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Specification of the Patent granted to THOMAS JEFFERSON, of the Parish of Saint Saviour, Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Tanner and Leather-dresser, JOSEPH ELLIS, of the same Place and Trade, and ALEXANDER GALLOWAY, of the Parish of Saint Andrew, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Machinist and Engineer; for a Machine or Machines for the Purpose of finishing, gluzing, and glossing, of Leather.

Dated March 7, 1808.

With a Plate.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &e. NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said Alexander Galloway do hereby declare, that our said invention is particularly described and ascertained in and by the drawings thereof hereunto annexed. In witness whereof, &c.

Independent of the combination of the several parts of our machine, as represented in the perspective view of it, as given in Fig. 1, (Plate VI.) the peculiar principles VOL. XIII.-SECOND SERies.

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and properties of our invention consist, first, in placing any convenient number of glazing or graining cylindrical rollers, (or of any other convenient form for a glazer or grainer) at the extreme diameter of the wheels, or circular plates to which they are connected, with the ability of extending or contracting the distance of the extreme of each roller or glazer from the center of the wheels or plates to which they are joined, by any suitable machinery capable of promoting an accurate adjustment of the rollers or glazers over the whole extent of their length; which properties insure the same correctness of adjustment to any number of rollers or glazers, by which they are rendered capable of traversing in one and the same circle, bearing in all their parts upon any curve of the same radius which they describe. A body of rollers or glazers so placed upon a "revolving spindle, axle, or shaft, act as so many burnishers, glazers or grainers, on any docile surface with which they come in contact; the degree of gloss which their friction will necessarily create will depend entirely on the velocity, pressure, and the quality of the material on which they may at any time operate.

Secondly: In the construction of the table which receives or supports the leather while the glazing rollers, burnishers or grainers act on it, at all times it must be carefully observed that the extreme of the glazing rollers, while connected to the revolving shaft, describe a circle suitable to the curve of the table, and that most ac.. .curately. When the rollers or glazers are thus adjusted to the table, it is brought up to any required degree of contact with them, having the leather to be glazed placed between them and the table; the leather being therein subject to any degree of discretionary pressure

which the operator may determine on. The table coming up or approaching in a discretionary manner, the revolving shaft not only enables the leather to be passed across, but down the table in any required direction, while the roller-shaft is moving at any rate of velocity; the quantity of any skin of leather to be glazed at a revolution of the roller-shaft will depend on the length of the glazing roller, the length of the skin lying on the table, and the speed with which it is moved across the table to feed the operation of the glazing rollers. The discretionary approach of the table to the roller-shaft secures also the whole surface of any skin of leather being perfectly glazed or grained (whichever may be required) notwithstanding any inequality in its substance, as the table accommodates such inequalities by advancing to, and retreating from, the revolving shaft as often as the incqualities in the substance of the leather may occur. Under all circumstances of inequality in the thickness of the leather, it is still, however, by the discretionary power of the table, at all times capable of creating an uniformity of pressure, if requisite, which contributes largely to produce an uniformity of gloss over the whole surface of any skin of leather, notwithstanding the inequalities of substance and the impediments of holes - which many skins of leather possess.

Thirdly: In adopting a discretionary means which shall determine the exact degree of contact to which the table shall approach the roller-shaft, the apparatus for securing this object we denominate the Table Guide or Stop. By the application of this apparatus the ta ble is prevented from running in upon the rollers when the force to bring the table up to them is applied, besides protecting the leather to be glazed from being injured

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injured by what we term The Blows of the rollers, which create those indentations on the leather which can seldom or ever be eradicated completely by any subsequent degree of exertion which may be devoted to the skin.

The principles of our invention may be reduced ung der three general heads: First, the facility with which any number of glazing rollers are made to traverse in one precise channel; and the readiness with which an adjustment of all their parts is produced. Secondly, the table which supports the leather possessing an am-. plitude of discretionary power to approach to, and recede from, the roller-shaft at pleasure, with the full power of resisting the pressure of the rollers in any given ratio, between the impeller and the retarder. Thirdly, the application of an adjustable stop to the table, which determines how near the table shall approach the rollers, and which furnishes a complete protection to the rollers and the leather against any effort of advance which may be directed to the table. In whatever way these properties or principles can be atchieved or obtained we regard as our invention.

Among the various ways which have presented themselves to our view during a period of considerable experience, trouble and expence, we have selected those modes of combining our principles in the formation of a machine or machines which we conceived the most ad vantageous, permanent and simple; and these are contained and illustrated in the respective drawings hereunto annexed, which I shall hereafter particularly explain and describe.

This machine may be worked by manual force, or by any known engine of power: a horse is equal to the

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working of two machines, combined as the one is, as re presented by the perspective drawing in Fig. 1, which, under the management of two men, will glaze, grain, and finish a number of skins of leather equal to the most steady, assiduous, and successful exertions of a dozen of men; and that too in a style of workmanship not only equal, but superior to what can be done in the ordinary modes of finishing leather.

Fig. 2, a view of the roller's shaft, with all its concomitant apparatus. BB the shaft, made very strong of wrought iron, and about five feet long, with hardened steel hollow centers, which revolve on the steel center screws C C, which pass through the uprights of the main frame A A, and which adjust the shaft to that degree of tightness where its rotation is freely allowed, yet wherein 'no share of lateral motion is admitted between the screws C C; and these are locked in the uprights of the main wood frame AA by the counter nuts D D. Upon the middle of the shaft B B are fixed two cast-iron plates EE, of about thirty inches in diameter, and about one inch thick, with square holes in their centers, which' fit upon and come up against the flanch of the shaft: these plates are kept apart about four or five inches from each other, in a parallel direction, by means of the square cast-iron box F, which fits into the settings formed at the back of the plates. The plates thus stationed are firmly connected to the shaft BB by means of a screw, nut, or key coming up against them. To the external surfaces of the plates E E are connected four, six, or more wrought iron cocks, as at GG GG, extending about two and a half inches above the surface of each plate: in the centers of these cocks pass or traverse the drawing and pushing screws H H HH, which

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