TURKEY AND RUSSIA.

To show how far the London Times carries its advocacy of Russian interests, we copy a paragraph of 27th October. So persevering has the advocacy been, that we fully believe it to have been for "a

consideration."

fence, by sending troops to the Imperial frontiers, to Anatolia, and Roumelia, it has at the same time, in compliance with its system and pacific principles, exhausted all the means of negotiation, and proposed a moderate arrangement, and made every effort for the preservation of peace at all times a cherished and sacred object-but all was of no THAT there is a party in the country which avail; and, finally, the Russian army crossed would welcome a war with Russia is not to the Pruth, and has invaded the provinces of be denied, and the explanation is to be sought Moldavia and Wallachia, hereditary provin the working of democratic principles. A inces of his majesty, the Sultan. NotwithRussian war is considered desirable in these standing this state of things, the Sublime quarters, because Russia is the acknowledged Porte had recourse to intermediation, with a supporter of absolutism, because she repre- view to reconciliation, in the interest of the sents irresponsible and anti-popular govern- maintenance of peace, but it has not been ment, because she interfered to crush Hun- possible; and, in consequence, a National garian independence, and because her inter- Council was convoked by the Porte on the vention might again be forthcoming at similar 22d and 23d of the month of Zelludge, comconjunctures. These sentiments are entirely posed of the Sizirs, Caserkers, Ulemas, milidisconnected from the ostensible causes of tary chiefs, and other functionaries, and the quarrel. The Czar has encroached upon the question was examined in all its bearings. privileges of the Sultan, and has committed It being clear and evident that, as the Court an aggression upon territorial rights; but of Russia declines to accept an arrangement such allegations are used merely as pretexts. to which the Sublime Porte can adhere, the Proceedings of exactly the same character peaceful solution of these differences is not excited no disapprobation when they were possible; it being known to all the world that reported from the United States. Of the two it was Russia who violated all the treaties by cases, the piratical descent upon Cuba, with- invading the Ottoman territory; and the out the shadow of a justification, was cer- promulgation of such a state of things being tainly more gross than the occupation of the hurtful, it was unanimously decided to place Danubian principalities, as excused by the our confidence in divine aid, and in that of Czar; and, indeed, the undisguised language our Holy Prophet, to undertake war, and of Americans, as regards territorial aggrand- order the troops to move. This decision of izement, exceeds any views on the subject the council was confirmed by a Fetoa of the ever expressed by the Russian government. Yet no meetings were called upon the question of Cuba, and sentiments rather favorable than otherwise to the Transatlantic system of annexation were openly professed in those very circles where the demand for war against Russia is now most loudly made. The simple reason for this difference is, that the United States form a democratic republic, whereas Russia is a despotism.

Sheik-ul-Islam, a Fetoa which it was thought proper to put into execution; and a report to that effect having been laid at the foot of the throne for the orders of the Sultan, the decision of the general council was sanctioned by a Hatti-Sherif, and the whole made known to the Caserkers of the divisions of the army in Roumelia and Anatolia, and to all the inhabitants of the empire, by the publication of firmans. Therefore you also will convene the Imams of the districts, and you will say to them that as it is Russia which gave rise to this affair, and that as it is on her that the responsibility will fall, they must address prayers to the God of Battles for the triumph of the Sublime Porte and of the Imperial troops, and we enjoin them to pray incessantThe acceptance of the propositions, as made ly and with fervor for the success of our by Russia, and which are known to all the cause. And at the same time you will make world, relative to the religious privileges, it clearly understood to all, that as this war would not only have been an infringement of is a war against a government which, withthe sovereign rights and independence of the Ottoman Empire, but would be the immediate source, as also in the future, of all sorts of prejudices from which God preserve you! Russia has assumed a menacing attitude by making such immense preparations for war.

We copy the moderate and unanswerable proc-
lamation of the Turkish government.
COPY OF AN ORDER OF THE GRAND VIZIER, TO BE
MADE PUBLIC TO THE INHABITANTS OF CON-

STANTINOPLE, EYOUB, SCUTARI AND GALATA.

out the slightest reason, has violated the rights of the independence of the Ottoman Empire, the amicable relations which exist between the Sublime Porte and the other friendly powers have not suffered the slightest alteration in consequence of this situation; As regards the Sublime Porte, whilst taking and consequently no one must be allowed to on its side measures of precaution and de-molest the merchants or subjects of those

powers, nor persons professing a different tion of war is not a rare fact in the existence of
religion, as regards their life, honor, and prop-nations, and this is not the first time that the
erty; and no one shall be allowed to molest same rivalities have been seen at variance on the
them in any manner whatsoever, for the law same ground. The nature and importance of
protects the life, the honor, and property of the interests involved in the difference, in touch-
every class of subjects, and of Rayahs, as our ing more directly perhaps the other cabinets of
own; all must be treated, according to our for regarding with calm this new modification in
Europe and France, are only additional reasons
sacred laws, in every circumstance, with
the affairs of the East. From the outset of this
justice, and enjoy the most perfect security crisis the government of his imperial majesty had
in a word, it is repugnant to the sacred law duly weighed all its bearings; it had compre-
as well as to common sense, as it has been hended that the integrity and independence of
made known in the past, to regard the Rayahs the Ottoman Empire were at stake, and that they
of the Sublime Porte, who profess a religion could not be compromised without producing a
bearing conformity to that of Russia, as grave alteration in the balance of power on which
responsible for the conduct of the Russian the security of Europe is dependent. The occu-
government. What that government demands, pation of the Danubian principalities, contrary
it demands in its own interests, and to increase to the stipulations of treaties, soon showed to
its influence. The subjects of the Sublime
Porte have enjoyed for centuries the religious
privileges accorded to them by the Ottoman
Emperors, under the special protection of the
Sublime Porte; and those privileges acquire
daily additional strength and greater extension.
They are aware that the pretence of the Russian
government to take them under its protection
would only tend to weaken them.

You will make it well known to all men that one of the external causes of the triumph implored is that all classes of his highness may live together in harmony; that none shall molest or humiliate another; and that all shall endeavor to live in perfect union, and serve their common country.

If from negligence, ignorance, or ill-will, any one should act in opposition to these legitimate orders, he shall be severely pun

ished.

All the above dispositions were decreed in the general councils recently held. You will therefore have a care that no one shall act contrary to the above orders.

This 5th Manharem, 1270 (8th Oct., 1853).

every one the character of universality which the question possessed from its very commencement. The various cabinets were profoundly moved by that act. Already Great Britain was cooperat mark the solicitude which, together with us, she ing with us in a naval demonstration intended to felt for the independence of Turkey. The two governments found in those of Austria and Prussia a cooperation which enabled them to give to the negotiations opened for the purpose of devising an amicable solution that European character which they should have possessed. Thanks to that concert, created by the incontestable community of their interests, hopes could for a time be entertained of a pacific termination. It may be remembered that this unity of efforts was manifested in a note in which the cabinets endeavored, not without having great difficulties to overcome, to assign to each of the belligerent lot of each in the rights in dispute. The interparties the just share which ought to fall to the pretation given by one of these parties to this note led to the apprehension that the common work of the conference of Vienna did not respond exactly to the intention which had inspired it, and that it did not attain the object which had been held in view, namely, the maintenance of the sovereign rights of the Sultan - the only certain basis of the independence of the Ottoman Porte, and consequently of the European equilibrium. The Porte having then decided that war alone was suited to her diguity, the government of his majesty the emperor had not to

From the Paris Correspondent of the Morning Chronicle.
COURSE OF THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT.
THE great event of to-day is a note on the
Eastern question, which appears in the Mon-depart from the line of policy which it had from
iteur. It is the first time that the official
organ of the French government has made
any allusion to the Russo-Turkish quarrel;
and as the article in question may be taken as
an official programme of the intentions of the
French government, I transcribe it at full
length :-

the commencement traced out for itself. Then, as on the occupation of the Danubian principalities, it found itself in the same views with the government of her Britannic Majesty; and the two cabinets gave orders to their squadrons to pass the Dardanelles. At the present moment the fleets ought to have anchored in the Sea of Marmora. Peace is the permanent interest of nations. Penetrated with that thought, the emAs the official documents recently published peror, when on the eve of occupying the throne have shown, the question opened several months to which the will of the country had called him, since at Constantinople has just entered on a gave a solemn assurance of his intention to coopnew phase. The Porte has come to the decision erate with all his efforts in the preservation of that at the point at which matters had arrived peace, the benefits of which Europe was happily she was bound to renounce the mode of negotia- enjoying. But that peace would evidently fail tions, and it now no longer appears allowable to in its essential condition, if it ceased to have for hope that a conflict can be avoided. A declara-basis the equilibrium which is necessary to the

maintenance of the rights and to the security of the interests of all. Such are the considerations which had decided the sending of the fleet from Toulon to Salamis, and from Salamis to Besika Bay. Such is, again, the thought which will guide it in the new destination which it has received; and such is the object which the gov-earthenware, more broadcloth, blankets, carpets, ernment of the emperor will not lose sight of until peace shall have been established on the only foundations which can render it profitable and sure. Such an undertaking was worthy of uniting together the flags of the two great states of the west, and of thus producing the noble spectacle of a perfect understanding, both in action and in negotiation. If, on the other hand, the governments which gave their cooperation to the two cabinets in the conference of Vienna do not think fit to join in the naval demonstrations made, in an interest which is common to them with France and England, the very evidence of that interest, however, leads to the belief that their neutrality cannot originate in indifference. If the governments which dispose of the material means most likely to exercise an influence on the march of events have considered it their duty to approach the theatre of action, the cooperation of the two other cabinets cannot consequently be lost for the negotiations which may serve to facilitate a settlement of the difference. So many

view shows that there must be some prodigious mistake in this idea. In 1852, Great Britain manufactured some 800,000 or 900,000 bales of cotton more than it had done in 1842 ; and at the same time produced more coal, more iron and cutlery of all kinds, more glass, china, and

circumstances united in favor of a cause which is that of all Europe, allow eventualities to be looked at with security, and the result to be awaited with confidence.

It will be seen from this document that the French government is fully determined not to abandon Turkey in the struggle with Russia, and that the eventuality of war is not only looked upon as probable, but as a matter which France will in case of necessity not avoid. The impression here is that the note of the Moniteur is an announcement that the period for negotiation is at an end, and that the period for action has arrived. It is also remarked that this note affords clear evidence of the displeasure felt by the French and English governments at the attitude assumed by

and every other kind of woollen fabric; imported more timber, built more houses, made more furniture; and, in short, produced every sort of useful or ornamental commodity in greater abundance than it had ever done in a single year at any former period. Take two items as a sample of the progress we have made in production within these ten years: - In 1842, we imported 1,384,894 bales of cotton; in 1852, 2,351,522 bales. In 1845, we imported 527,327 loads of foreign and colonial timber; in 1852, 2,090,914 loads - an increase of about 300 per cent. Now, let us see what, at the two periods respectively, were the quantities taken for consumption of some of the larger items of grocery and provisions :

Sugar-cwts.
Molasses
Tea-lbs.
Butter-cwts.
Coffee - do.

Cheese-do.
Eggs-number,
Rice-cwts.
Currants do.
Raising.
Apples-bushels, .

-do.

7,172,847

809,286 54,713,034 34,977,953

286,385

279,575

108,278,539

552,024

362,337

228,386

372,118

By whom was this enormous additional quantity of eatables amounting, in the article of sugar, to 8,304,381 cwts. consumed? Not by the easy-classes, who in 1842 had pretty nearly as much of the good things as they wanted, and were therefore not likely to increase this consumption greatly in 1852-but mainly by the working-classes, whose additional earnings enabled them to indulge in additional comforts. Chambers' Edinburgh Journal.

Austria and Prussia in the affair. NotwithLOUIS XVIII.-Monsieur, afterwards Louis standing the evident caution and studied XVIII., perceiving that his brother, the Count moderation of the language of the Moniteur, d'Artois, and the chief members of the youthful it leaves no further doubt of the part which nobility, distinguished themselves by their skill at France will take in the affair, and we may tennis, took it into his head to become a profilook forward forthwith for vigorous measures cient in the game; though the embonpoint which befitting the occasion. The explication of the he had attained, even at that early age, rendered Moniteur, coming as it does with the an- the accomplishment of his wishes somewhat diffinouncement that the squadrons have passed the Straits of the Dardanelles, is considered a complete triumph for the Sultan, who declined to grant a firman till he had received assurances of active assistance from the two

'Powers.

cult of attainment.

After taking a considerable number of lessons from the master of the royal tennis court at Versailles, he one day challenged his royal brother to first racquet boy for a private opinion of his a match; and, after it was over, appealed to the progress. "It is just this here," said the garçon; "if your royal highness wasn't quite so grossier, and had a little better head on your shoulders, you'd do nearly as well as Monseigneur the Count d'Artois. As it is, you make a poor hand

HOW THE MONEY GOES.-It is a very common cry that the increased earnings of the workingclasses are spent in debauchery; but a sound practical article in the British Quarterly Re-of it."

LITTELL'S LIVING AGE.-No. 500.-17 DECEMBER, 1853.

POETRY: Modesty and Beauty-The Setting Sun, 705; The Path Across the Hills-A Season of Pain - Donnybrook Fair, 706.

SHORT ARTICLES: Improvements in Lithography, 736; Sale of Autographs-Ossianic Surnames, 740; Compulsory Vaccination, 744; New Museum opened in Paris- A Moderate Man, 761; Generations, 766; Corbières, 768.

NEW BOOKS: The Late Revolution in Prussia-Habits and Instincts of Birds, 767; Lord Bacon and Sir Walter Raleigh-Lord Bacon's Essays, 768.

CORRESPONDENCE.

MASTER SLENDER was very much astonished and disgusted, when, after running away in the dark with "Sweet Anne Page," he discovered that he had been imposed upon by a lubberly boy." We fear that the many readers who have so greatly loved "The Maiden Aunt," will be angry that her name is Richard Brinsley Knowles, Esq. Alas, it is so !

The author of "Lady Lee's Widowhood" is said to be Capt. Hanley, of the English Royal Artillery. This is as well as could be expected.

From the Illustrated Magazine.

MODESTY AND BEAUTY.

NOT for Chloe's laughing eye,
Bright with fancy beaming;
Not for Chloe's lip I sigh,
But her modest seeming.

No; nor could her cheek so fair,
Rosied dam:sk though it be,
Half my glow of love inspire

Were 't not for her modesty.

Neither do I yet despise

Hand that's soft nor face that 's fair,
Glad heart that smiles thro' sunny eyes,
Nor cheeks where roses are.
But there is a grace so sweet
In modesty -so chaste, so pure
Every other grace might meet,
Yet fail to charm like her!

Say the eye can touch one heart-
It shall win a thousand more,
LIVING AGE. VOL. III.

45

I recked not-all my sunshine was to come; O, DONNYBROOK FAIR! all have heard of your