tainous glens to the sea-coasts, and other situations better suited to advance their own interests, and to increase the prosperity of the country. So strongly, however, were the inhabitants attached to their ancient customs, and modes of living, that the change was not effected but by the adoption of the most decisive measures, on the part of the land proprietors, and even their masters were opposed with a spirit, on the part of the mountaineers, which gave the fullest evidence of their reluctance to relinquish the habitations and pursuits of their ancestors. In 1820 the opposition to their removal totally subsided, and the hardy inhabitants are now establishing fisheries, and devoting themselves to agricultural improvements, in those situations which are best calculated to reconcile them to their new occupations, and to excite them, by their advantages, to habits of industry and perseverance. The county gives the title of earl to the Sutherland family. It sends one member to parliament. SUTLER, n. s. Belg. soeteler; Germ. sudler. A man that sells provisions and liquor in a camp. I shall sutler be Unto the camp, and profits will accrue. Shakspeare. Henry V. Send to the sutler's, there you're sure to find The bully matched with rascals of his kind. Dryden. SUTTON (Thomas), esq., founder of the Charter-house, was born at Knaith in Lincolnshire, in 1532, of an ancient and genteel family. He was educated at Eton, and Cambridge, and studied the law in Lincoln's-Inn; but preferred travelling, and during his absence his father died, and left him a large fortune. On his return he became secretary to the earl of Warwick, and his brother the earl of Leicester. By the former, in 1569, he was appointed master of the ordnance at Berwick; and, distinguishing himself greatly on the rebellion which broke out in the north, he obtained a patent for that office for life. He was one of the chiefs of those 1500 men who marched into Scotland, by order of queen Elizabeth, to assist the regent, Morton, in 1573. He purchased the manors of Gateshead and Wickham; which, producing coal mines, became to him a source of extraordinary wealth. Soon after this he married a rich widow, who brought him a considerable estate; and, commencing merchant, riches flowed in to him. He was likewise a commissioner for prizes, and took a Spanish ship worth £20,000. His whole fortune, at his death, was, in land, £5000 a year; in money above £60,000; the greatest estate then in the possession of any private gentleman. He lived with great munificence and hospitality; but, losing his lady in 1602, he retired from the world, and, having no issue, he purchased of the earl of Suffolk Howard House, or the Charter-house, near Smithfield, for £13,000, where he founded the present hospital, in 1611, for the relief of poor men and children. He died December 11th, 1611, at Hackney, aged seventy-nine. His body was conveyed to Christ-church, and there deposited, till 1614, when it was removed to the charter-house, and interred in the chapel under a magnificent tomb. SUTTON (Samuel), was born at Alfretton in Derbyshire, and going into the army served under the duke of Marlborough in queen Anne's wars with great credit. He afterwards came to London, commenced brewer, and kept a coffeehouse in Aldersgate Street, which was well frequented by the learned men of that time, by whom Mr. Sutton was much respected as a man of strong natural parts and cultivated genius. About 1740 he schemed a very simple and natural method for extracting the foul air from the wells of ships, by pipes communicating with the fire-places of the coppers; which operated as long as any fire was kept burning for the ship's use. He took out a patent in 1744, to secure the profits of his invention; and died in 1752. SUTTON-COLEFIELD, a market-town in Hemlingford hundred, Warwick. One mile from Warwick, and 110 from London. The parish is very extensive, but the town is situate in a very bleak and barren tract of land. It has a good church, with a square tower, containing six bells. Here is a free grammar-school, which, with other very considerable advantages to the town and the poor, was founded by Vesey, bishop of Exeter, in the reign of Henry VIII. The Birmingham trade has been introduced here. The town is governed by a warden and ten alderIts chase (the remains of a forest) is an extensive tract. Market on Monday. Trinity-Monday, and November 8th. men. Fairs, SUTTULEGE, SETLEGE, or SUDLEGE, a celebrated river of Hindostan, the easternmost of the five which are called the Punjab. It rises in the Himalaya mountains, and, running to the south-west, is joined by the Beyah or Hyphasis, in the lat. of 30° N. The united streams fall into the Indus, near 29°. It is estimated to be about 600 miles in length, and to be navigable by large boats for 200 miles above its junction with the Indus. SUTURE, n. s. Lat. sutura. A manner of sewing or stitching wounds. See below. unite by inosculation: to maintain this situation, Wounds, if held in close contact for some time, reseveral sorts of sutures have been invented: those now chiefly described are the interrupted, the glovers, the quilled, the twisted, and the dry sutures; but the interrupted and twisted are almost the only useful ones. Sharp's Surgery. Many of our vessels degenerate into ligaments, and the sutures of the skull are abolished in old age. Arbuthnot. SUTURE, in anatomy. See ANATOMY. SUTURE, in surgery. See SURGERY. SUVARROF, SUWARROW, or SUWOROW (Alexander, count Rymnikski), a late eminent general in the Russian service. His family was ancient and respectable; but being far from affluent, and their property lying at the extremity of the empire, the subject of this memoir was the first of the family that ever was at court. He was born in 1730. His father had destined him for the law, but his inclination led him to the profession of a soldier; and in 1742 he was enrolled as a fusilier in the guards of Seimorow. He was afterwards a corporal, then a serjeant, and in 1754 he quitted the guards with the brevet of lieutenant in the army. He made his first campaign in the seven years war against the Prussians, in 1759, entering upon actual service under prince Wolgonski. In 1761 he was ordered on service in the light troops under general Berg; and with the rank of a lieutenant colonel he performed prodigies of valor. At the peace of 1762 he received from the empress a colonel's commission, written with her own hand; and being advanced, in 1768, to the rank of brigadier, he was, in November, ordered to repair to the frontiers of Poland. The object of the empress, at this time, was to subdue the Polish confederates, and to possess herself of certain provinces of that ill-fated kingdom. How completely she and her two allies, the emperor of Germany and the king of Prussia, succeeded in their enterprise, has been related under PoLAND. Here we need only observe that the successes of the Russians were chiefly owing to the military skill of Suworow. In 1770 he had been promoted to the rank of major-general; and, for his exploits in the Polish war, the empress conferred upon him, at different times, the orders of St. Anne, St. George, and Alexander Newsky. After performing some important services on the frontiers of Sweden, Suworow was ordered, in 1773, to join the army in Moldavia, under fieldmarshal Romanzow; and there he began that successful career which soon made his name a terror to the Turks. His first exploit was the taking of Turtukey. During the remainder of the war, which was short, Suworow was constantly engaged, and constantly successful. Early in 1774, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general, and on the 11th of June he defeated the Turks in a great battle. Soon after this victory, peace was concluded, and Suworow was called to Moscow to quell the rebellion of the Cossac Pugatscheff. For several years after Suworow was employed in the Crimea, on the Kuban, and against the Nogay Tartars, in a service, which, though it was of the utmost importance to the empress, and required all his address, furnished no opportunities for that wonderful promptitude and resource which had characterised his more active campaigns. In the end of 1786, Suworow was promoted to the rank of general-inchief; and, at the breaking out of the war with the Turks in 1787, he made a most masterly defence of Kinburn; a place of little strength, but great importance, as it is situated at the mouth of the Dnieper, opposite to Oczakow. For his zeal and abilities, on this occasion, the empress honored him with the order of St. Andrew. At the siege of Oczakow, Suworow, who commanded the left wing of the army under prince Potemkin, received a dangerous wound in the neck, which was followed by so smart a fever, that, for some time his life was despaired of; but, preferring regimen to medicine, his health was gradually re-established. In 1789 he was appointed to command the army which was to cooperate with the prince of Saxe-Coburg in Walachia; and, by marches of inconceivable rapidity, he twice, in two months, preserved the army of that prince from destruction. Putting himself at the head of 8000 Russians, and literally running to the aid of his ally, he came up with the Turks in time to change the fate of the day at the battle of Forhani, which was fought on the 21st of July; and again at Rymnik, which with 7000 men he had reached with equal celerity, he gained, on the 22d of September, in conjunction with the prince, one of the greatest victories that have ever been achieved. No quarter was given to the Turks; and on this account the Russian general has been charged with savage ferocity. The taking of Bender and Belgrade were the immediate consequences of the victory of Rymnik; and so sensible was the emperor Joseph II. how much the military skill of Suworow had contributed to that victory, that he created him a count of the Roman empire, and accompanied the diploma with a very flattering letter. Similar honors were conferred upon him by Catherine II., who sent him the diploma of count of the empire of Russia, with the title of Rymnikski, and the order of St. Andrew. In autumn 1790 he took Ismailow, after being defended by the Turks at an expense of 33,000 men killed or dangerously wounded; 10,000 taken prisoners; besides 6000 women and children, and 2000 Christians of Moldavia, who fell in one general massacre. Peace being concluded with the Turks, in December 1791, no events occurred from that period to call forth the talents of Suworow till 1794; when mutinies having broken out among the Polish troops in the service of Russia, and the empress with her two allies having resolved on the second partition of Poland, Suworow received orders, in May, to proceed into Red Russia, with a corps of 15,000 men, and to disarm all the Polish troops in that province. This service he soon performed, disarming in less than a fortnight 8000 men, dispersed over a country of 130 miles in circuit. Soon afterwards he was ordered to march into Poland; the king of Prussia having raised the siege of Warsaw, and the empress perceiving that more vigorous measures were necessary to accomplish her design. Under the article POLAND we have given a detailed account of his route to Warsaw. Suffice it to add that he in the course of a very few months overturned the kingdom and republic of Poland. For this service Catherine promoted him to the rank of field-marshal general, loading him with jewels and presenting him with an estate of 7000 peasants in the district of Kubin, which had been the scene of his first battle in the campaign. From the subjugation of Poland we hear little more of Suworow till he entered upon his great career in Italy. For his services in this part of Europe Paul rewarded him by creating him a prince by the title of prince Suworow Italiski; but he gave him a very different reception when he returned into the Russian dominions at the head of his veteran bands. He would not see him, and positively forbad his appearance at court. To the messenger who brought the order, he gave a purse of money, turned his carriage another way, and drove to a wooden house at a distance from the court, and from his former friends, where the conqueror of the Turks, the Poles, and the French republicans, died, almost unattended, on the 18th of May, 1800. The sovereign, who thus disgraced him at the end of his life, gave him a magnificent funeral! In his person Suworow was tall, considerably exceed |