The conduct of Captain Ingraham is a very proper subject for accusal and explanation; but until it was explicitly adopted by his own government in a categorical reply to the statement on the part of the Austrian government, America is not really brought into court, and thus the foreign powers are called upon by Austria to form conclusions upon an ex-parte

gained his end. For his end was not, in all probability, permanently to occupy the Principalities, nor to obtain the protectorate of the Christian subjects of the Porte, but to strike a fresh blow at the prestige and to add a new wound to the weakness of Turkey. His end was not to march straight and at once to Constantinople, but only to pave a few more leagues of the road which is one day to lead him thither.

The relations in which the two powers Even if the Porte accepts the suggestions of stand greatly aggravate the inconvenience of the Four Powers, and if Russia evacuates the this course. On more than one occasion the Principalities, still the mischief has been done. American government has shown no indis- The Czar has been virtually successful, and we position to undertake a quarrel with Austria, have been virtually baffled. We do not say and Austria shows no disposition to shrink; this by way of blame either to our own governbut it is desirable for the peace of Europe that ment or to that of France. It could scarcely neither nation should be driven to extremi- have turned out otherwise. In the present ties. The collective opinion of Europe would state of civilization, the struggle must always be the best check; but the form in which be an unequal one between recklessness and Austria makes the present appeal not only caution-between love of peace and indifferfails to facilitate the intervention of other ence to war -between unscrupulous aggresstates, but almost precludes them by its illogi- sion on the one hand and calculating prudence cal reasoning and irregular appeal. Without on the other. It was worth while for Russia a well-ascertained locus standi in court, to seize much, for the sake of being permitted Austria has almost cut herself off from a reg- to retain a little. It was worth while for Turkey ular appeal to law upon the subject; and, to submit to a certain injury for the sake of should actual extremities ensue, it is very avoiding the incalculable cost and the uncertain difficult to see how any of the powers could issue of a war. It was worth while for Europe to interfere on behalf of one which has rendered meditate between the robber and his victim, on its case technically so difficult to approach. the principle not of justice and of punishment, It is not very probable that the American but of expediency and of bargain, in order to esgovernment, as such, will take any proceed- cape a conflagration which might have involved. ings against the Austrian empire, but there whole nations and burnt up many dynasties. is sufficient irregular enterprise in the United Russia knew all this well, and calculated on it States to make political or pecuniary capital shrewdly. She probably never contemplated out of the Austrian empire; if that power a war; but she knew that her opponents would should place itself even for a brief space be- connive at some portion of her unjust aggresyond the pale of the public law, its house is sions in order to avert one; and that, hownot so solid that it can afford to risk even ever much she was compelled to recede, it could improbable hazards. Other powers, which scarcely be to the whole extent of her advance. must feel a very imperfect sympathy with the Aggression is a safe game to play, either with Austrian dynasty or policy, would yet do weak, with timid, with cautious, with scruputheir best to sustain the peace of Europe, if lous, with calculating, or with peace-loving an appeal were made to them in some form antagonists. less seriously inconvenient than the present.

From the Economist, 3 Sept.

We will suppose that the dispute is now settled on the terms proposed, and that Russia evacuates the Danubian Provinces and returns to her old profession of magnanimity and modTHE EASTERN QUESTION. eration. She will still have made great prog FOR Six months the quarrel between Russia ress towards her ultimate object. In the first and Turkey has been harassing the statesmen place, she has given a great stimulus to the and perplexing the merchants of Europe; and, internal political movements of the Greek and in spite of repeated announcements that all Sclavonian Provinces of Turkey. She has was satisfactorily arranged, a final settlement shown them on how frail a tenure the Porte of the affair seems still distant and uncertain. now holds her sovereignty in Europe, how One thing only seems clear, as the issue of the shaken is the sceptre of their former masters, whole transaction- that Russian violence has how much nearer than they dreamed may be been too clever for the diplomacy of Western their day of emancipation and supremacy. In Europe. The Czar has been prompt, astute, and the second place, she has roughly disturbed unscrupulous: we have been slow, cautious, the organization of the Hospodarships, diverted and pacific; and though we may have forced him to retire from a position which he should never have reached, still we have been outmanoeuvred. He has lost his character, but he has

their revenue, confused their administration, familiarized their inhabitants with Russian domination, and taken care (we may presume) not to disgust them with Russian behavior.

Or again :

asm

by the secret machinations of Russia — should prove too strong for diplomatic policy and prudence, and should insist on resolute resistance and immediate war. Suppose, too, that Persia and Circassia, which are both ready for hostilities, should proceed actively to aid Ottoman fanaticism. Suppose that, by the indiscreet zeal of subordinates on either side, the first blow should be struck, and blood begin to flow,

She will have left behind her many indelible to accede to the proposal of the Four Powers traces of her occupation, will retain many clues - which, as it is sure to be founded less on of intrigue, will have established communica- strict justice than on concession and on cointions through which she can at any time foment promise, she may well do -in what position disturbances which will give her an excuse for will we and she find ourselves then? Can we future interference, or excite conspiracies join Russia in compelling her to submission? which may keep the Porte in perpetual hot Can we make ourselves parties to an unjust water. Thirdly, she has compelled Turkey to aggression? Can we join in coercing her to lay the foundation of future embarrassment take advice which we gave only because concesand weakness by the vast expense in which sion was more prudent than resistance? Or her preparations for hostilities have involved can we sit tamely by and allow Russia to enher. The most distant provinces of the em- force her demands upon our miserable ally, unpire have been summoned to send in their con- just and fatal as we believe them to be, because tingents; Egypt has sent her regiments of reg-that ally has rejected our arbitration? Or, ulars, Syria and Anatolia their cavalry; the finally, can we aid Turkey in doing that which militia has been armed; the reserve called by our arbitration we have counselled her not out; munitions of war provided at a ruinous to do? In any case, we shall be in a position cost; the navy placed in readiness for active of singular and painful perplexity :-in any service; and altogether an outlay has been in-case, it is evident that Russia, and not France, curred and uselessly incurred- which the England, nor Turkey, will have cause for jubirevenue of Turkey will be years before it can lation. recover, and which will most fatally impair suppose that Turkish enthusiher power of resisting any future encroach- aroused as it has been by the Sultan's ments or demands. Lastly, Russia has given government, stimulated as we know it is by a heavy blow and a great discouragement" the ultra-Mahometan party in the empire, foto Ottoman loyalty and zeal. The fanati-mented as we have reason to believe it will be cism of the Turks has been summoned forth from its recesses-only to be told that it is not needed and may go to sleep again. The warlike enthusiasm of the remotest tribes has been aroused and called upon as if for immediate action-only to learn that this alarm, like all previous ones, has ended in tame and, as they will deem, ignominious submission. The steam has been got up with every sign of urgency and vigor-only to be blown off who would be able to withhold all the inagain, to the infinite disgust and disheartening flammable materials now collected around of the Faithful. The fatal habit of yielding has Turkey from feeding the general conflagration? had one other link added to its chain. Russia What could prevent the formation and employhas done all this, and has contrived to do it ment of a regiment of Hungarian refugees? through the medium of the friends of Turkey. If so, would Austria, or could she, be faithful This is what Russia will have gained by her to the Western Powers? An Hungarian inunjustifiable violence, on the supposition least surrection must follow-perhaps an Italian favorable to her-viz., that the Porte accepts one; and the part which France and England the proposal of the powers, and that the Czar would have to play would become complicated immediately evacuates the Principalities. But to a degree which it is positively bewildering supposing-what seems very probable, and to contemplate. what we may be sure Russia is endeavoring by every secret intrigue to bring about that Turkey demurs to suggestions which may amount to at all events some unpopular concession to unprincipled aggression; supposing that she delays her acceptance so as to give Russia an excuse for remaining in the Principalities till it be too late in the season for an army to move, or a fleet to manoeuvre in the Euxine -so that Gortschakoff shall winter at Jassay and at Bucharest-then Russia may end in passing a whole year in the territory of her foe, living at his cost, preying on his vitals, seducing his subjects from their allegiance, in a word, doing all that subterranean and insidious work which no one knows how to do so well. Or if the Porte should finally decline

Probably our mistake-the mistake of France and England was in not having, immediately the Russians crossed the Pruth, sent our fleets into the Black Sea, and declared the Dardanelles and the Euxine henceforth free to the navies of every nation. Russia would then have been glad to accept any terms in order to escape from an event which she dreads more than almost any other. Our protectorate of Turkey would then have been an effectual one; and we should always have been at hand to cover Constantinople and to watch Sebastopol. Is it too late now to take this decisive and conclusive step? Not, surely, if Russia delays a single day, on any pretext, to evacuate the Principalities.

LITTELL'S LIVING AGE.-No. 491.-15 OCTOBER, 1853.

CONTENTS.

Chambers' Journal,

148

Eliza Cook's Journal,

153

New Monthly Magazine, 156

Household Words,

161

Chambers' Journal,.

166

Fraser's Magazine,

167

New Monthly Magazine, 173

Times,
Economist,

180

191

POETRY J. H. Bright, 129; Earthly Honors
Nursed her Sorrow, 152.

SHORT ARTICLES: The Cucumber, 152; Shakspeare Pilgrim-Polecats, 165; The Cunning Thrush, 179; Extraordinary Site of a Tree, 192.

NEW BOOKS: Treatise on the Book of Common Prayer, 160; The Old House by the River, 179.

To revel in its light, he turned away,
And sought his chamber to lie down and die.

It was written by J. Huntington Bright, Esq.,
who was born in Salem, Mass., in 1804, and
died at the South in the year 1837, at the age
of thirty-three. Through the columns of the
Albany Argus and Knickerbocker Magazine
he has given to the world imperishable gems
of thought, under the signature of "Viator."
The piece we quote from is a touching produc-
tion. But no less beautiful is his "In Coelo
Quies," which Mr. Bryant called "
one of
his most touching lyrics.' But I can do no
better than quote it; although it is worthy of
a more lasting place than the columns of a
newspaper:

A wooden slab now marks the spot where lie his remains; and it is melancholy to think that one so strongly endeared by domestic ties, should die among strangers and be buried in 1575.

Clerk in charge-E. J. H. Helpman.
Fifty-seven petty officers, seamen,
&c.
complement, 68. Total complement of the two.
ships, 138.

The instructions issued to the expedition are too voluminous for insertion here; but their general purport is sufficiently well known. The ships, after entering Lancaster Sound, were to proceed in a nearly due-west direction, "in the latitude of about 744° N., until they should reach the longitude of that portion of land in which Cape Walker is sit uated, or about 98° W." From that. point, effort was to be made "to penetrate to every seas, the southward and westward, in a course as direct towards Behring's Strait as the position and extent of the ice, or the existence of land at present unknown, might admit."