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thread at O, which will take its twist from the combined action of each strand G H, as in the common methods..

But that nothing may remain vague or variable in this operation, Fig. 50 is the plan of a method that has been adopted to fix the ratio between the twist of each strand and that of the cord resulting from its union with the rest. A B is a fixed wheel or ring with teeth on its inside. CDO are the wheels which give motion to the combs a b, c d, ef, as in the last figure. EFH are three feeding systems, so placed as that the progress of C D E in AB shall always bring the teeth of the combs to act on the filament they furnish. Thus when C comes to D, the comb a b, which now takes from E, will then feed upon F, and so of the rest. Every comb will take successively from every feeder; and thus the whole card must necessarily be cylindrical, if the whole feed be equal; for should any one comb take too much filament, the next must take as much too little, &c. But observe also that the centres of C D E move in different directions from their circumferences: or in other words, the common axis P moves contrary to the partial ones n, o, p; and thus when the velocities are properly co-ordonnated, they give naturally and constantly to the cord that quantity of twist in one direction; which the opposite twist of the strands requires. In this case the former is to the latter as one to three; but if any other ratio were required, the wheels CDE must bear other proportions to the ring A B, and the number of the feeders EFH must be increased or diminished in the same ratio.

Fig. 49 will represent the elevation of this plan, if we suppose the axis A lengthened to O; the fixed

ring applied at ry; the piece K carried round with the axis A O; and the wheel B suppressed.

In a preceding part of this specification is contained the principles of a new method, of opening, arranging, and even spinning filamentous substances: and that by the displacement of the points or teeth of which the comb-hackle or card is composed, with respect to each other. The Figs. 51, 52, and 53 here annexed, give one of the forms of reducing that system to practice.

A B is a frame of wood, carrying among other things a potence, which supports certain pullies or rollers y z, the use of which, combined with the toothed wheel w, is to keep the rings uv (say eight in number, more or less), in the position which will be more fully explained. The diameters of these rings are such, as that when they all lie flat against each other, having the end of a given diameter of each in the same plane at t, the other ends of these diameters, the points included, are found in the circumference of the circle qrs, described about the centre P, according to the principle already given. Those rings are all furnished with teeth or points u vj and their inside is cut into teeth, which receive motion from the wheel w; but as this wheel works alike into all the rings, the motions they receive differ in proportion to their diameters. The centre P of the axis R carries, on a proper support of metal, the horizontal axis o o, each end of which is furnished with a spherical or conical comb`m and q, the teeth of which point inward; and both which combs in turning round P, pass the feeding rollers n, seize a portion of filament, throw it on the teeth of the rings uv, and comb it by succes sive passage, until it is carried away by them towards t. It must also be observed, that the combs m q (by means

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of the screw and wheels 1, 2, 3), have a slow motion round their own axis, and thus the filament they take at n, cannot remain long upon them, but wholly passes to the points of u v, after having been combed by frequent passages near them. It need not be added that the feed-ing cloth 4, 5, receives its motion from the axis of w by a chain and wheel 6; and that the feeding cylinders n as well as the wheel w, and the receiving cylinders t, take theirs from the central axis R by the wheel work and screw 7, 8, 9, while the central axis is turned from above by a separate arbor, connected with it by a fork at its upper end near o.

Thus then the wool or filament distributed on the cloth 4,5, is given by the rollers n to the combs my; by them to the rings uv; whose unequal motions necessarily lay the hairs in length, and in as many fasces as there are intervals, while the receiving rollers t, moying a little faster than the said rings av, draw out the filament, and unite it into a ribbon fit to be spun at once, by the oblique card-spinning machine already described, to almost any degree of fineness.

In order to be able to receive thread or yarn very little twisted, and of course very weak, without danger of breaking it, under the spinner, described in one of the figures in the preceding part of this specification, (viz. that mechanism which, receiving the wool from the comb, begins the thread and delivers it to the bobbin), is placed the cone or hollow body A, Fig. 54, open at the top a, and having round or under it one or more spiral spaces c, so placed with respect to the twisting motion of the body, as by it to create a partial vacuum in the abrupt recess b, and thus to suck in the thread at a with more or less force, as the velocity and the opening b is greater or

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