THE PUBLIC DEBT, Sept. 1, 1881. (Not including bonds issued in aid of Pacific R. R. Corporations.) Debt bearing interest At Six per ct. (cont'd at 3 p.c.) $178,055.150 00 At Five per ct. At Five per cent. At Four one-half per ct. Refunding Certificates. Navy Pension Fund, at three per cent. Debt on which int. has ceased since maturity Debt bearing no interest Old Dem'd and Leg. Tend. Fractional Currency. Gold and Silver Certificates.. 62,979,230 00 Total principal. Total accrued interest Total debt Cash in the Treasury TOTAL DEBT less amount of cash in the Treasury Total debt, less amount in the Treasury Sept. 1, 1880. .... TIDE TABLE. $2,043,985,330 28 12,853,026 11 $2,056,838,356 39 240,498,788 96 $1,816,339,567 43 $1,924,569,074 34 $108,229,506 91 The tides given in the Calendar pages are for the port of Boston. The following table contains the approximate difference between the time of High Water at Boston and several other places. The reader is warned that this table will not always give the exact time of the tide, as the difference varies from day to day. It is hoped, however, it will be near enough to be useful. The difference, if preceded by +, is to be added to, or if preceded by from, the time as given in the Calendar pages. CARRIAGE FARES IN BOSTON. For one adult, from one place to another within the city proper, (except as hereinafter provided), or from one place to another in East Boston, or from one place to another in South Boston, or from one place to another in Roxbury, 50 cents. Each additional adult, 50 cents. For one adult, from any place in the city proper, south of Dover Street and west of Berkeley Street, to any place north of State, Court, and Cambridge Streets. or from any place nortli of State, Court, and Cambridge Streets, to any place south of Dover Street and west of Berkeley Street, One Dollar. For two or more passengers, 50 cents each. Children under four years, with an adult, no charge. Children between four and twelve years old, with an adult, half price. From twelve at night to six in the morning, the fare is 50 cents above the preceding rates for each passenger. POETRY, ANECDOTES ETC. Than politician ever trod. His gain's no loss to other men; He questions truthful sky and ground. Nature's co-worker; all his skill Obedience, ev'n as waters run, Winds blow, herb, beast their laws. A vigorous youthhood, clean and bold; MODERATION IN DIET. If you wish for anything like happiness in the fifth act of life, cat and drink about one half what you could eat and drink. Did I ever tell you my calculation about eating and drinking? Having ascertained the weight of what I could live upon, so as to preserve health and strength, and what I did live upon, I found that, between ten and seventy years of age, I had caten and drunk forty four-horse wagonloads of meat and drink more than would have preserved me in life and health! The value of this mass of nourishment I considered to be seven thousand pounds sterling. SYDNEY SMITH. RING OUT, WILD BELLS! RING out, wild bells, to the wild sky, The flying cloud, the frosty light; Ring, happy bells, across the snow; THE DOG IN ANCIENT TIMES. The dog's collar relates that he had three times saved the life of his master from the sca, from robbers, and from wolves. He died at his post. THE DIFFERENCE. SOME murmur when the sky is clear, RICHARD C. TRENCH. And ancient forms of party strife: But ring the fuller minstrel in. The larger heart, the kindlier hand; THERE should be two bears in every home-bear and forbear. THE FARMER. HE is the continuous benefactor. He who digs a well, constructs a stone foundation, plants a grove of trees by the roadside, plants an orchard, builds a durable house, reclaims a swamp, or so much as puts a stone scat by the wayside, makes the land so far lovely and desirable, makes a fortune which he cannot carry away with him, but which is useful to his country long afterwards. R. W. EMERSON. DUTY. I CAME here to perform my duty, and I neither do nor can enjoy satisfaction in anything except the performance of my duty to my own country. WELLINGTON in Portugal. HESTER. WHEN maidens such as Hester die, Her parents held the Quaker rule, A waking eye, a prying mind, My sprightly neighbor, gone before Some summer morning, CHARLES LAMB. DON'T NEGLECT THE FOOLS. IT is often worth while to bestow much pains in gaining over foolish people to your way of thinking; and you should do it soon. Your reasons will always have some weight with the wise. But if at first you omit to put your arguments before the foolish, they will form their prejudices; and a fool is often very consistent, and very fond of repetition. He will be repeating his folly in season and out of season, until at last it has a hearing: and it is hard if it does not sometimes chime in with TWO WORLDS are ours: 'tis only sin Thou, who hast given me eyes to see THE EAGLE. HE clasps the crag with hooked hands, Close to the sun in lonely lands, Ringed with the azure world he stands. The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls: He watches from his mountain walls, And like a thunderbolt he falls. A. TENNYSON. TRUE wisdom, when it is deeply possessed, gives affability and modesty to the manners, illumines the countenance with a divine serenity, and diffuses over the whole external form an air of dignity and ease. — - PLOTINUS. HE that neither coveteth to please men, nor feareth to displease them, shall enjoy sweet peace. -THOMAS Á KEMPIS. WIT AND HUMOR. A SCOTCH schoolmaster, having repeatedly and at last angrily demanded of the pupils "Who signed Magna Charta? a little girl tremblingly replied, "Please, sir, it was na me.' A SCOTCH boy had delivered a message to a lady, but did not seem in a hurry to go. Being asked if there was anything else that his mother bade him say, Jock whimpered out, "She said I wasn't to seek anything for comin': but if ye gied me't, I was to tak' it." A YOUNG man with an extremely powerful voice was in doubt what branch of musical art to adopt. He went to the composer Cherubini for advice. "Suppose you sing me a few bars," said the master. The young fellow sang so loud that the walls fairly shook. "Now," said he, "what do you think I am best fitted for?" "Auctioneer," dryly said Cherubini. AN Irishman once jumped into the water to save a man from drowning. On receiving sixpence from the rescued man as a reward for the service, the Irishman looked first at the sixpence, then at the man, and finally exclaimed, Be jabers, but I'm overpaid for the job." MANY years ago a countryman called on a physician in York. He was in the depths of dyspeptic despair. The doctor gave him some plain advice as to his food, making a thorough change, and ended by writing a prescription for some tonic, saying, "Take that and come back in a fortnight." In ten days the patient came in, blooming and happy, quite well. The doctor was delighted, and not a little proud of his skill. He asked to see what he had 1. My first's a useful instrument A useful art to all you'll find. 2. My first is a jump, my second can jump, and my whole is a game at jump-] ing. 3. My first is chance, my second is chance, and my whole is chance. ENIGMAS. 1. I'm found in loss, but not in gain, 2. A word of one syllable, easy and short Which reads backwards and forwards the same: It expresses the sentiments warm from the heart, And to beauty lays principal claim. CONUNDRUMS. 1. WHY is a cow's tail like a swan's breast? 2. Why is a thief in a garret like an honest man? 3. What sea would you choose for a bed-room? 4. What English word of one syllable is that which, if you take away the first two letters, becomes a word of two syllables? A New Metal. EVERY year adds something to the progress of invention and to the conveniences and comforts of civilized life. Within a year or two a new metal has been invented to take the place of lead, much more effective for the purposes for which it is used, much cheaper and much more easily applied. It is called Spence's metal, having been invented by a gentleman of that name in England. For jointing gas and water pipes, especially for fastening all kinds of iron work into stone or wood, this metal is cheaper, and retains a stronger hold than lead, or any other substance, while it is firmer. It is used also for making moulds, and as a substitute for type-metal. It is a non-conductor of heat and cold, resists the action of acids, alkalies and atmospheric action, and so is useful in lining tanks, cisterns and pipes, and for coating and enamelling baths, sinks, etc. for covering brick walls and other surfaces, and for covering and repairing roofs. In fact it takes the place of lead and other substances, and, as it is less expensive, it will, no doubt, come into general use. Arrangements are made for introducing it into this country, where it will, no doubt, soon come to be appreciated as highly as it is in Europe. Cattle Foods. WE have repeatedly urged upon farmers the importance of increasing the amount of feeding substances, so as to be able to carry more stock and to do it better. We ought to cultivate forage crops to a far greater extent than we do, and to buy more cattle foods, in the shape of bran, cotton seed or linseed meal. The purchase of such concentrated foods is good economy, on account of the greatly increased value of the manure. It is the cheapest way to fertilize a farm, and if we would buy and feed cotton seed meal to cattle at pasture, it would enrich the land, and put it in condition to carry more stock. Some farmers have used bran and cotton seed meal directly as a top dressing, and with good results. It is considered cheaper than superphosphates, with bran at fifteen dollars a ton, and there is a season every year when it can be bought at even less than that. It is easy to calculate the difference. A ton of superphosphates will cost, say, forty-five dollars. It ought to contain from fifty to sixty pounds of nitrogen, and two hundred pounds of phosphoric acid. For the forty-five dollars we could buy three tons of bran, and they will contain one hundred and fifty-three pounds of nitrogen, eighty-seven pounds of potash, and two hundred and nineteen pounds of phosphoric acid. The same estimate will, in the main, apply to cotton seed meal. If we credit it with the nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid it contains, we shall find it about the cheapest food we can buy, certainly the cheapest source of nitrogen, and that is the most costly element of plant food. But we should greatly prefer to feed these articles to stock, and to take good care of the manure made from it. The manure from a ton of cotton seed meal is worth four times as much as that from a ton of corn meal, both being tested in the same way, and the manure from a ton of bran, judiciously fed, is worth twice as much as that from a ton of Indian or corn meal. It must be evident, therefore, that to feed domestic animals with foods rich in the elements of fertility is good economy, that what are called concentrated foods are the cheapest source of manure, that it is better than to buy commercial fertilizers, some of which are no better than they should be, and none of which we can know much about till it is too late to help ourselves, after they fail to produce results. It cannot be doubted that this method of keeping up and adding to the fertility of our farms is worthy of the most careful study. Few farmers now-a-days can dispense with the use of some fertilizers beyond what it is practicable to make on the farm. If we must buy, it is imperative upon us to consider the cheapest and most economical source of supply. When it comes to this, the question of a greatly increased use of concentrated cattle food must have its due weight. In a mixed system of farming, where the dairy may be said to constitute the leading specialty, the free use of manure is of the first necessity. If we cannot supply ourselves from the ordinary resources of the farm we must look beyond. We must resort to expensive commercial articles, or what seems to us far better, resort to extraordinary means to increase the quantity and im |