London Society, 1888, liii.; The Academy, 1899, lvii. 431; and Woman at Home, Doc., 1897, by Mrs. Sarah A. Tooley. Miss Braddon contributed autobiographical articles to The Idler, Feb., 1893, and Theatre, Sept., 1894. An interview by Mary A. Dickens was published in The Windsor Magazine, Sept., 1897. Her novel The Infidel' was criticized by William Barker in The Primitive Methodist Quarterly, July, 1901. To these may be added the memoir in The Times, 5 Feb., 1915, p. 11. Gloucester. ROLAND AUSTIN. To the list of Miss Braddon's works enumerated ante must be added many others, and even with the following I do not think her output is exhausted : Trail of the Serpent, 1861, with a second edition issued the same year under the title of Three Times Dead.' Lovels of Arden, 1871. Robert Ainsleigh, 1872. A Strange World, 1875. Put to the Test, 1876. Joshua Haggard's Daughter, 1876. Weavers and Weft, 1877. Open Verdict, 1878. The Cloven Foot [1879]. Story of Barbara [1880]. One Thing Needful, 1886. The Venetians, 1892. All Along the River, 1893. Sons of Fire [1895]. Under Love's Rule, 1897. Rough Justice, 1898. The Red Flag, 1903. Flower and Weed, and Other Tales, 1905. Several of the works were published in the "Col lection of British Authors." Miss Braddon also edited 'The Summer Tourist a Book for Long and Short Journeys,' 1871, and was a contributor to The Mistletoe Bough' and the 'Belgravia Annual.' 'Lady Audley's Secret' was adapted for the stage by C. H. Hazlewood, 1850, while W. E. Suter adapted a drama in two acts entitled' Aurora Floyd,' from Miss Braddon's novel of that title (1880). Other dramatic works were :— The Missing Witness, a Drama in Four Acts. [In prose. 1880.] Dross, or the Root of Evil, a Comedy in Four Married Beneath Him, a Comedy in Four Acts. [In prose. 1882.] Boscastle, Cornwall, an English Engadine,' was reprinted from The World of 15 Sept., 1880, and published in the following year; and The Christmas Hirelings' was reprinted from The Lady's Pictorial (1894). Sixteen of Miss Braddon's novels were translated into French, one into Dutch (Taken at the Flood'), and one into German ('Henry Dunbar '). · ARCHIBALD SPARKE, F.R.S.L. MR. BOLT's list of Miss Braddon's novels omits An Open Verdict,' 1878; 'Hostages to Fortune,' 1875; 'The Lovels of Arden'; 'Milly Darrell, and Other Stories '; 'Robert Ainsleigh,' 1872; 'A Strange World,' 1875; The Trail of the Serpent'; 'Joshua Haggard's Daughter,' 1876-a strikingly good novel; Weavers and Weft,' 1877; Asphodel,' 1881; The Cloven Foot,' 1879; Barbara,' 1880; and Just as I Am,' 1880. The following dates may be given to some of the books left dateless in MR. BOLT's list: 'Eleanor's Victory,' 1863; Only a Clod,' 1865; Rupert Godwin,' 1867. G. L. APPERSON. To the bibliography should be added the tales included in the three volumes published by Simpkin & Marshall in 1893 under the title of 'All Along the River.' This tale occupies the first volume, while the second contains Say the False Charge was True.' The third volume contains eight tales: One Fatal Moment,' 'It is Easier for a Camel' (this had previously appeared in Printers' Pie), The Ghost's Name,' 'Stapylton's Plot,' 'His Oldest Friends,' 'If there be any of you,' 'The Island of Old Faces,' and 'My Dream.' Miss Braddon must have written over seventy novels, apart from other contributions to papers. I believe she never used a typewriter, and, if her copy was as beautifully written as her correspondence, her printers must have been pleased with her. A. N. Q. In the late sixties and early seventies I was serving my apprenticeship in the office where Belgravia was printed, and now, after the lapse of forty years, I can recall perfectly the appearance of a side of Miss Braddon's copy. It was usually on quarto paper, in a clear, well-formed hand, written with a thin nib; but the most noticeable feature consisted of sundry additional clauses or sentences, evidently second thoughts as she was composing. These were written either at the top of the page, or in the margin; and each was encircled with a line running from the caret in the text, so as to show clearly the place of insertion. MR. BOLT does not include in his list of Miss Braddon's novels Bound to John Company.' If my memory does not play me false, this was one of the serials Miss Braddon wrote in Belgravia. Her manuscript, which was quite legible, though the lines were close together, offered a marked contrast to that of another popular lady writer of the day, some of whose novels were printed in the same office. This was Mrs. J. H. Riddell, perhaps best known as the author of George Geith of Fen Court,' but whose acquaintance I made with 'Austin Friars," published in 1870. She wrote a large, sprawling hand, apparently with a thick quill pen, on folio paper, and anything but easy for the compositor to decipher. She died in 1906, and is included in the Second Supplement of the 'D.N.B.' "Histoire Genealogique et Chronologique de la Maison Royale de France, des Pairs....par P. Anselme ; continuée par M. du Fourny. Revue, corrigée & augmentée par le P. Ange, & le P. Simplicien, troisiéme édition," 1726-33, vol. iii. pp. 283, 284, &c. 2. Avesgaud, Bishop of Le Mans for 42 years, 1 month, 20 days. He died 27 Oct., 1035, at Verdun. 3. Ives. He appears (p. 317) as Yvon de Bellesme, third son of Yves, Comte d'Alençon et de Bellesme, and of Godehilde. He is believed, with some sort of probability, to have been the origin of the Seigneurs de Château-Gontier. It is mentioned that he is named in a deed of his brother Avesgaud in favour of the Abbaye de S. Vincent du Mans. The date of his death is not given. 4. Godehilde married and had a son Albert. 5. Hildeburge married Haymon, Seigneur du Château-du-Loir. She died on the same day as her brother Avesgaud, viz., 27 Oct., 1035. The order of succession of the early Comtes d'Alençon et de Bellesme was Ives I. his son Guillaume I.; his son Robert; his brother Guillaume II.; his son Arnoul; Ives (Yves) II., Bishop of Séez, brother of Guillaume II., and uncle of Arnoul; Mabille, daughter of Guillaume II., and sister of Arnoul. She married Roger, Seigneur de Montgommery, Vicomte d'Hiesmes, who through this marriage became Comte d'Alençon et de Bellesme. On The parentage of Ives I. is not given. P. 282, under Anciens Comtes d'Alençon,' mention is made of one Agombert alias Albert, Comte du Perche, but the writer says that there is no proof that Ives I. was sprung from him. According to the above, Ives (or Yves) II., i.e., the second Comte d'Alençon et de Bellesme of that name, was grandson of Ives I., and nephew of Ives, the third son of Ives I. The authorities referred to in this 'Histoire ' are Guillaume de Jumieges, Bry, MM. de Sainte Marthe's' Gallia christiana,' &c. The above-named Roger, Seigneur de Ives, Seigneur du Château de Bellesme Montgommery, having been one of William (called on p. 317 Yves, Comte d'Alençon & the Conqueror's chief men, became, or was de Bellesme), was active in affairs in 944. styled, Earl of Arundel, or Earl of Chichester, It is positively asserted that he had a brother or Earl of Sussex, but was generally called Sigefroy, Bishop of Le Mans, which town Earl of Shrewsbury. See G. E. C.'s ComSigefroy scandalized by his marrying Hil-plete Peerage,' vol. vii., s.v. Shrewsbury.' trude, by whom he had two daughters and G. E. C., p. 135, says that he became in 1071, by the death of his wife's uncle (Ivo de Belesme, Bishop of Séez), Seigneur de Belesme and d'Alençon. The Histoire Genealogique' gives 1074 as the date of the Bishop's death. a son named Alberic. He died in the abbey of La Couture about 993, having been bishop 33 years, 1 month, 4 days. Ives, the date of whose death is not given, married Godehilde. There were five children of this marriage, viz. :: 1. Guillaume, Comte d'Alençon et de Bellesme, whose wife's name was Mathilde. He died in or about 1028. I do not say that all the statements of le Père Anselme, M. du Fourny, &c., are perfectly correct. They may be or they may not. ROBERT PIERPOINT. "POISSON DE JONAS (11 S. xi. 189).– If LEO C. will refer to Dr. Pusey's exhaustive study of this subject in his 'Minor Prophets: Jonah,' p. 257 seq., he will, I think, find pretty nearly all the information available as to the "poisson de Jonas." Pusey investigates the force of Knтos, as used by various authors, and shows that it connotes a genus including the whale, not the whale itself, and concludes that the fish in the Jonah story was the white shark Carcharias. He cites various authorities in support of his contention. Here is one from a natural historian of repute " (Müller): 66 "In 1758 in stormy weather a sailor fell overboard from a frigate in the Mediterraneau. A shark was close by, which, as he was swimming and crying for help, took him in its wide throat, so that he forthwith disappeared. Other sailors had leapt into the sloop to help their comrade while yet swimming; the captain had a gun discharged at the fish, which struck it so that it cast out the sailor which it had in its throat, who was taken up alive and little injured. The fish was harpooned and taken on the frigate......it was 20 feet long, and weighed 3,924 16. From all this, it is probable that this was the fish of Jonah." In a remarkably interesting commonplace book compiled by my great-greatgrandfather (who was a Fellow of Č.C.C. Oxford, and Rector of Heyford), which is in my possession, I find some notes on this subject. I regret that I cannot always decipher, and therefore attempt to verify, his authorities, which he nearly always gives, for, as the book is a folio of some 450 pages of MS.,"scriptus et in tergo," the writing is often sorely cramped and crowded. His note is on the shark or tiburon (?), and he adds at once : "The fish that swallowed Jonah. Barthol: de Morb: Bib: 476, and Grot: de Ver. X. rel: 27." His other citations are:"When the young ones are in danger they retire into the mouth of the old one; and we found one young one 6 feet long in an old shark's belly."-Ovington, 46. "One drawn into the ship where the author was, that was at least 45 feet long."-Ib., 45. "We are assured by several accounts that a negro was taken out of the belly of one, who lived nearly 24 hours after he was taken out."-Furetiers (?), under the word 'Tiburon.' "One weighed at least '4,000 lb.; a whole man found in its belly."-Littleton's Dict.' in voc. 6 Lamia,' p. 153. Kyros in Greek, cetus in Latin, and cèto in Italian mean any kind of sea-monsterwhale, shark, dogfish, seal, dolphin, porpoise, &c. (cf. Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon,' Lewis and Short's Latin Dict.,' and Fanfani's Vocabulario della Lingua Italiana'). This is recognized by the R.V., which has a note to "whale " in St. Matthew xii. 40: Gr. sea-monster.” 66 As the Catholic Church is committed to the maintenance of the historical character of the Prophetia Jonæ,' and as it seems to be admitted on all hands that a whale could not have swallowed so bulky an object as a prophet, it will not be surprising if KTOS is translated as requin (shark) in French versions of the New Testament. The east window of Lincoln College, Oxford, a fine piece of Flemish glass, has a representation of the casting upon shore of the prophet Jonas. Ribald undergraduates assured me that this window also represented the casting up of a trunk marked P. J. for Propheta Jonas." I saw the trunk well enough-it was obviously intended for a rock; but the P. J. is a myth. 66 JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. The Book of Jonah belongs to those homiletical works, set in allegorical framework, the basis of which is more or less unhistorical, or semi-historical. The Book of Esther, the Book of Tobit, &c., belong to the same series, and were written to subserve the same public ends, during periods of grave national anxiety. The Book of Jonah, despite its unhistoric setting, holds a dominant place in the synagogue, being publicly read in the afternoon service for the Day of Atonement. It came into prominence during that dark period in Jewish history when Antiochus Epiphanes, in the second half of the second century before the Christian Era, sought to destroy the Judan hegemony, and was in the end triumphantly defeated by the Hasmonean princes. that same period much of the "Chochma " or Wisdom Literature may be rationally assigned also. The whole theme is wonderfully elaborated in the Talmud (Taanith, &c.). To With regard to the question itself, one is puzzled to know how the Vulgate arrived. at the rendering a whale for the generic term "dog" "fish." For various sea = I should have said that in Pusey's ex-monsters, such as crocodiles and dolphins, cursus the references to his long list of autho- we have the terms tannim, tannin, tannineem, rities are always carefully given. and livyoson. Gesenius considers the livyoson to be the crocodile ; we favour the Canterbury. dolphin, seeing it was allowed as Ep S. R. C. 66 a substitute for meat by the Roman Church, and was considered by gourmets as great delicacy. Curiously the livyoson is among those special dainties reserved for saints who have earned the crown of immortality in the Oulom Habbo," or "the world to come.' Whales rarely frequent the mare clausum, whereas the dolphins are almost natives of it. In the days before the compass was available a school of dolphins was regarded as invariably the harbinger of a storm, and captains, upon meeting one, would tack as speedily as possible into the nearest port. The excessive voraciousness of those creatures is further ground for belief that Jonah's friend was "a dolphin.” Yet, whether whale, shark, or dolphin was the providential medium employed in the dramatic working of that beautiful allegory, the Scriptural annalist very acutely conceals his ignorance under the generic term of dog and "dogo," which all the standard authorities on the subject—Gesenius, Buxtorf, Fuerst, Kitto, &c.-agree to translate by the word M. L. R. BRESLAR. "fish." Percy House, South Hackney, N.E. THE REV. J. B. BLAKEWAY : BIBLIOGRAPHY (11 S. xi. 231).—It is with pleasure that I am able to give some of the writings of the late Rev. J. B. Blakeway, the whole of whose manuscripts are in the Bodleian library. Articles in the Shropshire Archæological Walls of Shrewsbury, from Blakeway's MSS. in vol. xi., 1899. Topographical History of Shrewsbury. Edited by Mr. W. Phillips.-3rd Series, vol. v., 1905; vol. vi., 1906; vol. vii., 1907. Notes on Kinlet. Edited and illustrated by Mrs. Baldwyn-Childe.-3rd Series, vol. viii., 1908. History and Antiquities of Shrewsbury, 1809.This is supposed to be the first pages of Owen and Blakeway's History of Shrewsbury.' Woollen Trade and the Siege of Oswestry, 1816. Sermons. Warning against Schism. Sermon preached in St. Mary's Church, Shrewsbury. Published 1799. National Benefits, a Call for National Repentance. Sermon preached in St. Mary's Church, Shrewsbury, 1805. No date of publication. Attachment to the Church the Duty of its Members. Sermon preached in St. Mary's Church, Shrewsbury. Published 1816. Attempt to ascertain the Author of the Letters published under the Signature of Junius. Published 1813. There is an excellent portrait of Blakeway, and also a photograph (taken from an oil painting) of him and his co-writer the Ven. Archdeacon Hugh Owen, in the Shrewsbury Museum. HARRY T. BEDDOWS. Borough Library, Shrewsbury. In addition to the works given ante, p. 231, the following are by the Rev. J. B. Blakeway : Attachment to the Church the Duty of its Members. A Sermon on Gal. vi. 10] preached at the Anniversary Meeting of the Salop District Committee of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. Shrewsbury, 1816. The Sheriffs of Shropshire, &c.-Published posthumously, and edited by D. Rowland. Some Account of the Early History of Ludlow. [In Documents connected with the History A Warning against Schism. A Sermon [on 1 Pet. of Ludlow,' by R. H. Clive.] 1841. v. 8] preached....before two Friendly Societies. ..29 May, 1799. Shrewsbury, 1799. History of Shrewsbury Hundred or Liberties.... Edited from the original MSS. in the Bodleian Library by the Rev. W. G. D. Fletcher. [Printed for private circulation only.] Oswestry, 1897. A History of Shrewsbury School from the Blakeway MSS. and Many Other Sources. Illustrated....by A. Rimmer. [Edited by A. Rimmer and H. W. Adnitt.] Shrewsbury, 1889. ARCHIBALD SPARKE, F.R.S.L. AMALAFRIDA IN PROCOPIUS (11 S. xi. 211). In the third book of Procopius's 'YTÈр T@v modéμov (= 'De Bello Vandalico,' bk. i.) the following particulars about Amalafrida are given. Thrasamund, King of the Vandals, after the death of his childless wife, wishing to strengthen his power, sent to Theodoric, King of the Goths, and asked for the hand of his sister Amalafrida, who had lately been left a widow. Theodoric sent his sister, attended by a bodyguard of a thousand noble Goths and five thousand soldiers (chap. viii. §§ 11-13). The rest of the chapter is taken up with an account of the war with the Maurusians and the disastrous defeat of the Vandals. We are then told of the death of Thrasamund, after a reign of twenty-seven years. In the next chapter we read of the accession of the unwarlike Hilderic; and then, in §§ 3, 4, how the Vandals incurred the enmity of Theodoric and their former allies, the Goths in Italy, because they imprisoned 66 66 66 8, Royal Avenue, S.W. 66 J. FOSTER PALMER. Amalafrida and put all the Goths to death, as if it were spelt "margerine," or words to accusing them of a revolutionary movement. that effect. Retch," until a few years ago, In the first letter of the ninth book of I had always heard pronounced with a Cassiodorus's Variæ' we have King Atha- short e, except among the illiterate. Since laric's letter of remonstrance to Hilderic for then I have occasionally heard it pronounced having killed Amalafrida. The queen had long by University graduates, and have even two children by her first husband. In Pro-heard it defended; but I am still convinced copius, V. iii. (=‘De Bello Gothico,' I.), we that it is unjustifiable. And why will are introduced to her son Theodatus (Theoda-people accent cascara on the second had), and in V. xii. 22 to her daughter syllable? It is a well-known Spanish word, Amalaberga, who married Hermanfrid, King and is accented on the first syllable, with of the Thuringians. the a long as in “art.” This is confirmed, Further references are given in vol. iii. of too, by the ‘N.E.D.' 'Indecórous" is Hodgkin's Italy and her Invaders,' which surely right. I once heard it related that, contains a useful pedigree, and in Hart-a treasonable song having been sung in mann's concise notice in the Pauly-Wissowa Dublin Castle, the Lord Lieutenant* joined Real-Encyclopädie.' in the chorus. This, some one replied, was EDWARD BENSLY. "in-de-córous." I remember celery" pronounced as salary by old people, and MORTIMER'S MARKET, TOTTENHAM COURT break as breek." ROAD (11 S. xi. 87).-An interesting note on this subject will be found in that admirable publication the St. Pancras Book of Dates,' under the date of 1827, on 30 April of which year the foundation-stone of University College was laid by the Duke of Sussex. Both the College and the Hospital now stand on part of what was Mr. Mortimer's field, known before he purchased it as "Hope Field." He built the ten cottages known as Mortimer's Cottages, or Mortimer's Folly, at the extreme western end of the field, which comprised some twelve acres, and his own residence at the extreme eastern end. The site of the latter was in the corner of the College Quadrangle. The pond which MR. JACOBS mentions was supplied by a spring in the grounds. It was of considerable size, with an island in the centre, and the overflow formed two small streams, one of which ran down by the western side of the Hospital, and the other along the south of what is now Endsleigh Gardens as far as the east side of St. Pancras Church, where it formed another pond on the site of the present Drill Hall. ALAN STEWART. PRONUNCIATION: ITS CHANGES (11 S. xi. 121, 214).—“ Humour " has certainly taken on an aspirate during my memory. It now sounds defective, not to say unrefined, without it. "Details" has also taken an accent on the last syllable. "Margarine is sometimes heard with a soft g, but only, I think, among the uneducated. It is a new word; but "margaric acid," which was well known to chemists, was always pronounced with a hard g. The N.E.D.' says it is sometimes vulgarly pronounced soft, ACTON-BURNELL, SHROPSHIRE: GARBETT FAMILY (11 S. xi. 209). There is in the 1623 Visitation of Shropshire' (Harl. Soc., vol. xxviii. p. 195) a pedigree of Garbed alias Gabbitt of Condover, which commences with "Rob'tus Garbedd alias Gabbitt de Acton Burnell temp. H. 7, one of the guard [1486]." The‘1568 Visitation of London' (Harl. Soc., vol. i. p. 95) repeats part of this pedigree, starting with Robert Gabot of Acton Burnell in the County of Sallop had this Banner giuen him by Maximilian the Emperor for his Seruice.' (Gu., a griffin segreant or, holding in claws a flagstaff bendy arg. and sa., on it a flag of the third charged with a double-headed eagle displ. of the second.) 66 One or two Garbett families have claimed descent from the above family, but they have never made any serious attempts to establish their claim, as far as I am aware. LEO C. : 'AGNES' HAZLITT AND SCOTT (11 S. xi. 208). A Biographical Dictionary of Living Authors,' 1816, gives "Agnes and Leonora, Novel, 2 vols. 12mo, 1799," as the work of Richard Sickelmore, an eccentric character at Brighton." W. B. H. 66 "THE FRUIT GIRL' (11 S. xi. 210).La Petite Fruitière anglaise,' Thomas Gaugain, 1786; La Petite Fruitière anglaise,' Bonnefoy, 1787. BON A. F. BOURGEOIS. Lord Spencer. The story is probably well known. It is only used as an illustration. |