3. Arms are not granted to dead men, therefore the term "retrospective heraldry is incorrect. As to the reckoning of fees by the number of generations included, the fees are the same for the patent in each case described above. The position as regards fees is, therefore, the opposite to that implied in the question, for, instead of each brother or cousin being obliged to take out a separate patent, the various members of the family are allowed to be included in one patent.

4. The fees payable to H.M. College of Arms upon the passing of a patent of arms amount to 661. 10s., plus a 10l. duty stamp. In 1811 the fees were the same, or a pound

less.

LEO C.

Such "retrospective heraldry as G. J. speaks of—i.e., the granting of a coat of arms to the grantee and his descendants, and also to the other descendants of his immediate ancestor, or sometimes, but more rarely, ancestors-is still, I believe, a thing of modern usage. The " ordinary heraldic manuals,' being, for the most part, treatises upon heraldry as an exact science, do not, I can quite understand, deal with such questions as these; but I would refer your correspondent to a modern very practical treatise in which the question is referred to at some length. It is Mr. A. C. Fox-Davies's excellent little book 'The Right to Bear Arms' (2nd ed., 1900), the result of a series of papers originally published in The Saturday Review under the pseudonym of X.

In chap. iv., dealing with the 'Granting of Arms,' after giving a specimen of an ordinary grant by the English College of Arms temp. 1569, Mr. Fox - Davies gives (pp. 113–15) a recent instance of a grant "to be borne and used for ever hereafter by him the said [the grantee] and his descendants, and by the other descendants of his father, the said deceased," &c.

At p. 165 he gives what he styles a typical Scottish grant of arms made in 1886, in which the limitation is

"to the said [the grantee] and to descendants, and to the other descendants his said grandfather," &c.

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his of

At p. 193 Mr. Fox-Davies says, in speaking of an Irish confirmation of a coat of arms by Ulster King-of-Arms ::

"The limitations are usually to the descendants of the father or grandfather, but where proper and sufficient reason has been shown these limits have been extended on some occasions in a very widereaching manner."

As an instance of this, he gives (pp. 193-5) "a typical Irish confirmation of arms issued in 1893," in which the limitation is

"unto the said [the grantee] and his descendants, and to the other descendants of his said great-great grandfather," &c. ;

and on pp. 195-6 one of 1874, in which the limitation is to the grantee

"and his descendants, and the other descendants

of his aforesaid grandfather," &c.

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Of what these proper and sufficient reasons for the granting of such "widereaching "limitations consist I must confess I am ignorant, or what the value of such heraldry may be from any point of view," though they may, perhaps, be surmised. They are apparently all creations of quite modern date, and one would have thought that an ignobilis, or non-armigerous person, on applying for a grant of arms would prefer to take the grant to himself and his own descendants.

I believe that the cost or fees attendant upon the grant of a modern coat of arms by the English College of Arms would be rather over 70l. J. S. UDAL, F.S.A.

"BOCHES" (11 S. x. 367, 416, 454, 495). -The following explanation of the origin of this word seems worthy of record. It is from The Globe of 11 Jan., 1915:—

"The argot' of the French capital contains numerous examples of place-names and other words whose final syllables are altered in a somewhat curious way. For instance, the Bastille becomes the Bastoche, Paris itself appears as Pantruche, and aminche' for ami' is commonin certain walks of society. By the operations of this natural law, Allemand' has become Alleboche,' a term which has been current for years, and the tendency to abbreviate, an invariable characteristic of slang, inevitably produces Boche.' We venture to offer this as the true solution of a problem which seems to have interested quite a number of people.'

Notes on Books.

Aberystwyth Studies. By Members of the University of Wales. Vols. I. and II. (Aberystwyth, the College.) THESE studies are issued under the auspices of the Senate of the University College of Wales, and it is proposed that a volume containing two or three pieces of research work or literary analysis should appear once in a session.! The first article, in place as in importance, and which runs through the two volumes, is Mr. George A. Wood's elaborate discussion of the Anglo-Saxon riddles. This is conceived as much from the standpoint of the general student of literature as from that of the philologist or student of Anglo-Saxon. The peculiarities of the riddles, their relation to Latin productions of the same kind, the presence or absence about them of true poetry, and what may be called the psychological history of the riddle, and of the reasons which developed it into a satisfying expression for some of the most intimately characteristic Anglo-Saxon ideas and opinions-all this is well expounded, though it may be at somewhat too cumbrous a length and with unnecessary repetitions. The connexion between riddles and metaphors might have been considered, and, seeing how small, comparatively, is the public to whom these most interesting relics of the mind of our forefathers are known, it would have been just as well to give a brief summary of each riddle before entering upon an analysis of it under its proper number.

Mr. F. S. Wright contributes to each volume a good paper on the earthworks-Norman and ancient defensive-near Aberystwyth. In the first volume Miss Amy Burgess develops an analysis of Grillparzer's female characters, as contrasted with those in Goethe and Schiller. We cannot, however, share Miss Burgess's conviction that Grillparzer's genius knew no limits in the understanding of womanhood, nor yet her readiness "unhesitatingly to "maintain his right to be recognized side by side with Shakespeare in this respect." Mr. P. M. Jones has a good subject in the comparison between Whitman and Verhaeren, and deals with it satisfactorily, though the differences between the temperaments of the two poets hardly come out forcibly enough, and the essay rather suffers loss of point by being long drawn out.

We shall look with interest for more examples of the original work being done at Aberystwyth. Select English Historical Documents of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries. Edited by F. E. Harmer. (Cambridge University Press, 6s. net.) THIS is a source-book which should prove of unusual interest and utility. It contains twentythree documents, given first in the Anglo-Saxon text, and afterwards in translation, with a very carefully drawn-up body of notes, an Appendix on dialects, and three Indexes-" nominum, locorum, and rerum." The documents, whether wills, grants, or records of negotiations, are principally concerned with the land and its products; but there are included the record of Earl Aelfred's presentation of a copy of the Gospels to Canterbury Cathedral, and the two Anglo-Saxon entries in the Lindisfarne Gospels, as well as the record

of a manumission by Athelstan inscribed in a volume of Latin Gospels. A grant of an estate which has considerable narrative value is that of Queen Eadgifu to Canterbury Cathedral of her estate at Cooling, wherein she relates how this land came into her possession. The wills given are those of Earl Aelfred and Earl Aethelwold, of the Kings Alfred and Eadred, and of the Reeve Abba.

For the purposes of advanced scholars a selection like this is, it is true, inadequate; but we doubt whether to students the edition of Anglo-Saxon land-books for which Maitland pressed would really be of much greater service, and we think Miss Harmer may be congratulated on having compiled a work not merely of highly creditable scholarship, but also of relatively permanent value.

Bibliography of the Works of Dr. John Donne, Dean of St. Paul's. By Geoffrey Keynes. (Cambridge, printed for the Baskerville Club; Quaritch, 15s. 6d. net.)

THIS is the second publication of the Baskerville Club: 300 copies of it have been printed, the one before us being numbered 60. It is, as to the reproductions, the print, and the general get-up, a highly satisfactory work, and it has the yet more important merit of completeness, as well as the advantage of being the first in the field as an exhaustive work on the subject. The main headings of the Contents are 'Prose Works,'' Poetical Works,' Walton's Life of Donne,' Biography and Criticism,' and 'Appendices.' The last includes a short list of works-principally pamphlets-which, since they contain Donne's autograph, may be taken to have formed part of his library; an iconography giving particulars of the twelve principal portraits of Donne; and a list of works by one John Done, who has been confused with the great Dean.

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description of editions of a work. A good bibliographical preface introduces each One of the most interesting of these is prefixed to Donne's 'Devotions,' a work which during the author's lifetime, and for a few years after his death, had a great vogue, but is now almost unknown to general readers, though it was reprinted in 1840 and 1841. Morhof in Polyhistor' states that a translation of it in Linguam Belgicam was published at Amsterdam in 1655, but Mr. Keynes has not come across this. It would seem that between 1638 and 1840 no English edition was called for.

The Sermons,' again, furnish bibliographical matter of great interest. Seeing that there is a collection of them still unprinted-we learn here that this has passed from the library of the late Prof. Dowden to that of Mr. Wilfred Merton, a member of the Baskerville Club-and that the one attempt yet made to publish the whole of them was made as long ago as 1839, in a somewhat unsatisfactory edition of Donne's 'Works,' it seems that we have here a small gap in our record of English literature awaiting the labours of the scholar. The Letters,' as all students know, owe everything to the scholarship and able editing of Mr. Gosse, though his Life and Letters of Donne' does not contain the whole of them, which we are to get in Prof. Grierson's promised edition. Mr. Keynes mentions in a footnote that contemporary copies of five

letters were sold at Puttick & Simpson's in 1855; whether these had been published or not, and their present whereabouts, are alike unknown. Prof. Grierson has already done pretty well all there is to be done in the matter of Donne's poems, particularly in the elimination of the spurious, which is a principal task in this part of work on Donne. As will be seen in this Bibliography, the poems have attracted a good deal of attention on the part of the publishers of series and booklets. The most curious of the works described here is undoubtedly Biathanatos,' issued last by an anonymous publisher in 1700, having been published previously in 1844 and 1648. A casuistical defence of suicide, it is not much wonder that it irked the conscience of the author, while it pleased his sense for the curious, and was neither destroyed by him nor yet made public, but circulated-we would suppose among the steadierminded of his friends-in MS.

Mr. Keynes gives some useful biographical details concerning that very unsatisfactory personage the younger Donne, who seems to have been a sort of sublimation of those qualities which were somewhat conspicuous in his father in his unregenerate days. However, as Mr. Keynes remarks, posterity must needs remember with gratitude the labours of his to which we owe so much of our knowledge of his father's works.

Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica: December. Edited by W. Bruce Bannerman. (Mitchell Hughes & Clarke, 2s. 6d.) THE Contents include Register of St. John's College, Oxford, Rawlinson MSS. B. 402 (Bodleian),' communicated by the Rev. Edmund Jermyn, The MS. is all in one handwriting. Mrs. L. Bazely contributes particulars of the family of Boothby of Marston Hall. There are pedigrees of Fuller of Bath and of Dudderidge of Burland; and particulars of the Archers of Norfolk, Virginia. Mr. A. L. Lewis shows The Common Ancestry of Sidney, Bolingbroke, and Shelley.' The Herries notes are continued by Mr. David C. Herries.

Mr. Llewelyn Lloyd is evidently attracted by the difficulties that sometimes fall to pedigreehunters an endeavour to trace the history of Lloyd of Cwm Bychan involved him in the task of connecting two extant pedigrees. Under the head of Cwm Bychan the earlier pedigree appears in Pennant's Tours in Wales,' and eighteen generations are given. The later pedigree is to be found in Crisp's Visitation of England and Wales.' This gives four more. The twentytwo generations cover a period of a thousand years, and show a direct descent from a Welsh prince to the present time. Mr. George J. Lind continues his register of the interments at the British Cemetery, Oporto, from 1876.

Office;

December. (New York, London, 22, Bedford

The Library Journal: Publication Street, 18. 6d.) THIS number opens with a page illustration of the library of the United Engineering Societies, New York City, of which a description is given by Mr. W. P. Cutter, together with a plan. The library contains more than 60,000 volumes of great technical value. The library committee, in view of the Panama Exhibition to open on

the 20th of February, had hoped that the exhibit sent to Leipzig would be returned in time to form the basis of the library exhibit at San Francisco, but efforts to obtain it have been futile. As a last resort, an appeal has been made to the United States Secretary of State to obtain the return of the exhibit, and the American Ambassador at Berlin has been instructed by cable to Germany endeavour to arrange for its return. has now started its first regularly organized Library School: it was opened at Leipzig on the 12th of October last.

There is an interesting feature of many American libraries that is worthy of home consideration; it is that of having wild-flower tables. Two garden-flower exhibitions last August increased the interest in gardens, and drew people who were not in the habit of using libraries.

OUR old friend Thoms, after he had founded "dear old N. & Q.'' on the 3rd of November, 1849, soon discovered that the material he received was so varied that he had often, to use his favourite as to what he phrase, to "cudgel his brains " should use, and what he should reject. We remember how amused he was on receiving some loaves of bread, being specimens of the first bread to be made by machinery, as well as another occasion when he found a box of matches awaiting him, these being the first to be manufactured so as to light only when rubbed on a preparation placed on one side of the box.

To-day we note receipt of a box which we opened with the expectation of finding some antiquities relating to folk-lore, but, lo and behold! the handsome box was full of choice chocolates, sent by Messrs. Boisselier of Victoria Works, Watford. The contents, needless to say, are good, but the object is better. One-fifth of the total receipts from sales is to be given to the King of the Belgians through The Daily Telegraph We feel sure the result will be to Shilling Fund. bring in many notes without queries. The boxes are on sale at the principal stores and confectioners', at 5s., 38., and 1s. 6d.

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