it is capable of being moved backward and forward in a horizontal direction (or nearly so), and carrying with it the roller C and ruler bars yy, which admit of an angular motion in the joints at each end: and that whatever motion may be given to these the same will be communicated to the web upon which the paper is forming, and is here a substitute for the moulds used in the common process. And we do, by means of a crank com, municating with the shaking bar t, cause it to receive a quick alternating or vibratory motion; or, in other words, we cause it to shake in the direction above described. The number of these vibrations or shakes necessary in a given time, and the space passed through by the shaking bar in each, will vary according to the quality and preparation of the pulp or paper stuff of which the paper is intended to be made. The number, however, seems by observation to be limited between one and two hundred per minute, and the space between one quarter of an inch and one inch; and, to enable us to give a proper velocity to the crank, we give motion to the same by a small water wheel, the velocity of which, and consequent number of vibrations, are regulated at pleasure by the quantity of water admitted upon the wheel.

And we do further and more particularly describe that part of our said machine which we call the second or dry press with the cylinders and other apparatus connected therewith as follows; that is to say, Nand O are two strong brass cylinders with iron shafts or spindles Bo and Bo firmly fixed therein. Bp and Bp are the iron carriages and bearing brasses, in which the said spindles turn, and by which the same are held in their proper position; Bg and Bg are the compressing screws; P is the couch

ing roller with its pivots resting upon and turning in the ends of the two levers Br and Br, which project

from and are fastened in the spindle or bar Bs, placed across the machine frame with its ends projecting on each side thereof, upon which are fastened the handles Bt and Bt, by which the roller may be raised or lowered for the purpose herein after mentioned. The brasses or bearings upon which the spindle Bs turns at B u and Bu are affixed to the iron carriages or sliding pieces m and m, so that as the roller E may be moved backward or forward, the couching roller P may retain its relative position therewith. We have already observed that the endless or circulating flannel or felting passes between and receives its motion from the pressing cylinders N and O, and that it revolves upon and is kept extended by the two extreme rollers P and Q, and that the darts or arrows indicate the direction in which it moves. We have likewise shewn the means of extending the same longitudinally by the stretching screws p and p; Bv are wooden rollers for conducting the felting in the direction delineated in the section; B w are ruler bars with guide wheels affixed thereto for extending the felting laterally as above described. We cause the felting on its approach to the cylinders to have about the same inclination downwards as we give to the revolving wire under the same circumstances and for the same reasons; and we cause the paper upon the felting to pass between the cylinders immediately in contact with the smooth surface of the upper cylinder N; and in order to detach the paper from the cylinder, to which it closely adheres after receiving the pressure, we cause a thin steel plate to be fastened to a piece of wood as at Br, having its edge previously sharpened, and applied along the surface of the cylinder Hh 2

in

in such a direction as to separate the paper therefrom until it can be drawn away by hand and deposited upon the felting, by which it is conducted to the reel at R, to which it is fastened, and by it drawn from the cylinder with such a degree of force as to prevent it coming again in contact with the steel plate which it ought only to do at the beginning of each sheet; R is a reel upon which the paper is collected at the end of the machine, the construction and use of which is evident from the drawing. Bz is a band wheel affixed to the spindle or shaft of the under cylinder O, and gives motion to another at Ca, the spindle of which stands opposite to and concentric with the reel spindle, and from which the reel receives its motion; the means of connection being such, that the reel may be put in motion, stopped, removed and replaced at pleasure, and is performed by any of the well-known methods of continuing motion from one shaft or spindle to another, when in the same line with each other. Cb are two pinions, one on each of the cylinder shafts or spindles, with their teeth taking in each other, in order that the cylinders may move uniformly with each other, without sliding or slipping. C c are likewise two pinions upon the spindles of the wet press cylinders.

The operation of detaching the paper from the revolving web, and depositing it upon the felt, is performed by means of the couching roller P, which is placed immediately below and exactly parallel with the roller E. When the paper formed upon the wire arrives at the roller E, the couching roller is raised by the handles Bt Bt, and causes the felting to rub against the web, and to detach the paper therefrom, and immediately to deposit it upon the felt. The couching roller is then lowered, as the paper being once deposited in a sufficient quantity

upon

upon the felt, its own weight will continue to draw it from the web whilst the felting is in motion.

Having thus more particularly described the conformation of the principal parts of our machine, we do further describe the manner in which we give motion to the same, and the connection between them and the first mover: That is to say, we do employ water or more immediately a water wheel, as a first mover, which we prefer to any other power, as by it is obtained the most regular and uniform motion, and such as is best adapted for this purpose, though other first movers might be used.

Cd is the axis of the water wheel (the wheel itself, being of the common construction, is supposed, and not represented in the drawing), upon which is fixed or hung the wheel Ce, the teeth of which take into those of Cf another wheel hung upon the spindle Cg lying opposite to or in a line with the shaft or spindle of the under cyLinder Bo. Ch is a coupling or clutch box, for the purpose of giving motion to or stopping the cylinder as may be required, by any of the well-known methods in common use for such purposes.

Ci is a wheel likewise working into or taking its motion from Ce, having upon its axis the rigger or band wheel Cj, which by means of a strap or band communicates motion to another band wheel C k hung upon the spindle Cl, lying opposite to or in a line with the spindle ar under wet press cylinder X. A coupling or clutch box is placed upon its end at Cm, for the same purpose as the one upon the spindle Cg above described. And we do cause the rigger or band wheel Cj to be made upon an adjustable principle, or capable of having its diameter increased or diminished as occasion requires, whilst the machine is at work, and by this adjustment obtaining an

exact

exact correspondence between the velocity of the revolving web and that of the revolving felting; for, should one exceed the other, the paper would either be torn asunder or carried round upon the under side of the web, and be spoiled.

Fig. 3. In No. 2 of the drawings hereto annexed (see Plate X.) is a plan and section of the adjustable or expanding rigger or band wheel. AA is a cast iron flanch or plate hung upon the spindle B B. CC are two rings cast upon the face of the flanch. The intermediate space between the rings is turned flat and true, so that its plane may be at right angles with the axis or spindle upon which it turns. D D, &c. are round pins inserted and made fast in the rings at a proper distance from and parallel with the face of the flanch, forming so many radii or parts of radii at equal distances round the flanch; and upon these radii or pins we cause the pieces E E, &c. to slide, the pins passing through the holes at each end of the pieces at F and G corresponding to the diameter of the pins ; one end of each piece, as at H H, is made to extend on each side of the pins, and fitted to the face of the flanch so as to prevent the pieces EE, &c. from turning or tilting sideways upon the pins, but nevertheless allowing them to slide freely upon the flanch. II, &c. are wooden segments forming the periphery of the wheel, and fastened upon the sliding pieces E E, &c. K is a straight round pin inserted in a hole in the centre of the spindle and in which it is at liberty to slide in and out. LL is a round plate fastened upon the centre pin K, and the connecting pieces M M, &c. have one of their ends attached to the edge of the plate L by means of a joint, and the other to the sliding pieces E E, &c. in the same

manner;