquifm: this has been fuggefted by fome of the moderns, and it will appear that the ancients were well acquainted with the fact, For the wonderful effects of this faculty, I refer to a work published upon the fubjet by Monf. de la Chapelle, F. R. S. of whom an account is given in the Appendix to the Monthly Review, 1772.

Mr. Goodwin (in his Mofes and Aaron, lib. 4. p. 193) is the firft among the moderns that I know of, who attributes the oracular refponfes to ventrioloquifm: his words, fpeaking of fuch kinds of divination as were forbidden, are, “ The fifth, Schoel Ob, a confulter with Ob, or familiar fpirits. Ob fignifies properly a bottle, and is applied in divers places of fcripture to magicians, becaufe being poffeffed an evil fpirit, fpeaking with a foft hollow voice, as out of a bottle. The Greeks call them Engaftrimuthi, Ventriloqui, fuch whofe yoice feemeth to proceed out of their belly."

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Monf. de la Chapelle, in the work referred to above, obferves that fome faint traces of this peculiar faculty are to be found in the writings of the ancients: and thinks that the refponfes of many of the ancient oracles were delivered by perfons poffelfed of this faculty, fo well adapted to fuperftitious delufioz.

The following paffage, from Hippocrates, confirms this conjecture; and as it feems to have efcaped general notice, I will mfert it at large:

In the winter feafon, the wife of Polymarchus was troubled with a quinfey; her throat fwelled, with much fever: being bled, the fwelling abated, but the fever continued. On the fifth day her left knee was affected with a painful fwelling; and it appeared as if fomething was gathering about

+ De Cor. Morb, vulg. lib. v. Fœlii.

the

the region of the breaft; fhe breathed as thofe do who are plunged in water, and emitted a found from the breaft in the manner of propheteffes inflated by the Pythons, who, pronouncing ora. cles from the belly, are called Engaftri muthi, or Ventriloquists."

This paffage, a very curious one in many refpects, fhews that the answers of the ancient oracles were delivered by Ventriloquifts, and as fuch known to the Pagan philofophers in very early ages, though probably by them efteemed as a fupernatural effect, a divine flatus. It fhews alfo, that by a fudden change in the ftate of the organs of fpeech, induced by an inflamatory difcafe, a woman became a temporary ventriloquift. And I think we may hence conclude, that this faculty, hap. pily for mankind, cannot, as Mr. de la Chapelle conjectures, be attained by dint of practice; but, as depending upon fome peculiar ftate or formation of the organs of speech, must be congenial with the ventrioloquift.

Suffer me just to obferve, that ventriloquifm fecms not to have been uncommon among the Jews, and was by them attributed to the operation of evil fpirits; this appears from feveral parts of holy writ, efpecially from Ifaiah xxix. 4, And thou fhalt be brought down, and fhall fpeak out of the ground, and thy fpeech fhall be low out of the duft, and thy voice fhall be as of one that hath a familiar fpirit out of the ground, and thy fpeech thall whisper out of the

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duft."

MR. URBAN,

Aug. 18. looking over your last month's

changed the fpelling of his name from Bradshaw.

Permit me in the name, I will venture to fay, of many of your readers, to return thanks to your correfpondent at Richmond for the very curious account, with which he has favoured the public, of the Rev. fathers Petre and Huddleftone.

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In a note in p. 573, you fay that Abp. Tillotson's Letter to Lord Shrewsbury, on his Return to Popery, is already printed in Dr. Birch's Life of his Grace" that Letter to the noble Earl (afterwards Duke) bears date 22d April, 1679, and was defigned to convert his Lordship from the Romish to the Proteftant religion, which it was a principal means of effecting, and in which laft perfuafion he continued till his death on the 1ft Feb. 1717-18. The letter is divided into three heals: 1. The Reasonablenefs of Men's examining the Ground of their Religion. 2. A Comparison between the Proteftant Religion and that of the Church of Rome. And 3. A Difcourfe against Tranfubftantiation. The two first of thefe were published under the name of "A Diffuafive from Popery," by Bro therton in 1766, and are faid to have been written by the Abp, "when Dean of Canterbury," a dignity which I am inclined to think he never had, having been Dean of St. Paul's+. The third was published feparately in 1728, and contains more than twice as much as both the two former: being printed much of a size, (though the paper and letter are very different) they will bear to be bound together.

The perfon that Sir Richard, Onflow

Ivaluable Miscellany, l'obferve your withed to bring in with himself for the

correfpondent at Huddersfield refers to an inquiry made in a former Magazine about the infamous Prefident of the pretended High Court of Juftice." I do not remember what fatisfaction the inquirer received, but perhaps he may receive fome information upon the fub. ject from the Univerfal Magazine for July 1751, where is a fac fimile of the original warrant for the murther of the King, and in that and the following numbers fome memoirs of each of the regicides. He appears by the warrant to have figned his name Jo. Bradshawe; and I apprehend, by the feal, bore the fame aims as the prefent Sir Roger Bradfhaigh, Bart. a branch of whofe family he may perhaps have been, as an ancestor of the Baronet's

county of Surrey in 1710 (see`p. 576) was probably his former colleague, Sir William Scawen: two lines after that, for gentleman read gentlemen: the late Earl of Aylesford died 5th May, 1777, not 1771: the prefent Earl was born 15th July, N. S. 1751.

I fhould imagine that your correfpondent H. T. in pp. 577 and 8 has never feen a curious book, which I fancy he would be much entertained with, as it feems quite congenial with his fubject, namely, Obfervations on

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Popular Antiquities: including the whole of Mr. Bourne's Antiquitates Vulgares, with Addenda to every chapter of that Work: as alfo an Appendix, containing fuch Articles on the Subject as have been omitted by that Author: by John Brand, B. Á. of Lincoln college, Oxford.' Mr. B. dates his Preface from Newcastle, 27th Nov, 1776, where the book was printed, Yours, &c. E.

A perfect Lift of the Recorders of London fince the Refloration; in which some fmall Additions are made to, and Errors corrected in, the Lift in the Statefman's Remembrancer, and that in our XIXth volume, p. 535.

W!!

WILLIAM WYLDE, of the Inner Temple, 3d Nov. 1659: afterwards a Serjeant, King's Serjeant, and Juftice of both Benches.

John Howell, Deputy Recorder, 1668 furrendered..

William Doiben, of the Inner Tem ple, 1676: afterwards King's Serjeant, and Justice of the King's Bench.

Sir George Jeffreys, of the Inner Temple, Common Serjeant, 1678: afterwards a Serjeant, King's Serjeant, Chief Juftice of the King's Bench, and Lord Chancellor.

George Treby, of the Middle Temple, 1680, afterwards knighted, and Ld Chief Juftice of the Common Pleas.

Thomas Jennor, by commiffion, 3d Qa. 1683: by another commiffion 9th Feb. 1684: made a Baron of the Exchequer.

Sir John Holt, by commiffion, 13th Feb. 1685.

Sir John Tate, Serjeant at Law, by commiflion, 11th or 12th May 1687: revoked 11th Feb. following.

Sir Bartholomew Shower, by commiffion, 11th or 20th Feb. 1687.

Sir George Treby, reinflated 1690: made Chief Juftice of the Common Pleas, 30th April, 1692.

Sir Salathiel Lovell, Serjeant at Law, 10th June, 1692; made a Baron of the Exchequer.

Sir John Strange, Solicitor General, Nov. 1739: refigned: afterwards Mafter of the Rolls.

Sir Simon Urlin, Serjeant at Law, Dec. 1742: died 3d May, 1746. John Stracey, May 1746: knighted 748: died 28th Dec. 1748.

Richard Adams, 17th Jan. 1748-98 made a Baron of the Exchequer in Jan. 1753.

Sir William Moreton, Feb. 1753: died 14th March, 1763.

James Eyre, 7th April, 1763: refigned 28th Oct. 1772. upon being made a Barop of the Ecchequer.

John Glyns, Serjeant at Law, Nov. 1772: died 16th Sept. 1799. James Adair, Serjeant at Law, Oct,

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Original Lettter from the late Rev. Mr.
Coftard, of Twickenham.
Dear Sifter,

Sir Peter King, of the Inner Temple, 2708: made a Juftice of the Common OXFORD not affording any thing

Pleas, 27th Oct. 1714; afterwards Chief Justice of the fame Court, and Lord Chancellor,

Sir William Thompfon, of the Middle Temple, 1714: afterwards Solicitor General, and a Baron of the Exche:: died 27th O&. 1739. quer:

worth your knowledge, and having obferved in you a particular taste for tragedy; becaufe I would not have you, like the generality of mankind, approve without reafon, and diflike they know not why, I thought I could not employ this opportunity better than in fending

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