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fore, to re-action and spring is fully removed, but what is occasioned by the inequalities of the leather and the discretion of the operator; and these advantages are attained by the tapering off of the table to the extent of five or ten degrees at the bottom of it. Although hard wood will do for a table, yet, by experience, we have been fully persuaded that it is impossible for wood to retain that truth and accuracy which is necessary to the complete performance of this machine: this circumstance is alone sufficient to induce us to recommend iron or brass tables instead of wood, which not only can be made to acquire a degree of correctness, but to retain it beyond what it is possible to obtain from any kind of wood. In addition to these properties, which metal possesses over wood, the labour of glazing is not near so much with metal as with wood tables, besides the circumstance of metal tables not wearing the glazing rollers near so fast as we found the wood tables invariably to

For the rolling on table we recommend brass, and for the rolling off table cast iron; both of which must be a correct segment of a cylinder, with high polished surfaces extending over the whole distance of their width, two inches at least beyond the longitudinal range of the glazing rollers. The table A is attached to the strong iron stage B by means of screw bolts passing through the stage into the ribs, which are cast on the back of the table, and which are fitted into settings in the stage B. The table may be cast to the stage if found more convenient. The base of this stage is about three feet long and one foot wide and two inches thick, the sides of which are dove-tailed, and made perfectly parallel to each other from off their base. The stage B has a hori zontal motion in a longitudinal direction, yet its latiVOL. XIII. SECOND SERIES. tudinal

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tudinal position is regulated by the iron dove-tailed sides CC, which adjust to any degree of tightness the base of the stage B by means of cocks and screws as at DD. The sides C C are screwed by a sufficient num ber of screw-bolts to the main iron frame E E, upon which the base of the iron stage B rests, and moves when required in a longitudinal course. The main iron frame EE is strongly connected to the main wood frame by screw-bolts, as at FFF, or by any other secure fastenings. Upon two of the bottom rails of the iron stage B are screwed the two iron eyes G and H; to the eye G is fastened a rope or chain to which the stage weight I is suspended over the pulley J; which weight I is more than equal to the whole weight of the stage B with the table A, &c. which therefore compels the stage to retreat back as far as the advancing chain K will permit it; which retreating motion is about two inches, which is fully sufficient room to introduce the leather between the glazing rollers and the table A. The treadle ↳ is moved upon the two center screws M M passing through the main iron frame E E. The treadle on one end of its fulcrum forms a segment of a circle of about sixty degrees, and a radius or lever of four inches; which segment is cut into cog-teeth, which operate on the cogwheel S fixed to the chain shaft-wheel N, and causes the shaft-wheel (which moves from the center screws OO) to move one-eighth of the distance, which the long end of the treadle L describes. The length of the treadle on the pressing end of its fulcrum is about three feet, which gives the man acting on the foot-board P, (which is about sixteen inches by ten inches,) screwed to the treadle, a power of eight. Upon the treadle-axle is fixed the counter-balance weight Q, which brings up

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the treadle L always to one position when the stage B has retreated as far back as possible from the roller-shaft. Upon the axle N is fixed an iron-grooved chain wheel R, of about six inches diameter, which receives the chain K, which is connected to the eye H by a pin, the eye having been previously screwed to the bottom of the stage B, when the chain K is brought to its greatest degree of extension over the chain-wheel R, which has a groove with a flat bottom to allow the chain to move freely in it; and in the groove of the chain-wheel is keyed a standard, with a mortice across it, which receives the chain, and which connects it to the chainwheel by a pin passing through the standard and the end joint of chain. The stage B is thus connected by the chain K to the chain-wheel R, and the cog-wheel S is fixed on the same axle N and pitched into the cogs of the treadle L: it will be obvious that the motion of the treadle L must necessarily turn the chain-wheel R, and thereby advance the stage B at one-eighth of the speed with which the treadle L at the end of the foot-board P moves. The rise of the treadle, as before stated, is produced by the counter-balance Q in the retreat of the stage B from the roller-shaft BB in Fig. 2, and the pressure of the operator on that part of the tradle at P brings up the stage to the roller-shaft with a power equal to eight times his pressure, after deducting the stage-weight I from it: on this principle the power of the operator must at all times be estimated.

Fig. 5 is a view of the table guide or stop, which consists of the plate of iron A extending across the top of the end of the main iron frame E E; by the two screws BB the plate A is fixed, and upon the plate A the two wrought-iron cocks CC, through which the two drawing

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and pushing screws D D, to which are connected the bar E, which stands at right angles to the plate A.. This bar is moved backwards and forwards by means of the screws DD, the bar E resting at the same time upon the plate A. Against the bar E the end of the stage of the table B in Fig. 4 strikes, and it is the discretionary use of this guide or stop, as heretofore expressed, that entirely regulates the degree of contact which is proper for the table to receive for the various sorts of leather that may be required to be glazed, grained, and finished. When the stop is thus properly adjusted to any particular kind of leather, the screws D D are locked by the counter nuts FF, which prevent any alteration of the stop or bar, which determines the degree of contact the table is to have at any time with the glazing-rollers.

Although, as we have before expressed, that one ma chine is adequate to all the purposes of graining, glazing, and finishing any description of leather by the changing the rollers as heretofore described to answer the two operations of rolling on and rolling off with; but as we have before expressed it as our opinion, that a table of brass is better adapted for the rolling on with, from the circumstance of the leather being necessary to be damper for that operation than for the other, which might be liable to damage or discolour the leather was this operation performed on an iron table, by its being liable to rust we therefore recommend, to prevent this probable inconvenience, and to save the certain and repeated trouble of changing and adjusting the rollers, to use what we denominate a double machine; a single one of which is represented in the perspective Fig. 1.

It may be farther necessary to observe, that a platform is required for the operator to stand upon, to en

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able him to have a proper command of the back of the table, where he stands immediately in front of the re:volving roller-shaft, and which enables him to move the treadle with his foot, which brings up and keeps the table to its work; and which also furnishes him with a complete view of the leather while it is operated upon, which he in an instant can with the utmost ease disengage, and with a corresponding facility again bring up the table to its work, while the roller-shaft is revolving at any rate of velocity. In witness whereof, &c.

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Specification of the Patent granted to JAMES CAPARN, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Brazier; for a Machine for discharging Smoke from smoking Chimnies. Dated October 30, 1806.

With Engravings.

To all to whom these presents shall comé, &c.

NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said James Caparn do hereby declare that my said invention is described in the drawings delineated in the margin of these presents, and by the description thereof hereinafter particularly set forth; that is to say: This machine, which I denominate Caparn's Smoke Disperser, and have invented for the prevention and cure of smoky chimnies, is to be placed on the top of the chimney over the vent or orifice, and secured thereto by brick-work, or by any other method which may be deemed expedient. The funnel of the chimney should be cleared from all contractions or other obstructions which might impede the smoke in its passage into the body of the machine. The current through the chimney gives a rotary horizontal motion to the flyers or vans at the top of

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