the public expence. From Paris he went to Italy, ftaid at Rome fix months, received from the king of the Two Sicilies a copy of the Antiquities of Herculaneum, and from the Duke of Parma the Museum Florentinum. He came to England at the beginning of the late king's reign, and left it the day that P. Courayer, driven out of Patis by theological difputes, arrived in London. He was now honoured with a canonry of St. Thomas, one of the moft diftinguished Lutheran chapters, and vifited Paris a third time in 1728. Several differtations by him are inferted in the Me moirs of the Academy of Inferiptions and Belles Lettres; one afcribing the invention of moveable types to Guttenborg of Strasbourg, 1440, against Meer

man.

In 1733 he narrowly escaped from a dangerous illnefs. He had long medi

tated one of thofe works, which alone by their importance, extent, and difficulty, might immortalite a fociety, a Hiftory of Alface. To collect materials for this, he travelled into the Low Countries and Germany 1738, and into Switzerland 1744. At Prague he found that the fragment of St. Mark's Gofpel fo carefully kept there is a continuation of that at Venice. The Chancellor D'Agueffeau fent for him to Paris, 1746, with the fame view. His plan was to write the Hiftory of Alface, and to illuftrate its geography and policy be fore and under the Romans, under the Franks, Germans, and its prefent governors; and in 1751 he prefented it to the K. of France, who had before ho noured him with the title of Hiftoriographer Royal and Counsellor, and then gave him an appointment of 2000 livres, and a copy of the catalogue of the royal library. He availed himfelf of this opportunity to plead the privileges of the Proteftant university of Strasbourg, and obtained a confirmation of them. His 2d volume appeared in 1761, and he had prepared, as four fupplements, a collection of charters and records, an ecclefiaftical hiftory, a literary hiftory, and a lift of authors who have treated of Alface: the publication of these he recommended to Mr. Koch, his affiftant and fucceffor in his chair. Between thefe two volumes he published his indicia Celtica, in which he examines the origin, revolution, and language of the Celts. The Hiftory of Baden was his laft confiderable work, a duty which he thought he owed his country. He com

pleted this hiftory in feven volumes in four years; the firft appeared in 1763, the laft in 1766. Having by this hiftory illuftrated his country, he prevailed upon the Marquis of Baden to build a room, in which all its ancient monuments were depofited in 1763. He engaged with the Elector Palatine to found the academy of Manheim. He pronounced the inaugural difcourse, and furnished the electoral treasury with antiques. He opened the public meetings of this academy, which are held twice a year, by a difcourfe as honorary prefident. He proved in two of thefe difcourfes, that no Electoral Houfe, no Court in Germany, had produced a greater number of learned princes than the Electoral Houfe. In 1766 he prefented to the Elector the first volume of the Memoirs of a Rifing Academy*, and promited one every two years.

A friend to humanity, and not in the leaft jealous of his literary property, he made his library public. It was the most complete in the article of history that ever belonged to a private perfon, rich in MSS. medals, infcriptions, figures, vafes, and ancient inftruments of every kind, collected by him with great judgement in his travels. All thefe, in his old age, he made a prefent of to the city of Strafbourg, without any other condition except that his library fhould be open both to foreigners and his own countrymen. The city however rewarded this difinterefted liberality by a penfion of 100 louis. He was admitted to the debates in the fenate upon this occafion, and there complimented the fenate and the city on the favour they had fhewn to literature ever fince its re vival in Europe. Nov. 22, 1770, clofed the fiftieth year of the profefforfhip of Mr. S; this was celebrated by a public feftival, the univerfity affembled, and Mr. Lobstein, their orator, pronounced before them a difcourfe in praife of this extraordinary man, and the whole folemnity concluded with a grand entertainment. Mr. S. feemed born to outhve himself. Mr. Ring, one of his pupils, printed his life in 1769. In 1771 he was attacked by a flow fever, oc

AWNSHAM Churchill (fee p. 937.) published Mr. Locke's firft pieces on religious fubjects; his "Reafonablenefs of Chriftianity," 1696, and Bp. Wynne's Abridgement of it; and a Collection of Papers by Mr. Locke, $696. Kettlewell's Sermons, 1698; and his Offices for Prifoners, 1697. Burridge's" Hiftoria Mutationum in Anglia," 1697. Whitby's "Ufeful nefs of Chriftian Revelation," 1705. "Proteftant Reconciler," 1683. "De Scripturæ Interpretatione," 1714. "Difquifitions on Bp. Bull's Defence of the Nicene Faith," 1718. Gibson's" Anatomy," 1697. Torriano's "Introduction to the Italian Language," 1689. Shower's "Parliamentary Cafes," 1698. Evelyn's" Gardener's Calendar," 1698. Telemachus in English, 1713. Bp. Kennet's Cafe of Impropriations," 1704. Mafter's "Duty of Submiffion to Providence," 1689. Strype's "Survey of London," 1720.

He also made and printed the Collection of Voyages known by his name, in 4 vols. fol. to which Mr. Locke (who was very fond of voyages) wrote a preface, and to which T. Oborne put a new title 1745, to make an appearance of a 2d edition.

Thefe are but a few of what might be recited, if our makers of book-cata: logues paid that attention to the names of the publishers that was firft done by the collector of the Hoblyn library, in his own private catalogue, fince printed 1769, and lefs uniformly, by Mr. Paterfon in his Catalogue of Mr. Croft's Library.

nefs. She carried on the business till her fon arrived at the age of 17, whe continued it after her death*, and married, firft, Elizabeth Prudom, by whom he had no living iffue; and afterwards Edith, only daughter of Benj. Wigley, of Wirksworth, efq; by whom he has one fon and one daughter now living. Mr. A. with Mr. Tho. Willington, druggist at Nottingham, printed Dr. Deering's Hiftory of Nottingham, 1751,

4to. being at the expence of all the plates, except the W. view of Mr. Plumptre's houfe, given by that gentleman. The late Mr. Ayfcough at his death was in his 69th year.

Dr. DEERING, alias DOZRING, took the degree of M. D. at Leyden. His diploma and the feal of the college were placed by Mr. Ayscough in a copy of his book of Plants about Not tingham. Soon after he came to London, he was appointed fecretary to the British Ambaffador to Ruffia. On his return he married, but his wife died foon after he went to Nottingham, where he was at first well received, but his unaccountable temper foon alienated his best friends from him, and the capricioufnefs of his palate made him perpetually finding fault with the table at which he boarded. Thus almoft reduced to poverty, he applied himself to John Plumptre, efq; to affift him in compiling a Hiftory of Nottingham; and was by him generously affifted and furnifhed with most of the materials. But as this was a work of time, he died of poverty and a broken heart before it was published. Such was the pride of his fpirit, that receiving half a guines from Mrs. Turner, a Lincolnshire lady, who then boarded in Nottingham, by the hands of his landlord, the only reply he made was, "If you had stabbed me to the heart I thould have thanked you, but this I cannot bear." He lived but a fhort time after. Before his laft illness his friends bought him an elec trical machine, whereby he got a little money; and then he was made an offi cer in the Nottingham foot, raised on account of the rebellion in 1745 and

On a flab on the floor of the S. aile of

St. Peter's church, Nottingham, is this infeription:

Heie lye the bodies of William Ayfcough, printer and bookfeller of this town, and Anre his wife: the was daughter of the Rev. Mr. Young, rector of Catwick, in the county of York. He died March 2, 1719; he died Dec. 16, 1732."

746, but this was only an expence to him. He ufed to fay all his helps hurt him, as being attended with more coft than profit. Though he was mafter of nine languages, he would obferve that every little fchoolmafter could maintain himfelf, which was more than he, with all his knowledge, could do. He died fo poor that there was not a fufficiency to bury him, and the corporation were about to take his few effects for that purpose, when Mr. Ayfcough and Mr. Willington adminiftered as his principal creditors, and buried him genteelly in St. Peter's church-yard.

He published" A Catalogue of Plants growing about Nottingham, Nott. 1738," 8vo. ; and" An Account of an improved Method of treating the Small-pox; in a fhort Letter to Sir Thomas Parkyns, Bart. Nott. 1737," 8vo. *: and wrote a Latin account of the tranfactions of the Nottinghamshire Horfe, which was put up under their colours after their return from Scotland. All these were printed by Mr. Ayscough, who had feveral fmall books in MS. of his writing.

Tranflation of a Letter from a Frenchmant, who thinks that the Virtues of Savages are more pure than thofe of

civilized Nations.

I AM at length, my dear Alice,

in

that barbarous, fierce, cruel, inhuman nation, against which all the world feems to have confpired, and which the has had the ftrength and courage to refift. The English are, in fact, a people very favage, and very extraordinary. They are pofitively to civilifed nations what gold is to lead.

Its territory, which, including Scot land and Ireland, is to France what 20 are to 50, and which fupports ten millions of favages, contains, by the avowal even of its enemies, and of all who are open to conviction, 1. the most intelligent natural philofophers, though they have neither invented baloons, nor gaz, nor bladders, nor difcovered the philofopher's ftone, nor the quadrature of the circle, nor perpetual motion: 2. the moft induftrious artifts. Their agriculture has a viñible fuperiority over that of people who call themfelves huf

bandmen. Navigation and commerce are there at the height of perfection. The women there are charming, fair as the lily, crimson as the rofe; and yet these people, Alice, perfect in every thing effential to human happiness, are favage and barbarous. Good-natured, courteous, civilifed nations, who agree fincerely that their reafon is impaired, have thus determined.

The English have that affured outward demeanour which is infpired by a fenfible fuperiority lawfully acquired by courage, labour, and industry: civi lifed people call it pride. With them you must be humble and cringing, like fettered flaves. We are not allowed to be men but among favages, who ftill live under the fhade of liberty.

Come, my dear Alice, come and fee the admirable effects of this fhade; you will then understand what they would be if they had the reality .

You will contemplate fome healthy and robuft beings, created, no doubt, long after civilifed nations; ftil! bearing the ftamp of God who has formed them; letting their hair, full of strength and vigour, fall over a high forehead, over two thick eye-brows, over eyes lively and fprightly; talking little, thinking inuch. Their fouls are truly

fenfible. They abhor blood-fhed, de

teft knavery, and are fincere friends. They have not that fraudulent civility, thofe elegant manners, which announce ignorance, craft, and folly; but they have that candour with which pure nature infpires all who attach themfelves to her facred laws.

In fpite of all this, divine Alice, they are greatly reproached: 1. They are ferious. They do not give themfelves up to that foolish gaiety which is drowned foon after in tears and fighs; but in revenge they have minds always even and tranquil. 2. They love their meat raw, yet have it better dreffed than civilifed people, who take it for meat not dreffed at all; becaufe its juices, which are not white, appear red-to those who do not fee clear at mid-day. 3. Their rejoicing days are fad: they refort only to the churches and taverns; the hops are fhut, as in well-governed cities; blindnefs and religion are fynonymous; for

which you will lavish upon them without fear, will fubfide to have the pleasure of poffelling them still lon ger. They will not prostitute them. It is only in the flood of the foolish thoughts of men that virtue need fear rocks. It is only among civilifed nations that every thing concurs to make us forget the dignity of our existence; to fow the feed of death where God has placed that of life; rage and despair where he created every thing that might enfure the happiness of a being endued with understanding and reafon.

Among these favages, happy Alice, virtue is in fafety; every thing there is the fource of happiness, the principle of life, activity; dife is a great boons death a gentle paffage to repofe and the bofom of God. Among these fierce, cruel, barbarous, inbuman people, there is no reafon to fear the fanguinary civility of thofe young lunatics, who, with you, are delirous of cutting their own throats, because they are weary of life*; because they take day for 'might, the setting for the rifing of the fun, &c.

Set out, Alice, come, run, fly into my arms. I fhall not be eafy till you Live among favages. Adieu.

MR. URBAN,

Yo OUR correfpondent H. S. in your laft Magazine, p. 904, is deceived with respect to the timber on the moun- . tains in former times. I have been feveral times on thofe which are near Marr Lodge, a feat of Lord Fife's, on Dee fide, and have feen feveral roots nearly rotten, and holes out of which roots have been dug. The trees were not cut down, but burned down during the difputes of the Highland Clans. I cannot but add, that there are fome firs in Marr foreft, which measure near 13 feet round, but there are no old trees in Scotland except firs.

Thofe who with to fee an account of Marr Lodge, and the environs; may find one in Cordiner's Appendix to Pennant's

"In the latt journey which I took in France, a civilifed man ufed his utmost endeavours at Amiens to perfuade me to ftab him. His brain was clouded with the fumes of wine; he mifunderftood what I had faid, and he would be difpatched. I beheld him with an eye of pity; he was filent.

"Happy is he who does not meet every minute with fuch favages. They fwarm among civilifed people. They are fo civil, that before they murder they are accustomed to falute each other."

Gent. Mag. December, 1783.

Tour through Scotland. He is a fighty pompous writer, but may in fome de gree be depended on. Yours, &c. No SCOTCHMAN. P.S. The poor Highlanders burnthete roots, in thin fripes, for candles.

HINT, recommended to the Attention of Naturalifts who manage BEES; from Mr. BROMWICH's Experienced Bee-Keeper (Reviewedinp. 329-)

HE firft Mr. Wildman, who thew

Tee experiments on bees (for his

namefake, who now keeps a hop in Holborn, was not the original discoverer of the method of handling bees, or that published the quarto volume concerning them by fubfcription), having doubted whether all the young ones, bred in a hive, proceeded from the queen bee, made the following experiment. He caught a queen, and tied her by a thread,

fo that he could not wander but a few inches; he found notwithstanding egge foon afterwards depofited in cells to which he could not reach. This feemed decifive against the one mother bee; but a day or two after, more narrowly obferving what paffed in the hive, he faw the working bees carrying the eggs from the faid mother, or queen bee, and depofiting them for her in the distant cells. This curious fact is recommended to the notice of fuch bee-mafters as have a facility in catching the queen at pleasure.

MR. URBAN,

D.

Nov. 29.

HE following analysis of the Lift T of Eaft India Proprietors qualified to vote on the 14th of April laft, diftinguishing those who are fubjects of Great Britain, refiding in England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, St. Helena, the Exit Indies, &c. from foreigners, residing in Holland, Geneva, &c. was drawn up amufement. Thinking it might be acby a friend for his own information and ceptable to your readers, I defired permilhon to fend you a copy of it. Yours,

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