Catherine was born on 6 July, 1708; his the reply, repeated after every rime, “A daughter Ursula on 3 October, 1709; and his third and most distinguished daughter, Sarah, on 17 Nov., 1710, it may be assumed that at this period he had retired from active foreign service, although these dates do not absolutely preclude Col. Edmund Fielding's presence at Malplaquet in September, 1709. There is also clear evidence that either in 1709 or early in 1710 the colonel was engaged in farming operations at East Stower, Dorset. J. PAUL DE CASTRO.

1, Essex Court, Temple.

THE PYRAMID IN LONDON (11 S. x. 510).— I am reading the letters of M. César de Saussure, a Swiss gentleman who visited England in 1725, translated, under the title 'A Foreign View of England in the Reigns of George I. and George II.,' by Madame Van Muyden. At p. 81 he says:

"Let us visit the Monument, which is not far off. This is a pyramid, or more properly a column, raised by order of Parliament at the exact spot where the terrible fire of 1666 broke out, by which about two-thirds of the City was destroyed." This is probably what Sir William Temple A. D. JONES.

meant.

Oxford.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (11 S. x. 468, 515; xi. 17). Over the Hills and Far Away.'-Among the Jacobite Songs and Ballads,' edited by G. S. Macquoid, there is one on p. 36, the chorus of which is :He's o'er the seas and far awa, He's o'er the seas and far awa; Yet of no man we 'll stand in awe,

But drink his health that 's far awa. Another, on p. 77, has this chorus:

Over the seas and far awa,

Over the seas and far awa,

O weel may we maen for the day that 's gane,
And the lad that 's banished far awa.

Were these songs sung to the tune of * Over the Hills and Far Away,' and where

can the tune be found?

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

ALPHABETICAL NONSENSE: ALLITERATIVE JINGLES (11 S. x. 468; xi. 13).—I should be grateful for information as to the period and meaning of one of these fireside pastimes which was evidently of political meaning, and was published in book form, with coloured illustrations, some hundred years ago. Directions for the game were given, and a print of a Georgian family seated round a fire, like the Primroses in 'Wakefield,' solemnly handing a toy dog from one to another of the circle, and saying, "Take this.” Answer, 41 What's this?" After which opening,

frisking, barking lady's lapdog," led up
through the usual sequence of twelve
numbers. Since my childhood, sixty years
ago, when the book, which belonged to an
earlier generation, was loved for its pictures,
I have wanted to understand the allusions
in the following lines:-
Two princes lost in a fog.
Seven patriots, to our cost,
In a chest of gold were lost.

Eight sheep, including one that steers,
Who went with Exmouth to Algiers.
Can any reader enlighten me ? And does
any one know of this quaint old jingle?

Y. T.

I offer you quite a variation from those you have recorded. It contains alliteration

to the extent of the first two or even three letters.

One onager onsetting only on onions.

Two twittering twins twirling twisted twine. Three threatening thieves thrusting through thorn thickets.

Four foolish fops fondling foreign foes.
Five fine fiddlers fingering fishes' fins.
Six sick sinners sitting simply silent.
Seven sea-serpents seizing senile scals.
Eight eerie eagles eagerly eyeing eels.
Nine niggardly nihilists nightly nibbling nickel
nibs.
Ten teetotal teachers tearfully tending tents.
Eleven elegant elephants eliminating electrical
elements.

Twelve tweeded tweenies tweedling twenty tweezers.

H. D. ELLIS. Conservative Club, St. James's Street, S.W.

[This seems to be a modern exercise, for which we suspect our correspondent himself is responsible.]

"THE PIRAEUS MISTAKEN FOR A MAN (11 S. xi. 9).—This, which I now learn is also an English saying, is quite familiar in France takes its origin from La Fontaine's Fable VII. "Prendre le Pirée pour un homme "-and of Book IV., 'Le Singe et le Dauphin,' itself an imitation of Esop's Fable LXXXVIII., Пíoŋkos κai Aedpís.

A dolphin, which animal is supposed to be very friendly to human beings, has saved, by receiving him on its back, a shipwrecked monkey, with whom it enters into conversation, and inquires whether he is from Athens, to which the monkey replies that he is well known there, and he offers the dolphin his services and influence if ever it should have occasion for them. The dolphin goes on to inquire whether he also knows Piræus, to which the monkey replies that he sees him every day, he is his

SIR EVERARD DIGBY'S LETTERS (11 S. xi. 8). Though I can give no help to B. M. as to the present possessor of Sir E. Digby's letters, it may be of interest to him to recall this reference to them by Archbishop Tillotson. In his sermon on 5 Nov., 1678, before the House of Commons, he says:—

"Sir Everard Digby, whose very original Papers and Letters are now in my hands, after he was in prison and knew he must suffer, calls it [the Plot] the best Cause: and was extremely troubled to hear it Censured by Catholicks and Priests, contrary to his expectation, for a great sin."

S. R. C.

qualities than colour seem to have been so modified from about the middle of the following century. "Subaltern is an article we noted as well com

piled; it includes, by the way, from Luria,' Browning's contribution to the question of the pronunciation of the word: "How could subalterns like myself expect Leisure to leave or occupy the field?

Words of ecclesiastical or theological import are numerous, and besides the outstanding ones we get such stray examples of minor interest as subchanter" (a title for a vicar-choral still used at York), "submortuarian,” "subordinationism."

De Quincey seems to be the earliest inventor of that mighty and much- including word subconscious"; and Ward's article in The Encyclo

are

NAME OF PLAY WANTED (11 S. xi. 7).—pædia Britannica (1886) is quoted for the first use of "subliminal " as a translation of Herbart's The play in which Mr. G. V. Brooke appeared unter der Schwelle. "Subdue," as we as Philip of France was 'Marie de Meranie,' informed in the Prefatory Note, is the one word a tragedy by Westland Marston, produced which has presented real etymological difficulty, at the Olympic Theatre, then under the not to be satisfactorily solved. The easiest derivations are, as might be exmanagement of Mr. Farren, 4 Nov., 1850, the part of Marie de Meranie being acted by nature of the case, have remained restricted to pected, those of scientific words, which, by the Miss Helen Faucit. For accounts of the their original meaning. It is remarkable how performance see Mr. W. J. Lawrence's early many of these occur, and how well some excellent Life of G. V. Brooke' and West-have held their own. The important articles on land Marston's 'Our Recent Actors.' words of a great range of meaning-" subject," subscribe,' subsist," substance with those on their derivatives, are adequately compiled and arranged: no slender praise. The last in particular struck us as admirable. A good example of the treatment of a word of historical interest is "subsidy." We observed several words which testified to the closeness of the compilers' reading, of which we may instance "submonish" and "sublevaminous."

WM. DOUGLAS.

Notes on Books.

A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles. -Su-Subterraneous. (Volume IX.) By C. T. Onions. (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 2s. 6d.) NOT specially interesting philologically, this section has a very high philosophical and historical interest. It is a striking observation what a large body of human theory has found expression by the help of the notion "under" or "from under," expressed by the convenient Latin syllable sub. One may notice from several points of view in a perusal of these columns how prone the human mind is to occupy itself with the idea, or rather the inkling, of something behind or beneath upon which the visible or the ostensible stays itself, and to which, as such, it is more or less accidental. Indeed, it may be questioned whether any more fruitful conception, any richer mode of relation between objects, could be cited than that of the movement or the station of one thing beneath another. It is, of course, only in small part illustrated in this particular alphabetical group. The article on the prefix itself is the longest, and also one of the best of its kind, in the Dictionary. The extended use of sub as a prefix to form new words with words of English origin was liveliest from the eighteenth century onwards; but we are reminded that the first instances of it occur in the fifteenth century. A rather early example is also a curious one-Defoe's use of sub-cash for a deposit of cash at a branch bank (1705); another is "sub-head," quoted from a letter of 1588; an ugly one, "subshrub," seems to date from 1843. As prefixed to adjectival words in the sense of " partially or incompletely," we notice the first instances are medical from 1530"subpale," "subrufe"; adjectives denoting other

-

The section contains altogether 658 main words,. and, with combinations and compounds, 1,853 words in all.

By Sir P. Burke..

Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 1915.
Bernard Burke and Ashworth
(Harrison & Sons, 21. 28. net.)
BURKE' is, as usual, well up to date, the death
of Sir John Barker on the 16th of December being
recorded in the text; also that of Sir H. F. Grey,.
who died on the 17th of the same month.

Mention, too, is made of the honours given by our King on his recent visit to France: the Order of Merit to Sir John French, the Garter to the King of the Belgians, the Bath to General Joffre, and the St. Michael and St. George to other French generals. All the D.S.O.'s, as well as the names of the brave soldiers upon whom the Victoria Cross was bestowed up to the 19th of December, are likewise included. For the first time, Indian soldiers, as promised at Delhi, were among the recipients of this precious emblem of valour.

Among the twelve peerages created during the year, one is of interest to the world of financethat of Mr. Walter Cunliffe, who, with a good sense which is more usual than was formerly the case, does not change his name with the title. Among the thirty-five peers who, have died are to be noted the Duke of Argyll, the Canadian statesman Lord Strathcona, and Earl Roberts.

No fewer than fifty-seven baronets have died since the 1st of December, 1913, eight of these

having been killed in action. In three cases the succession has passed twice during the year. The editor remarks: "This is surely without parallel."

In 1913 three new sees were created, and have now been filled by the appointment of the Right Rev. John Edwin Watts-Ditchfield to Chelmsford; the Right Rev. Henry Bernard Hodgson to St. Edmundsbury and Ipswich; and the Right Rev. Leonard Hedley Burrows to Sheffield.

At the present time one turns with interest to the list of foreign titles of nobility borne by British subjects. Of these there are forty-four, a fourth of them being German. Among them we note that of Metaxa: "Ever since the conquest of Cephalonia by the Venetians the Metaxa family (of ancient Venetian descent) had been the most powerful and influential house in the island. The title of Count was conferred by the Venetian Republic upon Capt. Anzolo Metaxa and all his male descendants on July 5th, 1691." His father commanded the corps of Cephaloniotes at the siege of Candia against the Ottomans in 1658, and at the reconquest of Santa Maura he commanded the troops raised by his sons; he was also present at the siege of Nauplia, 1686-7, when his sons greatly distinguished themselves. The O'Gormans, a branch of the sept descended from Cathoir Moir, King of Leinster, through his second son, Daire Barrach, derived their name from Gorman, chief of the sept. The title of Roman Count was conferred on Ferdinand O'Gorman in 1882. He is the titular guardian of the tombs of the Imperial House of Austria in the ducal chapel in Nancy.

The editor advises the use of the companion volume, Who's Who Year-Book,' which can be purchased for one shilling. In its tables are to be found the names which are the basis of Who's Who,' these being classified under office appointments or positions, so far as possible. The YearBook' thus affords a reverse reference to Who's Who' itself.

THE January number of The Burlington Magazine opens with a discussion (illustrated with a large photogravure) of the most important recent acquisition of the National Gallery-William Blake's Spiritual Form of Nelson guiding Leviathan,' a picture of a mythological cast," to use its author's own term, and not without some interest in relation to present events. Sir M. Conway supplies a photograph of the muchdiscussed Persian blue bowl in the Treasury of St. Mark's at Venice, and considers that beautiful work to belong to the thirteenth century. There is an interesting article by Mr. K. A. C. Cresswell on Persian Domes before 1400 A.D.,' in which are traced the history and evolution of the dome in Persian architecture from the earliest times to the present day. The dome, it appears, was known in Egypt, Chaldæa, and Assyria in very early times, but at first was employed only upon small and unimportant buildings. It is interesting to observe that the Persians were able to use the dome on large constructions, and made possible the grand development of that type of architecture, by first of all solving the crucial problem of setting a circular dome upon a square space. Examples are illustrated from the palaces of Firuzabad and Sarvistan. In Notes on Two Portraits' Sir Claude Phillips attributes to Rubens a picture described in the catalogue of the Third National Loan Exhibition at the Grosvenor Gallery as a portrait of Mary de' Medici by Frans Pourbus. A full-length portrait at the same exhibition supposed to represent Louis XV. he considers to be really concerned with the Comte de Provence, afterwards Louis XVIII. Another exhibition-also, as in the case of that at the Grosvenor Gallery, in support of funds connected with the war, and held at Messrs. Colnaghi & Obach's gallery-is noticed by Mr. Boyer Nicholls. A Fair on the Ice' by Solomon Ruysdael is reproduced, as also Gainsborough's Viscount Hampden.' 'Notes on Pictures in the Royal Collections' are continued; and there is an article on a little-known follower of Rembrandt, Carel van der Pluijm. His 'Parable of the Labourers get-elements, is certainly stiff in action. in the Vineyard,' though not without dramatic tion of it accompanies the criticism. A reproduc

Three Royal dukes have German titles: the Duke of Connaught, who is also Duke of Saxony and Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; the Duke of Albany, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; and the Duke of Cumberland, whose only surviving son was married on the 25th of May, 1913, to the only daughter of the German Emperor. 'Burke' is now in its seventy-seventh year, and, rightly enough, becomes year by year portly. This year it is increased by sixty-six pages, which now nearly number three thousand. We can well understand the editor telling us that the task set him this year has been a heavy one, for "he has found it necessary to rewrite a great number of the pedigrees in the light of modern research." He has also been confronted

more

in the last five months with the rapid succession
of events due to the war. We congratulate him
on having so successfully overcome all his diffi-
culties. We must add one word as to the
up of the massive volume: both paper and print
make it a pleasure to turn over its pages.

Who's Who, 1915. (A. & C. Black, 15s. net.) LIKE all the other annuals, 'Who's Who' becomes more bulky year by year, and now, in its sixty-seventh year, its pages number 2,376, against 2,314 last year. We would suggest that a list should be given each year of the new names added to the body of the work: this might precede the Obituary. The losses by death to literature and science include the Duke of Argyll, Sir Robert Ball, S. R. Crockett, Dr. Ginsburg, Edward Marston, Edith Sichel, and Theodore Watts-Dunton. The death of our valued contributor Col. Prideaux occurred too late to be noticed, : so his name still appears among the living.

Notices to Correspondents.

EDITORIAL Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries '"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publishers" at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.

C. W. F. and C. C.-Forwarded.

CORRIGENDUM.-Y. T. writes to say that the author of Henry Fielding's 'Life' is not Mr. (as stated ante, p. 12, col. 1), but Miss G. M. Godden.

LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 23, 1915.

CONTENTS.-No. 265.

the opinion he entertained of him, named him one of the executors of his will and guardian of his children. Having served his clerkship, he was admitted an attorney in the November term, 1789, and shortly afterwards established himself in practice as an NOTES:-John Pritchard, a Shropshire Solicitor. 61Walker the Ironmonger's Literary Frauds, 62-Family attorney and solicitor at Ironbridge. In the Portraits at Easton Mauditt, 63-'The Marseillaise.' 64 year 1791 Pritchard came to live in the -St. Thomas's Church, Regent Street-"Wangle." 65English Prisoners in France in 1811-"By hook and adjoining town of Broseley, and it was not crook," 66-Tichborne Street-"Pole "-Pool-"Shot-long before his knowledge of his profession. window," 67. and his entire devotion to the interests of QUERIES:-Inverness Bibliography-Eighteenth-Century his clients, won for him the esteem and Physician on Predestination, 67-Guide to Irish Fiction' -Onions and Deafness-Deaf and Dumb Alphabets Thomas Thoroton-Edward Gibbon Wakefield-Charles Wesley-Starlings taught to Speak-Our National Anthem, 68-Old Maps of Lancaster-Oldest Business-House in London-Source of Quotation Wanted-Cromwell Query -Thomas Chapman Elizabeth Tyson- -Assonance in Names of Twins-Sabellicus: MSS. Sought-Old Etonians Ave Maris Stella'-Apollo of the Doors, 69. REPLIES:- Luke Robinson. M.P., 70-The Clubs of London,' 71-Name of Play Wanted-The Krupp Factory in 1851-Amphillis Washington-East Anglian Families: Elizabeth Stainton, 72-Medallic Legends - Notes on Words for the 'N.E.D.-"Over the hills and far away" -Oliver Cromwell of Uxbridge, 73-Southey's Works France and England Quarterly, 74-Old Irish Marching Tunes-Andertons of Lostock and Horwich-"Thirmu this." Christian Name, 75-Authors Wanted-Names on Coffins-All's Well that Ends Well,' 76-Hotten's 'Slang Dictionary'-Robinsons of Hinton Abbey, Bath-Retrospective Heraldry, 77—" Boches "-Barlow, 78. NOTES ON BOOKS :- Aberystwyth Studies Select English Historical Documents of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries'-' Bibliography of the Works of Dr. John Donne Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica-The Library Journal.' Notices to Correspondents.

Notes.

JOHN PRITCHARD,

A SHROPSHIRE SOLICITOR, 1759-1837.

confidence of the entire neighbourhood. In 1794 he became the law agent for George Forester, Esq., of Willey, a gentleman then possessing great influence in the locality; and to the extensive business which he transacted for the Forester family he in later years often attributed his success in life. In 1799, in addition to his law business, he joined Mr. Vickers, Sen., as a banker at Broseley and Bridgnorth, and they continued in partnership together till the time of the latter's death in the year 1814. From this date John Pritchard carried on the banking business with Valentine Vickers until the year 1824, when, on Vickers. retiring from business, the banks at Broseley and Bridgnorth were controlled by himself and his two sons (George and John) until the time of his death. His success, in short, was most complete, and he not only acquired considerable wealth, but also the approbation and respect of all around him.

were settled there in the fifteenth century. He married secondly, 20 Sept., 1811, Fanny, daughter of Mr. Wilkinson of Buildwas; she died 14 Nov., 1839.

Pritchard married for his first wife at Walsall, 21 Feb., 1791, Ann (died 20 Feb., 1807), daughter of George Crannage of Coalbrookdale, who, with his brother Thomas, in the year 1766 obtained a patent for a most important invention that of converting pig A BRANCH of the family of Pritchard (or into bar iron by means of raw pit coal, Prichard)—it is spelt ap Richard in the instead of charcoal. Ann was descended on parish register of Alveley, Shropshire, for the female side from the Jandrells of Church the year 1654, being of Welsh extraction-Pulverbatch, in Shropshire, a family who scems to have been settled at Alveley, and in the adjoining parish of Highley, till the beginning of the eighteenth century, when it migrated to Sutton Maddock, under the name of Pritchard. There John Pritchard (born 1704, died 1779) and Ann his wife resided prior to the year 1750, and were both buried. Their eldest son John, the subject of this note, was born at Sutton Maddock 27 June, 1759, and, after receiving a moderate education, was in the year 1784 articled to Mr. Lewis, one of the partners in the firm of Congreve & Lewis, solicitors, Bridgnorth, whose confidence and goodwill Le soon gained, and who, as a proof of

His brother William, a contractor for the making of the Kennet and Avon Canal and other great works, died at Bath 17 Nov., 1846.

By his first wife John Pritchard had issue four sons-George, of Broseley and Astley Abbots, born 24 Sept., 1793, solicitor and banker, J.P. and D.L. for Shropshire, High Sheriff in 1861, who married Harriott daughter of William Ostler of Grantham. and died without issue 24 Dec., 1861; John.