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olive oil may have acquired by age; and as the price of the best olive oil is increasing daily, and may become too costly for common use; it is desirable to have a substitute, though of a quality somewhat inferior. If the gentleman who threw the cruet from him with contempt was an Englishman, I should not much wonder at his conduct; as the prejudices of an Englishman in the article of food are proverbial upon the continent.

But supposing that this oil should be found totally unfit for our palates, it will not be necessary to have it cold drawn, and thus it may be extracted at a much cheaper rate for other purposes, which the present situation of public affairs renders most desirable. The greater the impediments to importation of the necessities of life, the more strenuous should we be to render ourselves as independent of the continent as possible. The consumption of oils in Great-Britain, both for manufactures and for lamps, is immense; nor can we be assured of imports equal to the demand.

Since the article in the preceding volume was written, I have received information from a friend, that the poppy oil is used in France and other places, in the counting-houses of merchants, in preference to any other. It is said to give a more vivid light, and to be much freer from fuliginous vapours.

T. COGAN.

List of Patents for Inventions, &c.

(Continued from Page 288.)

CHARLES GOSTLING TOWNLEY, of Ramsgate, in the county of Kent, Esquire; for a key which regulates the tone of the flute, or other musical instrument capable of the improvement, by causing the box of it to lengthen or contract at pleasure; which key may be called The Tone regulating Key. Dated August 9, 1808. Speci fication to be enrolled within one month.

JAMES GALE, of Shadwell, in the county of Middlesex, Ropemaker; for certain improvements in ropemaking, Dated August 18, 1808, Specification to be enrolled within one month,

ALEXANDER TILLOCH, of Barnsbury-street, Islington, in the county of Middlesex, Gentleman; for a new physico-mechanical power, or, in other words, improved machinery or apparatus capable of being employed as a moving power to work or drive machinery and millwork, and applicable to other useful purposes. Dated August 20, 1808. Specification to be enrolled within six months.

THOMAS PRICE, of Bilston, in the county of Stafford, Coal-master; for improvements in the application of steam for useful purposes, and in the apparatus required to effect the same. Dated August 24, 1808. Specification to be enrolled within one month.

THOMAS MEAD, of Scott-street, in the parish of Sculcoates, in the county of York, Engineer; for a method or methods of making and constructing circular or rotative steam-engines upon an entire new principle, and employing the elastic or expansive force of steam in a

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much more efficacious and advantageous manner than has hitherto been done. Dated August 24, 1808. Specification to be enrolled within one month.

WILLIAM CONGREVE, of Garden-court, in the Temple, in the county of Middlesex, Esquire; for a new principle of measuring time, and constructing clocks and chronometers. Dated August 24, 1808. Specification to be enrolled within one month.

JOSEPH CUFF, the younger, of Whitechapel, in the county of Middlesex, Cheesemonger and Bacon Merchant; for certain machinery for the more easy, expeditious, and better method of slaughtering hogs, bullocks, and other cattle, whereby much labour will be saved, and the flesh of such cattle greatly improved in quality, and will be more easily and better cured and preserved. Dated August 25, 1808. Specification to be enrolled within six months.

JOHN DUMBELL, of Mersey Mills, in the parish of Warrington, and county palatine of Lancaster, Miller; for a method or methods of flax-spinning, and of preparing or making a special twist thread, furniture, cloth, frills or attire, which he calls Telary Teguments, from silk, wool, cotton, flax, hemp or tow, as well as from a great variety of other articles (in a combined or uncombined state); and for a method or methods of refabricating or renovating the same, and of producing or reproducing from tatters in general a new body. Dated August 25, 1808. Specification to be enrolled within six months.

ERRATUM.-Page 297, line 5, for 1808 read 1806.

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Specification of the Patent granted to JOHN WATSON, late of Bury-place, Bloomsbury, in the County of Middlesex; Gentleman; for certain Improvements in the Art of Soap-making, by which the Article is in several Respects ameliorated. Dated May 10, 1808.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c. NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance with the said proviso, I the said John Watson do hereby declare that the pature of my said invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and ascertained as follows; that is to say: After the soap has been formed or made in the usual manner, by boiling fat or oil with soap lees, or the solution of a considerably pure alkaline salt, and separated by the addition of common culinary salt, I do not put the same into the forms in order that it may become indurated for sale, but I diffuse the same in a large quantity VOL. XIII.-SECOND SERIES. A a a

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of pure water, with or without the assistance of heat, as may for the sake of expedition be preferred. And I do again separate the said soap by the addition of common culinary salt; and I do repeat the said process of solution and separation a greater number of times if necessary; and I do declare that the chief intention and purpose of the said process is to render the soap more perfectly neutral, by separating any uncombined alkali which may have subsisted in the first making, and also to throw up any uncombined oil in case the boiling should not have been carried to the precise point which iş needful for the formation of good soap. And farther, I do declare that I do make use of the same process for purifying and perfectly neutralizing such soaps as have been already made and completed in the common way, by myself or other manufacturers; in order to which it is convenient that the solid soap should be rasped or scraped, or dried and pulverised, or otherwise divided by mechanical means, for the purpose of expediting the diffusion and solution, or suspension, of the same in the fluid. And farther, that I do manufacture a soap of uncommon beauty, closeness, and uniformity of texture, by the use and application of alcohol or ardent spirit, as follows; namely, I make a pure soap, or purify soap already made, by using the processes hereinbefore described; or in case I find upon examination that the soap intended is sufficiently pure, I take the same without farther preparation, and in preference I do subdivide the same into shavings, or small portions, by the means herein before mentioned; and I do make a mixture of about one part, by weight, of the spirit, and two parts, or thereabouts, of the pure soap, but these proportions

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