under the act of the sixth and seventh years of King William the Fourth, 16 & 17 VICT. chapter eighty-five (a).

C. 100.

XII. All penalties by this act imposed shall be recoverable before any Recovery of two justices of the peace for the county, city, borough, or place where the penalties. offence may have been committed; and the provisions of the act of the twelfth year of her present Majesty, chapter forty-three, shall be appli

cable to the recovery of such penalties (b).

XIII. All penalties recovered under this act shall be applied in aid of Application the funds applicable to the relief of the poor in the parish or place main- of penalties. taining its own poor wherein the offence may have been committed.

I, the undersigned, hereby certify, that I am of opinion that the child of

aged

of the parish of

in the county of

is not now in a fit and proper state to be successfully vaccinated, and I do hereby postpone the vaccination until the

Dated this

day of

day of

SCHEDULE (C.)

I, the undersigned, hereby give you notice, and require you to have CD. vaccinated within three (or four, as the case may be, according to the second section of this act,) months after the birth, pursuant to the provisions and directions of the act of the 16 Victoria, cap. As witness my band this

day of

185

J.B.

.

I, the undersigned, hereby certify, that I am of opinion, that

c. 128.

16 & 17 VICT. c. 128.

16 & 17 VICT. An Act to abate the Nuisance arising from the Smoke of Furnaces in the Metropolis and from Steam Vessels above London Bridge (a). [20th August, 1853.]

Furnaces

in the metropolis to

consume their own smoke.

Steam

vessels on

above Lon

don Bridge to consume their own

smoke.

WHEREAS it is expedient to abate the nuisance arising from the smoke of furnaces in the metropolis and from steam vessels above London-bridge: be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords spiritual and temporal, and Commons, in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

I From and after the first day of August one thousand eight hundred and fifty-four every furnace employed or to be employed in the metropolis in the working of engines by steam, and every furnace employed or to be employed in any mill, factory, printing house, dyehouse, iron foundry, glasshouse, distillery, brewhouse, sugar refinery, bakehouse, gasworks, waterworks, or other buildings used for the purpose of trade or manufacture within the metropolis (although a steam engine be not used or employed therein), shall in all cases be constructed or altered so as to consume or burn the smoke arising from such furnace; and if any person shall, after the first day of August one thousand eight hundred and fiftyfour within the metropolis use any such furnace which shall not be constructed so as to consume or burn its own smoke, or shall so negligently use any such furnace as that the smoke arising therefrom shall not be effectually consumed or burnt, or shall carry on any trade or business which shall occasion any noxious or offensive effluvia (b), or otherwise annoy the neighbourhood or inhabitants, without using the best practicable means for preventing or counteracting such smoke or other annoyance, every person so offending, being the owner or occupier of the premises, or being a foreman or other person employed by such owner or occupier, shall, upon a summary conviction for such offence before any justice or justices, forfeit and pay a sum not more than five pounds nor less than forty shillings, and upon a second conviction for such offence the sum of ten pounds, and for each subsequent conviction a sum double the amount of the penalty imposed for the last preceding conviction: provided always, that nothing in this act shall extend or apply to any glass works or pottery works established and existing within the metropolis before the passing of this act, with the exception however of all steam engine furnaces and slip kiln furnaces employed in and belonging to such works respectively, to which furnaces the provisions of this act shall extend and apply.

II. From and after the first day of August one thousand eight hundred and fifty-four every steam engine and furnace used in the working of any the Thames steam vessel on the river Thames above London-bridge shall be constructed so as to consume the smoke arising from such engine and furnace; and if after the said first day of August one thousand eight hundred and fifty-four any steam engine or furnace by which any steam vessel shall be worked while the same shall be above (c) London-bridge shall not be constructed so as to consume or burn its own smoke, or such steam engine or furnace which shall be so constructed shall be wilfully or negligently used so that the smoke arising therefrom shall not be effectually consumed or burnt, the owner or master or other person having charge of such vessel shall, on a summary conviction for such offence before any justice or justices, forfeit and pay any sum not greater than five pounds nor less than forty shillings,

(a) See "Prevention of Smoke," p. 62.

(b) See 19 & 20 Vict. c. 107, s. 3, post.

(c) lbid., s. 1.

and upon a second conviction for such offence a sum of ten pounds, and 16 & 17 VICT. upon every other subsequent conviction for such offence a sum double the C. 128. amount of the penalty imposed for the last preceding conviction.

III. Provided always, that the words "consume or burn the smoke" Penalty not shall not be held in all cases to mean 66 consume or burn all the smoke," to attach and that the justice or justices before whom any person shall be summoned fuel not where only may remit the penalties enacted by this act if he or they shall be of opinion emitting that such person has so constructed or altered his furnace as to consume or smoke is burn as far as possible all the smoke arising from such furnace, and has used. carefully attended to the same, and consumed or burnt as far as possible the smoke arising from such furnace.

IV. If the owner or occupier of any premises or the commander of any Constables steam vessel to which the provisions of this act shall apply shall refuse to may be allow their premises or steam vessel to be inspected by a person duly to enter empowered authorised by the commissioners of police for that purpose, it shall be and inspect lawful for any constable authorised by warrant under the hand of one of furnaces her Majesty's principal secretaries of state, or (in the metropolitan police and steam district) by the order in writing of the commissioners of police of the engines. metropolis, or (in the city of London or liberties thereof) by the order in writing of the commissioner of police of the said city and liberties, with or without any assistant to enter into and upon any building or premises in the metropolis in which any furnace may be, or in which such noxious trade or business may be carried on, or into any steam vessel on the river Thames between London-bridge and Richmond-bridge, and to examine into the construction of such furnace, into the manner of carrying on such trade or business, or into the construction of the steam engine and furnace by which such vessel shall be worked; and any person obstructing any such constable or his assistant in the execution of any such warrant or order shall, upon a summary conviction for such offence before any justice or justices, forfeit and pay any sum not exceeding twenty pounds.

V. Provided always, that no information shall be laid against any person No informafor the recovery of any penalty under this act, except by the authority of tion to be laid except one of her Majesty's principal secretaries of state, or in the metropolitan by authorit police district by the commissioners of police of the metropolis, or in the of secretary city of London or liberties thereof by the commissioner of police of the said of state or city and liberties respectively, acting under the orders and directions of such secretary of state.

commissioners of

police of

metropolis or city of London. VI. In this act the expression "the metropolis" shall have the same Definition of metropolis. meaning and construction as is assigned to such expression for the purposes of the act of the last session of parliament, chapter eighty-five, "to amend 15 & 16 Vi the laws concerning the burial of the dead in the metropolis" (a).

c. 85.

VII. Nothing in this act shall be held to alter or repeal any of the pro- Not to affec visions of the city of London Sewers Act, 1851, or of the Whitechapel 14 & 15 Vict. Improvement Act, 1853.

c. 75, or 16 & 17 Vict. c. cxli.

VIII. All penalties by this act imposed shall be recoverable according Penalties to the provisions of the act of the twelfth year of her present Majesty, be recoverchapter forty-three (b).

(a) The schedule to the act referred to includes Fulham, Hammersmith, Willesden, Stoke Newington, Hackney, Stratford, Bromley, Woolwich, Charlton, Plumstead, Hatcham, Streatham, Tooting, Wandsworth, and Putney.

(b) See note, p. 55.

able under 11 & 12 Vict.

c. 43.

C. 114.

17 & 18 VICT. c. 114.

17 & 18 VICT. An Act to extend the Rights enjoyed by the Graduates of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge in respect to the Practice of Physic to the Graduates of the University of London (a). [11th August, 1854.]

Graduates

in medicine of the university of London to

WHEREAS a body politic and corporate, by the name of the University of London, has been constituted by the royal charter of her present Majesty, with power after examination to confer the several degrees of bachelor of medicine and doctor of medicine: and whereas it is expedient that such and the same privileges relating to the practice of physic as are enjoyed by graduates in medicine of either of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, by virtue of their degrees, or under any authority or licence now conferred upon them by either of the said last-mentioned universities, should be enjoyed by the graduates in medicine of the University of London be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords spiritual and temporal, and Commons, in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

I. Every bachelor of medicine and doctor of medicine of the said university of London shall by virtue of his degree, and without the necessity of undergoing any further examination, or of obtaining any further authority or licence, be forthwith entitled to practise physic, as fully, effectually, and extensively in all respects as any bachelor of medicine or doctor of medicine of either of the said universities of Oxford and Cambridge is entitled to practise by virtue of his degree or under any power, licence, or authority now conferred by either of the said last-mentioned universities: provided graduates of always, that the privileges hereby conferred shall not be construed so as to extend to the practice of surgery, pharmacy, or midwifery.

be entitled to practise physic in the same manner as

the uni

of the university of London indemnified for having acted with

versities of Oxford and II. And whereas it is appreher.ded that divers graduates in medicine of Cambridge. the said university of London are or may become exposed to divers forGraduates feitures, pains, or penalties by reason of their having practised physic in in medicine all or some or one of its branches, or of their having done acts as or under the description of physicians, or practitioners of physic, in all or some or one of its branches, without any other qualification for so doing than their having studied for and obtained the medical degrees of the last-mentioned university, and in particular it is apprehended that under the act passed out having in the session of parliament held in the sixteenth and seventeenth years of the reign of her present Majesty, chapter ninety-six, and the Lunatic Asylums Act, 1853, any graduate of the university of London practising as a physician, if not otherwise answering to the definition of a physician set forth in the interpretation clauses to such acts, who may have signed Cambridge. any certificates under those acts or either of them, in which he shall have

obtained authority from universities of Oxford or

been described as a physician, is liable to be indicted for a misdemeanor: be it enacted, that all such graduates in medicine of the said university of London who have so practised physic, or have so done any such act, or signed any such certificate as aforesaid, shall be indemnified, freed, and discharged from all such forfeitures, pains, penalties, and disabilities as they would or might have been exempt from had they taken their several degrees at or obtained authority or licence to practise from either of the said universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and that all such acts and certificates heretofore done or signed by any graduate in medicine of the said university of London shall be deemed to all intents and purposes as

valid and effectual as if this act had passed previously to the doing or 17 & 18 VICT. signing such acts and certificates respectively.

C. 114.

III. This act may be cited as The University of London Medical Short title. Graduates Act, 1854."

18 & 19 VICT. C. 116.

An Act for the better Prevention of Diseases (a).

[14th August, 1855.]

WHEREAS the provisions of "The Nuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention Act, 1848," amended by "The Nuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention Amendment Act, 1849," in so far as the same relate to the prevention or mitigation of epilemic, endemic, or contagious diseases, are defective, and it is expedient to substitute other provisions more effectual in that behalf be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords spiritual and temporal, and Commons, in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

18 & 19 VICT. C. 116.

I. This act may be cited for all purposes as the "Diseases Prevention Short title. Act, 1855."

II. The local authority for executing this act shall be the local authority Local authoacting in execution of any general act in force for the time being for the rity for execution of removal of nuisances (b).

act.

III. The expenses incurred in execution of this act shall be borne out Expenses of of the rates or funds administered by such local authority, under the pro- act. visions and for the purposes of any such general act as is referred to in the preceding section (b).

IV. The local authority and their officers shall have power of entry for Power of the purposes of this act, and for executing or superintending the execution entry. of the regulations and directions of the general board issued under this act.

council to

contained

V. Whenever any part of England appears to be threatened with or is Power to affected by any formidable epidemic, endemic, or contagious disease, the privy Lords and others of her Majesty's most honourable privy council, or any issue orders three or more of them, (the lord president of the council or one of her that proviMajesty's principal secretaries of state being one,) may, by order or orders sions herein to be by them from time to time made, direct that the provisions herein for prevencontained for the prevention of diseases be put in force in England, or in tion of such parts thereof as in such order or orders respectively may be expressed, diseases and may from time to time, as to all or any of the parts to which auy such may be put in force. order or orders extend, and in like manner, revoke or renew any such order; and, subject to revocation and renewal as aforesaid, every such order shall be in force for six calendar months, or for such shorter period as in such order shall be expressed; and every such order of her Majesty's privy council, or of any members thereof, as aforesaid, shall be certified under the hand of the clerk in ordinary of her Majesty's privy council, and shall be published in the London Gazette; and such publication shall be conclusive evidence of such order, to all intents and purposes.

VI. From time to time after the issuing of any such order as aforesaid, and whilst the same continues in force, the general board of health (c) may issue directions and regulations, as the said board think fitFor the speedy interment of the dead:

For house to house visitation :

Power to general Boned of

health to issue regulations to

carry out

For the dispensing of medicines, guarding against the spread of disease, such pro

(a) See "Prevention of Diseases,"

p. 163.

(b) See 23 & 24 Vict. c. 77, s. 10, post.

(e) Now the Privy Council See 21 & 22 Vict. c. 97, s. 1, post.

visions.