you don't know the art of getting quit of your wives. I'll tell you how I do. 'I am called a very good husband; and fo I am; for I never contradict them. But don't you know that the want of contradiction is fatal to women? If 'you contradi& them, that circumstance alone is exercife and health, et optima them their own way, and they will languifh and pine, become grofs and lethargic for want of this exercife.' as his difpofition; he was humane, benevolent, compaffionate, and generous: his humanity was confpicuous in his profeffion; when exercifed towards the feamen, the fenfibility and attention of a commander they adored, was the moft flattering relief that could be afforded to the fufferings or diftreffes of thofe who ferved with him; when ex-medicamenta, to all women. But give erted towards her enemies, it did honour to his country, by exemplifying, in the moft ftriking manner, that generofity which is the peculiar characteristic, and moft diftinguished virtue, of a brave, free, and enlightened people. In other fituations, his liberality was extenfive without oftentation, and generally beftowed where it would be moft felt and leaft feen, upon modeft merit and filent diftrefs. His friendships were warm and permanent beyond the grave, extending their influence to thofe who fhared the affections, or enjoyed the patronage of their objects. His refentment was open, and his forgivene's fincere. It was the effect, perhaps the weakneis, of an exalted mind, that with him an injury which he had forgiven was as thong a claim to his protection as a favour received could be to his gratitude. “This bright picture is not without its fhades; he had faults; the impetuofity of his nature, and the eagernels with which he purfued his objects, carried him, fometimes, lengths not juftifiable; and the high opinion he justly entertained of his own parts made him too cafily the dupe and prey of intereffed and defigning perfons, whom his cooler judgement would have detefted and defpifed, had they not had cunning enough to difcover and flatter his vanity, and fufficient art to avail themflves of arlitics which they did not poffefs. But let it be remembered, that his failings were thofe of a warm temper and unguarded difpofition, his virtues thofe of an heart formed for every thing amiable in private,every thinggreat in public life." MR. URBAN, I AM this moment reading your Gent. Mag. of June, where you introduce Jones's anecdote of Bp. Thomas. He was a man of humour and droilery. I remember perfectly well, at a vifitation, his giving us an account of his being married 4 times; and,' fays he, chear fully, thould my prefent wife die, I will take another; and it is my opinion" (adds he) ‘I shall furvive her. Perhaps If you recollect Bp. T, he fquinted much. He was entertaining the company with a humorous account of fome man. In the midst of his flory he ftopt fhort, and faid the fellow quinted molt hideously; and then, turning his ugly face in all the fquinting attitudes he could, till the company were upon the full laugh, he added, and I hate your fquinting fellows.' Don't you think thofe letters of Mr. Jones, in Gent. Mag. which relate to Dr. Young, carry fomething of a contradition with them? The 2 or 3 first, where he thinks the Dr. has flighted him, have fomething rather fevere against the Dr. and the lady who kept his houfe, who, I thoroughly believe, lived as innocently as if they had been 100 miles afinder. But view Mr. J.'s laft letter. How wonderfully is that gentleman altered by the confideration of the legacy, and the notice taken of him there! From this I conclude, that Mr. J. had not fo many virtues as the Doctor; and that the firft was more pettish, jealous, and from his temper more liable to fuppofe affronts, than the latter was inclined to do any injury. I never heard Dr. Yarborough tell the ftory of Gen. Sabin's wife's apparition, but have heard the following ftory of the Door. A neighbouring ratcal broke into is noufe, with intent to rob and murder him. It was fo light the Dr. foon recollected the man, as he was a tradefman he dealt with, and expoftulated with him on the bafenefs of his intention. The fellow faid he was undone without fuch a fum of money, which was a pretty large Well, go home, (lays the Dr.) keep you your fecret, and I will keep it for you; the money you fhall have; behave well, and nobody, while I live, fhall know any thing of it.'-The Dr. (it is reported) punctually performed his promife, was afte: ards kind to the man, nor was it thoroughly known, though there were always fufpicions of it, till after the Doctor's death. one. MR. I "hand that they by palmistry could tell "men's and women's fortunes; and fo many times by craft and fubtilty have "deceived the people of their money, and alfo have committed many heinous "felonies and robberies." Wherefore they are directed to avoid the realm, and not to return under pain of imprifon ment, and forfeiture of their goods and chattels; and upon their trials for any felony which they may have committed, they fhall not be entitled to a jury de me dietate lingua. And afterwards it is enacted, by ftatutes 1 and 2 Ph. and Mary, c. 4. and 5 Eliz. c. 20. that if any fuch perfons fhall be imported into the kingdom, the importer fhall forfeit 40!. And if the Egyptians themfelves remain one month in the kingdom, or if any perfon being 14 years old, whether natural-born fubject or ftranger, which hath been feen or found in the fellowship of fuch Egyp tians, or which hath difguifed him or herself like them, fhall remain in the fame one month at one or feveral times, it is felony without benefit of clergy. And Sir M. Hale informs us, that at one Suffolk affizes, no less than 13 perfons were executed upon these ftatutes a few years before the Reftoration. But, to the honour of our national humanity, there are no inftances more modern than this of carrying thefe laws into practice. "They are a ftrange kind of commonwealth among themfelves of wandering impoftors and jugglers, who made their first appearance in Germany about the beginning of the 16th century. Munfter, it is true, who is followed and relied upon by Spelmant, fixes the time of their first appearance to the year 1417, but as he owns that the first whom he ever faw were in 1529, it is probably an error of the prefs for 1517, efpecially as other hiftorians ‡ inform us, that when fultan Selim conquered Egypt in the year 1517, several of the natives refufed to fubmit to the Turkish yoke, and revolted under one Zinganeus, whence the Turks call them Zingapees; but being at length furrounded and banished, they agreed to difperfe in fmall parties all over the world, where their fuppofed kill in the black art gave them an univerfal reception in that age of fuperftition and credulity. In the compafs of a very few years they gained fuch a number of idle profelytes (who imitated their language and complexion, and betook themfelves to the fame arts of chiromancy, begging, and pilfering), that they became troublesome, and even formidable, to moft of the ftates of Europe. Hence they were expelled from France in the year 1560, and from Spain in 1591§. And the government of England took the alarm much carlier, for in 1530 they are defcribed by Stat. 22 H. VIII. c. 1o. as " an outlandish "people calling themfelves Egyptians, "ufing no craft nor feat of merchandize, "who have come into this realm, and gone from thire to thire, and place to "place, in great company, and ufed great, fubtle, and crafty means to de- Pafquier feems to refer to a like fet of ceive the people; bearing them in people in the following account of them Colmog. III. + Gloffar. p. 193. Mod. Un. Hift. XLIII. 272. Dufresne, Gluff. p. 200. Hale's Pleas of the Crown, p. 671. It is more than probable, that the remains of that gang may be the race of Saeelers alluded to in laft Mag. p. 904. EDIT. ++ Bura's Justice, IV. 352. 1780. GENT. MAG. December, 1783. "In Scotland they feem to have enjoyed fome fhare of indulgence; for a writ of privy feal, dated 1594, fupports John Faw, lord and earl of Little Egypt, in the execution of justice on his company and folk, conform to the laws of Egypt, and in punishing certain perfons there named who rebelled against him, left him, robbed him, and refufed to return home with him**. James's subjects are commanded to aflift in apprehending them, and in affifting Faw and his adherents to return home. There is a like writ in his favour from Mary Q. of Scots 1553, and in 1554 he obtained a pardon for the murder of Nunan Small. So that it appears he had ftaid long in Scotland, and perhaps fome of the time in England, and from him this kind of ftrolling people might receive the name of Faw Gang, which they ftill retain ††.” in his Recherches de la France, B. IV. c. 9. 10 their own, by telling thefe things by magic, or the intervention of the devil, or by a certain knack. But though this was the common report, I spoke to them feveral times, but never loft a farthing by them, or ever faw them look into people's hands. But the Bp. of Paris hearing of it, went thither with a friar preacher named Le Petit Jacobin, who by the bishop's order preached an excellent fermon, excommunicating all the men and women (qui fe faifoient) who pretended to believe these things, and who had believed in them, and hewn their hands; and it was agreed that they fhould go away, and they departed for Pontoife in September." This account was copied from an old book in form of a journal, drawn up by a doctor of divinity in Paris, which fell into the hands of Pafquier, who remarks on it, that however the ftory of the penance favours of fable, thefe wretches wan dered up and down France under the eye, and with the knowledge, of the magiftrates, for 100 or 120 years. length, in 1561, an edit was iffued, commanding all, officers of justice to turn out of the kingdom in the fpace of two months, under pain of the galleys and corporal punishment, all men, women, and children, who affumed the name of Bohemians or Egyptians. Ra"phael Volaterranus, in the 12th book of his Geography, fays, that this kind of people were derived from the Uxii, a people of Perfta; and that Syllax, who wrote the Hiftory of the Emperors of Conftantinople, fays, that they foretold the empire to the emperor Michael Traulus. "In Aug 17, 1427, came to Paris 12 penitents (penanciers) as they called themselves, viz. a duke, an ear!, and 10 men, all on horfeback, and calling themfelves good Chriftians. They were of Lower Egypt, and gave out that not long before the Chriftians had fubdued their country, and obliged them to embrace Chriftianity, or put them to death. Thefe who were baptized were great lords in their own country, and had a king and queen there. Some time after their converfion the Saracens overran their country, and obliged them to renounce Chriftianity. When the emperor of Germany, the king of Poland, and other Chriftian princes, heard this, they fell upon them, and obliged then all, both great and fmall, to quit their Country, and go to the Pope at Rome, who enjoined them seven years peDance to wand rover the world without İying in a bed; every bishop and abbot to give them once to livres tournois, and he pare them letters to this purpofe, and his bleffing. They had been wandering five years when they came to Paris, fit the principal people, and foon after the commonalty, about 100 or 120, reduced from 1000 or 1200 when they came from home, the reft being dead, with their king and queen. The farvi vors had hope of acquiring fome worldly property, for the Pope had promifed them a fruitful country: but they willingly finished their penance. They were lodged by the police out of the city, at Chapel St. Denis. Almost all, had their cars bored, and one or two 'filver rings in cach, which they faid was efteemed an ornament in their country. The men were very black, their hair curled; the women remarkably ugly and black, all their faces fcarred (deplayer), their hair black, like a horfe's tail, their only habita large old fhaggy garment (love) tied over the shoulders with a cloth or cord-fath (tien), and under it a poor petticoat (roquet) or thift. In thort they were the pooreft wretches that had ever been feen in France; and notwithftanding their poverty, there were àmong them women, who by looking into people's hands told their fortunes, et meirent contens en plufieurs mariages: for they faid, thy wife has played thee faife (Ta femme t'a fait coup). And what was worfe, they picked people's ockets of their money, and got it into * Travels, At 46 46 race of thefe vagabonds are found in every part of Europe. The French. "call them Bobemiens, the Italians Zingari, the Germans Ziegenners, the "Dutch Her denen (Pagans), the Por"tuguese Siganos, and the Spaniards "Gitanos, in Latin Cingari. Their language, which is peculiar to them. felves, is every where fo fimilar, that "they undoubtedly are all derived from "the fame fource. They began to ap66 pear in Europe in the 15th century, and are probably a mixture of Egyptians "and Ethiopians. The men are all "thieves, and the women libertines. "They follow no certain trade, and "have no fixed religion. They do not "enter into the order of fociety, wherein "they are only tolerated. It is fup"pofed there are upwards of 40,000 of them in Spain, great numbers of "whom are innkeepers in the villages "and fmall towns, and are every where "fortune-tellers. In Spain they are not "allowed to poffets any lands, nor even 66 to ferve as foldiers. They marry a "mong themselves, ftroll in troops a"bout the country, and bury their dead "under water. Their ignorance prevents their employing themselves in any thing but in providing for the "immediate wants of nature, beyond which even their roguishness does not "extend, and only endeavouring to "fave themselves the trouble of labour: "they are contented if they can procure "food by fhewing feats of dexterity, "and only pilfer to fupply themselves with the trifles they want; fo that "they never render themfelves liable to "any feverer chäftifement than whip"ping for having ftolen chickens, fi"nen, &c. Moft of the men have a fmattering of phyfic and furgery, and are fkilled in tricks performed by flight of hand. The foregoing ac "count is partly extracted from Le "Voyageur François, vol. XVI.; but "the affertion, that they are all so aban"doned as that author fays, is too ge"neral. I have lodged many times in "their houfes, and never miffed the "moft trifling things, though I have "left my knives, forks, candlesticks, "fpoons, and linen, at their mercy; "and I have more than once known "unfuccessful attempts made for a private interview with their young fe 64 "males, who virtuously rejected both " the courtship and the money." The Zigneni, or Zygeni, are defcribed by Krantzius in his Hiftory of Saxony, published A. D. 1417, as a fet of wandering fortune-tellers and cheats. See alfo Muratori Antiq. Ital. medii ævi. Tom. V. 68 et feq. Charpentier, in his Supplement to Du Cange's Gloffary, fays, the Zingani, or Zingari, are the fame with these, Munfter defcribes them as exceedingly tawny and fun-burnt, and in pitiful array, though they affected quality, and travelled with a train of hunting dogs after them like nobles, He adds, that they had paffports from Sigifmund, king of Bohemia, and other princes; for that afterwards they came into France, and thence paffed into England. Probably from the paffports here mentioned, they might by the vulgar be ftyled Bohemians. The first comers or their children were probably foon reinforced by many idle perfons of both fexes; fwarthy fkins, dark eyes, and black hair, being the only qualifications required for admiffion, and fome of thefe might be heightened by the fun and walnut juice. Their language, or rather gibberish, might foon be learned, and thus their numbers in all likelihood quickly in creafed, till they became alarming, when thofe fevere ftatutes were promulgated against them, whofe great leverity prevented their intended effect or execution +. Harrifon, in his defcription of England prefixed to Hollined's Chronicle, 1577, p. 183, defcribing the various forts of cheats practifed by the voluntary poor, after enumerating those who maim or disfigure their bodies by fores, or counterfeit the guife of labourers or ferving-men, or mariners feeking for fhips which they have not loft, to extort charity, adds, "it is not yet full "60 years fince this trade beg in: but "how it hath profpered fince that time "it is eafy to judge, for they are now "fuppofed of one fex and another to a"mount unto above 10,000 perfons, as "I have heard reported. Moreover, "in counterfeiting the Egyptian rogues, "they have devifed a language among " themfelves which they name Canting, "but other Pedlers French, a fpe ch In the Villa Borghefe at Rome is a famous ftatue called the Zingara, with a chin-cloth (Wright's Travels, p. 341). This is the word in the Italian dictionary for a giply or fortune-teller. I with some of your correspondents would give us a fuller account of this buft. Antiquarian Repertory, I. 53-57 com "compact 30 years fince of English and "a great number of odd words of their "own devifing, without all order or "reafon and yet fuch is it, as none but "themselves are able to understand. "The firft devifer thereof was hanged "by the neck, a juft reward no doubt "for his deceits, and a common end to "all of that profeffion." The Gabets were as fingular and diftinet a fet of people in Berne, Gafcoigne, and the city of Bourdeaux. In Gafcoigne they went by the name of Cagats and Capots, and in Navarre by that of lepers, who were no longer to be debar. Agots. Sufpected, as ftrangers fettled J in towns against the will of the proper inhabitants, they were not only held incapable of poffeffing any office or employ, but fo abhorred as to be deffitute of the neceffaries of life. confined to diftant habitations, forbidden to intermarry or even refort with the citizens, debarred the ufe of arms, condemned to wear a mark on their cloaths of a goofe's foot, and feparated from the reft of the congregation even in the churches, where they were forced to have feparate fonts, and were denied the privilege of kiffing the Pix. Every ftigma has been fet on them from the year 1460, as wretches deemed the defcendants of Goths and Arians, of Saracen lepers, the miferable remains of Abderhamen's army after his defeat by Charles Martel, of rapacious Jews, or of Proteftant Chriftians. Abbé Venuti, in his Differtation on the Antiquities of Bourdeaux, Bourdeaux, 1754, 4to, endeavours to accommodate thefe different etymologies by deriving this fobriquet, which in other provinces of France is written Gezites or Gezitains, from Giezi or Gebazi, the fervant of the prophet Elifha, who were fmitten by him with the fame infectious diforder the leprofy, which thefe unhappy people are fuppofed to have contracted by pilgrimages to the Holy Land; a diftemper heid as one of the ftrongest marks of divine wrath, equal with the curfe of Cain, or the punishment of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. In Lower Bretagne thefe wretches went by the name of Caqueux, Cacous, or Caquins, in Latin Catofi, and their diftemper Cacofmo.. Memoirs of MONS. SCHOEPFLIN, OHN DANIEL SCHOEPFLIN was born Sept. 6, 1694, at Sulzbourg, a town in the margraviate of Baden Dourlach; his father, holding an honourable office in the Margrave's court, died foon after in Alface, leaving his son to the care of his mother. After 10 years ftudying at Dourlach and Bafil, he kept a public exercife on fome conteficd points of ancient history with applause, and finished his ftudies in 8 years more at Strafbourg. In 1717 he there spoke a Latin panegyric on Germanicus, that favourite hero of Germany, which was printed by order of the city. In return for this favour he fpoke a funeral ora tion on M. Barth, under whom he had ftudied, and another on Kuhn, the profeffor of eloquence and history there, whom he was foon after elected to fucceed in 1720, at the age of 26. The refort of students to him from the Northern nations was very great: the princes of Germany fent their fons to study law under him. The profefforfhip of hiftory at Francfort on the Oder was offered to him; the Czarina invited him to another at St. Petersburg, with the title of Hiftoriographer Royal; Sweden offered him the fame profefforfhip at Upfal, formerly held by Scheffer and Boecler, his countrymen; and the Univerfity of Leyden named him fucceffor to the learned Vitriarius. He preferred Strafbourg to all. Amidft the fucceffion of lectures public and private, he found time to publifh an innumerable quantity of hiftorical and critical difcrtations, too many to be here particularifed. In 1725 he pronounced a congratulatory oration before K Stauiflaus, in the name of the univerfity, on the marriage of his daughter to the K. of France; and in 1726, another on the birth of the Dauphin, befides an anniverfary one on the K. of France's birth-day, and others on his victories. In 1726 he quitted his profeffor fhip, and began his travelling at St.onard shot, al at Licoln, founded by Henry 1. for incurable lepers of that cit (bus) is cold Fa. 35 H. VI. Mallardry, Pat. 7. H. IV. L: Maladri; q. d. tal for thi illict with the mal ladris, incurable leprofy.. The Abbé concludes his learned difquifition with informing us, that in 1738 the Parliament of Bourdeaux put a ftop by authority to the ill-treatment of thefe pretended defcendants of the race of Giezi, by the feveral names of Agots, Lagots, Gabits, and Laures or the |