1

more ease, and at less expense, than by the usual method. These bits are proper for the first part of the third operation.

Fig. 4 a pair of bits or dies proper for making either rose heads or flat heads.

Fig. 5 a pair of bits or dies proper for the second part of the third operation for clasp head nails: the dotted lines shew the head of the nail.

Fig. 6 is a view of the common screw-press; in which is shewn the side pin or screw a, by which the clams are firmly pressed together at the time the punch is pressed down upon the nail. This pin or screw is generally worked by the foot by means of the lever b, connected with a treadle, while the hand applies its force to the handle of the fly; but we fix to the head of the main screw a portion of a pully A (or a whole one), to which is attached a rope, chain, belt, or other connecting pliable material, which flying round the edge of another pully B fixed to the frame of the press, and standing vertically descends, and is attached to the moveable end of the treadle; and on this treadle we place a weight, heavy enough to press the clams together with sufficient force.

By means of the latter-described machinery, which we only claim as our invention, the operation of pressing is performed by the action of the hand only, and is found very convenient.

In witness whereof, &c.

VOL. XIII.-SECOND SERIES,

Bbb Speci

Specification of the Patent granted to JOHN STEDMAN, of Horton Kirby, in the County of Kent, Farmer; for a Patten and Clog, being of infinite Utility and Ease to suck Persons as may wear them.

Dated May 24, 1808.

With Engravings.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c. NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said John Stedman do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by the plan or drawing at the top of these presents, and the following de-scription thereof; that is to say: the bottom or solepart of the clog is divided into two or three parts or pieces.

Fig. 1 (Plate XVI.) shews the clog in two parts. A the fore-part; B the hind-part. The clog is made of cork, wood, or any material. But I claim the exclusive right of using cork, as being a new manufacture for clog or pattens, either with or without my new-invented principle, as will be hereafter described. To the fore-part A are fixed the ties, or a toe-piece or covering of the shoe, which may be made agreeably to the taste of the maker or wearer, To the hind part B, round the heel from E to G, is put a piece of stiff leather, or thin plate-iron or tin; it may be either nailed, screwed or sewed on, as shall be found most convenient. This piece of leather or tin stands up about three quarters of an inch, but it must be regulated according to the heel of the shoe which it is intended to receive or encompass.

This piece, when made of iron or tin, must be covered or lined with leather, or some soft material, to prevent rubbing the shoe or heel. The two pieces or parts A B are joined together by a hinge made of any metal.

Fig. 2 shews the hinge fixed to the two pieces A B. C the hinge this hinge is fastened either with screws, nails, or rivets. To the under-part of this hinge is riveted a spring or springs.

Fig. 3 shews the spring fixed to the hinge, and in action.

Fig. 4 shews the spring, with the hinge annexed inactive. The clog should always be made to fit the shoe, so that when it is on it should be straight, or in the position of Fig. 5, which shews the spring active.

Fig. 6 shews the position of the clog when off the foot and the spring inactive. There must be nailed or screwed a piece of thin leather along the joint, to prevent the wet or dirt getting to the springs, which would impede their action. My second mode of joining the two parts A B, and making the clog act on my patent principle, is by fixing a flat spring or springs, bent in a

curve.

and Fig. 8 shews a perpenOne end of the spring is to

Fig. 7 shews a side view, dicular view of the spring. be screwed or nailed to part A, on the other end to part B of the clog. The sole of the clog may be divided into three parts or pieces, and the spring-hinge put to each joint; or the joint nearest the toe may have an hinge of metal or leather, without a spring. The flat spring, as above described, can be put to join the three pieces together.

Fig. 9 shews a perpendicular view of the clog, with the flat spring fixed by screws or rivets to each piece; Bbb 2

the

the ties of the clogs may be fixed on the toe or middle piece, or a tie on each, which shall be found most convenient.

The intent of my new invention, and of those springs above described, are to prevent the clog coming off the foot; to remove the usual unpleasant clacking noise; to hinder the dirt throwing up; and to facilitate and lessen the fatigue of walking to the sole part of my clogs. And to make them into a patten there are put on the underside, both on the fore and hind-part, a piece of thin plate or sheet iron rim, nearly the shape and size of the part A and B; the depth of this piece of iron must be regulated according to the height of the patten, from one quarter of an inch to two or three. The ends of these pieces of iron are riveted together, and there are three or four little pieces turned down, with holes made in them, to screw or nail the rim to the bottom or sole parts.

Fig. 10 shews the under side of the patten. H H the iron rim within this rim is put a piece of cork, nearly to fill it up. M M the cork: this cork is fastened by a screw passing through it to, the bottom, or a screw or two put through the rim into the cork. The intent of this cork is to strengthen the rim, and to prevent its being filled up with dirt. This rim of sheet iron may be put to the bottom of a common clog if required; in that case the rim may be made in one piece, as Fig. 11. W the inside of the rim. This frim is to be filled with cork, to prevent its being filled with dirt. In witness whereof, &c.

Observations

Observations on several of the Articles inserted in our last Number.

Communicated in a Letter to the Editors.

GENTLEMEN,

IN your last Number a contrivance is described for

preparing Mercurial Ointment; but whatever superiority it may possess over other Mills for grinding Colours, &c. I am certain of this, that by the means pointed out, namely, by an endless screw on the axis of the handle, turning a wheel fixed on the axis of the pestle, the inventor will never obtain what he mentions, a rapid movement. To do this, he ought to have placed a bevil, or contrate wheel, on the axis of the handle, to drive a pinion of much smaller diameter fixed on the axis of the pestle, or more properly speaking, the grinder of his apparatus.

In the same Number I also find described a Waggon with swinging Axle-trees, connected with each other by diagonal chains; this is a very old invention, and is already published in Bailey's Advancement of the Arts, and a model of it is deposited in the Model Room of the Society of Arts, &c. &c. in the Adelphi.

I observe that you have published in the same Number also, an extract from the last volume of that Society's Transactions, descriptive of Mr. Daniel's Life Preserver; and very properly likewise, the Patent taken out by Mr. William Cobb for a similar contrivance so long since as the year 1764, with a note pointing out that similarity; to which, however, you might have added, that such an apparatus, with various modifications of it,

is