are nowhere denominated insurgents, or their war talked of as rebellion: and hence their white ministers or associates were not the movers or abettors of treason against the United States, for they owed the Republic of North America no allegiance, and were merely engaged in traffic with free and independent communities. But General Jackson thought differently; for, in his official order, he says, that it is an established principle of the law of nations, that any individual of a nation, making war against the citizens of any other nation, they being at peace, forfeits his allegiance, and becomes an outlaw and a pirate." So far is this, however, from being a part of international law, that had Mr Arbuthnot been taken on the field of battle, he must have been considered a prisoner of war; for "Volunteers," says Vattel," when taken by the enemy, are treated as if they belonged to the army in which they fight." But, further, General Jackson's exposition of the law of nations is not only utterly fallacious, but comes with the worst possible grace from the Americans. We say it is utterly fallacious; for, suppose Prince Eugene of Savoy a prisoner to Louis XIV. while the Court of Turin was at peace with France, would it ever have been dreamed of to put him to death as "an outlaw and a pirate?" General Benigsen, a native of Hanover, fought the battles of Eylau and Friedland against Bonaparte, then in free possession of his native electorate; but it never occurred even to the person who had caused D'Enghien to be shot for a pretended violation of the law of nations, to denounce Benigsen as a traitor. But this new doctrine comes with the worst possible grace from the Americans. From the very commencement of the American Revolution,

VOL. XII. PART II.

and long before the Court of Versailles had espoused their cause, La Fayette, and many other Frenchmen, had joined their standard. But the monstrous idea that these Frenchmen might be treated like "outlaws" and "pirates" never suggested itself to any individual. It must therefore follow, that Mr Arbuthnot was illegally tried, unjustly sentenced, and barbarously executed. The case of Ambrister is still of a darker and more malignant complexion. He was accused, " 1st, Of aiding the enemy; and 2d, Of leading and commanding them." The court-martial found the charges proved, and sentenced Ambrister to be publicly whipped and confined with a chain for twelve months. General Jackson disapproved of this sentence, and, on his own responsibility, ordered the miserable man to be shot. That this was a foul and atrocious murder is unquestionable; but, although the transaction excited very general indignation throughout the Union, nothing has been done by the American Government to wipe off this deep stain on its honour, or to atone for such a shameful violation of every principle that is most generally acknowledged in the law of nations.

The will of the late Lord Ellenborough was this day proved in Doctors' Commons. The personal property was sworn under L.200,000; and it is in substance as follows: He gives to Lady Ellenborough L.1260 per annum for her life, which, with the further sum of L.740 1 per annum secured to her by marriage settlement, will make an annuity of L. 2000 to her for life. He also gives her all the household furniture and pictures in his house in St. James's Square. To his eldest son, Edward, (now Lord Ellenborough,) he gives all seals upon which his

arms, &c. are engraved, and also his coat of arms, emblazoned by Sir Isaac Heard; also the remaining half of the plate, all the horses, cattle, live and dead stock, &c. He gives to Lady Ellenborough L.200 for a present supply of cash at his death. He gives to his natural daughter, Miss Elizabeth Thornton, L.2000, with interest from his death to the time of payment. He devises the Manor of Thorby-hall, and all his other hereditaments, to his son Edward, for life, with remainder to his heirs-male; and on failure of issue, to his second son and his issue; and so on in succession to all his other sons and their issue, with remainder, on failure of issue of all of them, to his own right heirs. He directs the house in St James's Square, with such furniture as is fitted to it, to be sold, and gives the proceeds, with all his remaining personal estate, to be equally divided amongst his nine younger children, and such others as might be afterwards born in his life time, or with which Lady Ellenborough might be pregnant at his death, on their attaining 21 years of age, or being married, with benefit of survivorship as usual. He directs that Lady Ellenborough shall be paid a suitable sum for the maintenance of such of the younger children as shall remain with her, out of their respective fortunes, at the discretion of his executors, Hugh Leycester, Esq., and his brother Ewan Law, Esq., with the advice of Lord Sidmouth, Chief-Justice Gibbs, and Mr Sergeant Lens; whose decision he directs to be taken upon all diffe. rences that may arise under his will. The will is dated on the 20th of March 1817, and was re-published on the 8th of June following, in order to pass lands subsequently purchased at Shipley, in Northumberland; and again on the 21st of Au

gust following, to pass lands at Oakley-green, Bucks, since acquired by conveyance from Lady Ellenborough. There is also a codicil, dated May 11. 1818, by which his Lordship directs, that in case the shares of his younger children should exceed L.10,000 each, his eldest son Edward is to participate with them in the surplus. The will and codicils are all in his Lordship's own handwriting, and they are attested by his tipstaff and two servants. The devises of the real estates are expressed with as much brevity as is strictly consistent with their being legally operative; and they conclude with a clause stating his Lordship's wish to avoid prolixity, and his desire that the several devises shall operate agreeably to his meaning, in as complete a manner as if more formally expressed.

11. ROME.-Yesterday the last honours were paid to the remains of the Queen of Spain, who died here on the 2d instant. The body was conveyed with great pomp to the Basilica of the Vatican, at the entrance of which it was met and received by Cardinal Mattei. On this occasion the same ceremonial was observed as in 1689, in the obsequies of Christina, Queen of Sweden, and in 1735, in the case of Maria-Clementina Sobieski, wife of James III. of England.

13. PROCLAIMING THE SHILOH. -A lamentable instance of the effects of infatuation and religious enthusiasm was this day exhibited at the Police Office, Guildhall. Samuel Sibley and Maria Catherine Sibley his wife, Samuel Jones and his son, a boy of ten years old, Thomas Jones, John Angel, Thomas Smith, James Dodd, and Edward Slater, a boy of twelve years of age, were brought up from the Compter, by Beaton and Gibbon, officers of

Cordwainers' Ward, who had with great difficulty, and at the hazard of their own lives, rescued the prisoners from the fury of an immense mob, in Budge-row, Cannon-street, about ten o'clock yesterday morning. These deluded people were, it appeared, disciples of the lately famous Joanna Southcott, and conceived themselves directed by God to proclaim the coming of the Shiloh on earth. For this purpose they assembled at the west end of the town, in order to enter the only gate of the great city (Temple-bar), through which they marched in procession about nine o'clock in the morning. They were each decorated with a white cockade, and wore a small star of yellow riband on their left breast. Sibley led the procession, bearing a brazen trumpet adorned with light blue ribands, and the boys carried each a flag of blue silk. In this manner they proceeded through Fleetstreet, up Ludgate-hill, and along St Paul's Church-yard, to Budgerow, a great crowd following them, increasing continually as they proceeded. Having arrived, as they supposed, in the middle of the great city, they halted, and began to perform their ceremonies. Sibley sounded the trumpet, and proclaimed the second coming of the Shiloh, the Prince of Peace, on earth; and his wife cried out aloud, "Wo! wo! to the inhabitants of the earth, because of the coming of the Shiloh." This cry was repeated several times, and joined in with a loud voice by the others in company. The crowd was by this time immense, every avenue was stopped up, and the passage of carts and carriages rendered impossible. The mob began with laughing and shouting at these miserably deluded people, and at length proceeded to pelting them with mud and every sort of missile

they could procure. They, on their part, being most of them stout young men, resisted, and the fight became general and tremendous. The flags were torn down, and Sibley and his associates with great difficulty preserved, by the exertions of the officers, from falling victims to the infuriated rage of the mob. Their appearance, when put to the bar, bespoke the dangers they had gone through; the men had all been rolled in the mud, and Sibley bore evident marks of violence in his face. On being called upon by the Magistrate to give an account of their conduct, Sibley, with an air of authority, directed the others to be silent, and, addressing the Alderman, said, he regretted there was not time for him to enter into the particulars of the mission of God to him. He had been commanded by a voice, through the boy Slater, to announce that the Prince of Peace was come upon earth. He was commanded to proclaim the second coming of Shiloh, in the same manner, and with the same authority, as John the Baptist had proclaimed his first coming. This proclamation he was to make three times in the midst of the great city, by the sound of the trumpet. He and his companions were obeying the commands of God, and in so doing had conducted themselves peaceably, and interfered with no one, when they were attacked by the mob. He was proceeding to explain the nature of the visions with which the boy had been favoured, and his wife was raising her voice to bear testimony to the fact of the Shiloh being on earth, whom she said she had had in her arms four times, when the Magistrate interrupted them, and observed, that it was evident, if they were not insane, that they were acting under a strong delusion, and pointed out to them how much bet

ter they would have been employed in pursuing their regular avocations, than in being the cause of public riot, and endangering their own persons. The men in reply said, it was right they should obey God; but they would do whatever the Magistrate directed, assuring him, at the same time, that nevertheless the Shiloh was come. The Alderman said he would not rely on their promise, but detain them all in custody till they could procure some better assurance than their own words for their peaceable demeanour in future. They were accordingly conveyed back to the Compter in two coaches, to protect them from the mob. The male prisoners are journeymen mechanics, and appeared to be simple, deluded, but peaceable men.

HORRIBLE CIRCUMSTANCE.-Some soldiers of the 34th regiment were lately brought to trial at Jersey, and two of them condemned to suffer death. Only one of them, however, named Hales, was left for execution. Accordingly, he was, in due time, brought out to the scaffold; and, after having finished his devotions, turned off. He had not hung above a minute and a half, when the executioner, taking hold of the convulsed body, suspended himself on it. By his additional weight the rope gave way, so that the criminal's feet touched the ground. The executioner then pulled him sideways, with a view to strangle him, and not being able to effect his purpose this way, got upon his shoulders. To the astonishment of all, however, the criminal rose upon his feet, with the hangman on his shoulders, and disengaged the rope from his throat with his fingers. The Sheriff ordered another rope to be prepared, but the spectators interfered, and, at length, the Sheriff agreed that, be

fore proceeding farther, the will of the Magistracy should be known; but the Chief Magistrate not being in town, the Commander-in-chief ordered the unhappy man to be carried back to prison. The matter was then deferred, and the execution of the sentence suspended till his Majesty's pleasure should be known. Petitions were in the meantime forwarded in behalf of the sufferer, and a free pardon speedily procured. This horrid scene has, as might have been expected, excited the most powerful sensation.

14. FRANCE.-At the Cour d'Assizes of Tarn, a second trial has taken place relative to the assassination of Fualdès, which lately excited so lively an interest throughout France, and indeed the whole of Europe. The point at issue upon this occasion seems to have related to certain plots, machinations, and manœuvres, formed, it is said, and carried on in the very sanctuary of justice itself, "pour perdre des innocens;" and the persons accused were Constant, Yence, and Bessières-Vaynac. The evidence adduced being of the most improbable and contradictory character, and an alibi having been proved, viz. that the accused were absent from Rodez on the day of the horrid murder of Fualdès, the Jury, after being inclosed for three hours, returned a verdict, acquitting the prisoners of all connection with the plots and machinations above alluded to, or being in any way accessory to the assassination of the unfortunate Fualdès, either before or after the fact.

21. PARIS.-This being the Anniversary of the Death of Louis XVI., was celebrated at St Dennis with great pomp and solemnity. The Bishop of Albi performed service, and the Abbé of Quelen the reading of the

Testament. The King, attended by all the Princes, Functionaries, and foreign Ministers, was present during the service.

25. The High Court of Justiciary having this day met, the Lord Advocate read the following report relative to the execution of Robert Johnston, the particulars of which are recorded in our last volume: "In reference to the desire expressed by their Lordships, to be informed of the result of the inquiry which had been directed to be made, concerning the occurrences at the execution of Robert Johnston, on the 30th of December last, in pursuance of a sentence of this Court, a precognition, containing a full detail of the circumstances which had then occurred, and of all the precautions previously adopted by the Magistrates of Edinburgh, was taken before the Sheriff-depute of the county of Edinburgh, and laid before the Lord Advocate; from which it appeared, that while, in point of fact, the result of the investigation, as to discovering the persons principally concerned in the riot and attempt to carry off the body of the criminal, has been unsuccessful, notwithstanding every exertion on the part of the Sheriff-depute, the Lord Advocate, after giving the matter the most deliberate consideration, has been able to form an opinion that there are no grounds for any proceedings, at his instance, against the Magistrates of Edinburgh; that, in other respects, he was confident such measures would be taken as the circumstances of the case required, by those on whom that duty was incumbent; and that, in conformity with what was done in the case of James Macgregor alias Drummond, on the 22d of January 1753, (this man made his escape from Edinburgh Castle by stratagem, and was never heard of

afterwards,) a copy of the whole precognition had been lodged in the hands of the Court, for the information and satisfaction of their Lord. ships." At the suggestion of the Lord Justice-Clerk, the Court approved of the conduct of the Lord Advocate, and, for that reason, ordered the precognition to be returned unopened to his Lordship; as, from the explanation given, and there being no point to decide, the Court judged it unnecessary to inspect it.

The Anniversary of Burns's Birth was celebrated at Dumfries by a numerous and respectable meeting, at which Mr John Macdiarmid, Editor of the Dumfries and Galloway Courier, delivered a most appropriate and eloquent speech on the poetic character and genius of our national Bard.

The notorious Henry Hunt, who a short time ago presided at a reform meeting at Manchester, has addressed a letter to his Royal Highness the Commander-in-chief, complaining of some outrages committed on him at the Theatre of that place, by some officers of the 7th Regiment of Hussars. The whole appears to have been a mere frolic.

30. The Danish Government has succeeded in negotiating a loan with some merchants of Hamburgh and Altona, to the amount of 6,000,000 marks Banco, nearly L. 500,000 Sterling, at the present rate of the exchange with this country. The house of Black, with that of Mayer, Trier, and Jenisch, a member of the Senate, have taken each one million; the remainder is subscribed for by three merchants of Hamburgh, and four at Altona. The terms appear to be extremely favourable to the contractors: the loan is said to have been concluded at 621, producing an interest of full 8 per cent. The whole of the loan is