THE PRONUNCIATION OF "CHOPIN (11 S. xi. 168). This name, though of course originally French, is pronounced in a somewhat Polonized way (an analogy is to be found in the English pronunciation of some French names). Ch is, in this case, pronounced like the Polish sz or the English sh; but the in is similar to the Polish en, i.e., is pronounced as the en in ten. The accent falls on the o. Thus the name sounds Shawpenn. It is often spelt Szopen. LUDWIK EHRLICH. THE KNIGHTS TEMPLARS : ALLEGED APPROPRIATION (11 S. xi. 171).-Cardinal Gasquet in English Monastic Life,' at · p. 233, says of the Templars : : Their Order was suppressed by Pope Clement V. in 1309; an act which was confirmed in the Council of Vienne in 1312....On the final suppression of their Order, their lands and houses, to the number of eighteen, were handed over to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem.” Is it not probable that Penmachno thus passed from the Templars to the Hospitallers ? JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. be REVERSED ENGRAVINGS (11 S. ix. 189, 253, 298). At the second reference MRS. LAVINGTON remarks that "reversed engravings of subject pictures must rather uncommon, owing to the resulting left-handedness in action." In Les Monumens de la Monarchie Françoise,' par Bernard de Montfaucon, 1729-33, iii. 72, the author, writing of the double-page folio engraving representing the combat between the dog and the Chevalier Macaire (story of the Dog of Montargis '), says that it is the fault of the ancient engraver that in the ancient print Macaire holds his cudgel in his left hand and his buckler in his right, adding that this has been corrected in the new engraving, i.e., in that in Les Monumens,' new" nearly 200 years ago. ROBERT PIERPOINT. 66 PICTURES AND PURITANS (11 S. xi. 151, 195).—The pictures mentioned were probably not all paintings on canvas, but representations in stained glass or in some other medium which were deemed objectionable by William Dowsing and his assistant iconoclasts. In his Journal, which I possess, printed at the end of Wells's Rich Man's Duty (published by John Henry Parker, Oxford, in 1840), one reads that at Allhallows, Sudbury, they "brake about twenty superstitious pictures"; at Stoke-Nayland, "an hundred ; at Ufford, thirty, and “gave direction to take down thirty-seven more and so forth, and so forth. The fellow's would mean four-sevenths of life devoted to record makes one shudder. No doubt some of the pictures were on screens such as those which, worthily treated by Sir W. B. Richmond, still delight a beholder at Southwold. There is another chancel screen of the like type at Woodbridge, and there are probably many more in the same county. ST. SWITHIN. STARLINGS TAUGHT TO SPEAK (11 S. xi. 68, 114, 154).-I did not reply to this query when it first appeared, because what was wanted was authority for the truth of the belief rather than for the belief itself; but it is not, perhaps, quite beside the point to refer to the well-known passage in the second branch of the 'Mabinogi, which in Lady Charlotte Guest's translation reads:And Branwen reared a starling in the cover of the kneading trough, and she taught it to speak, and she taught the bird what manner of 66 man her brother was.' The romancer does not represent the bird as telling Branwen's story to her brother, but merely as carrying a letter; but the passage quoted shows that the belief in the starling's powers of speech existed in Wales at an early period. H. I. B. One of your correspondents writes to me direct with reference to this question, that in 1876, when he was a lieutenant in the (then) Bengal Fusiliers, a sergeant in the same regiment named Owen had a starling which used to pronounce its owner's Christian name Richard quite distinctly. R. NICHOLLS. DIRECT DE QUINCEY ON "TIME FOR INTELLECTUAL CULTURE (11 S. xi. 166).— It is surely not De Quincey who has made an "extraordinary miscalculation." If the whole of the 7,000 odd days before the twentieth birthday are to be deducted from the total, it will not do to deduct in addition over twothirds of those same days! The deduction for sleeping and daily work must be twothirds of fifty years, not of seventy. So also with the one hour ad corpus curandum. On this basis I make the balance to be 5,329 days; from which I infer that De Quincey must have allowed three hours ad corpus curandum to get the total below 4,000. The miscalculation reminds me of the curious blunder made by a daily paper a few years ago in criticizing the view that the ideal of holidays was to take "one day in seven, one week in seven, one month in seven, and one year in seven." This, it said, recreation, forgetting that during the course of any one of the longer periods of rest the shorter periods could not be taken also. Exact calculation is impossible, owing to the variable length of the month; but I make the proportion of life devoted to recreation on this scheme to be a little over four-ninths. A. MORLEY DAVIES. Arngrove, Harrow Road, Pinner. [MR. J. J. FREEMAN and MR. R. NICHOLLS also thanked for replies.] = HARRISON GREEN (11 S. xi. 108, 173).— My apologies are due to MR. ROLAND AUSTIN for giving a wrong date, and my only excuse is that I was misled by a MS. copy of the Harrison pedigree, originally published in the Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica, to consult. Though much obliged for this vol. iv. p. 118, which at present I am unable correction, I shall be still more thankful for an answer to my query. W. H. CHIPPINDALL, Col. Kirkby Lonsdale. be 'The HENLEY FAMILY (11 S. xi. 129, 194).— Notes on Books. The Gospel of Nicodemus and Kindred Documents. Translated, with an Introduction, by Arthur Westcott. (Heath, Cranton & Co., 38. 6d. net.) THIS does not profess, the writer says, to be a "scholarly treatise," having been kept within the scope of the general reader by the omission of notes and references, and the restriction of the Introduction to a simple outline of necessary matters. It is difficult when reading it not to wish for something fuller, though we are inclined to think that Mr. Westcott has hit the mark he proposed to himself better than he would have done if he had left us nothing to desire. For it is certainly a good thing to familiarize that large public which loves reading, but is impatient of the detail of scholarship, with one of the most important sources of our forefathers' living beliefs. Joseph of Arimathea, Longinus, Veronica, Dismas, and Gesmas (or Gestas, as he is called in this Gospel) must have puzzled many a tolerably wellinformed person as to whence their names and histories are derived; and those in particular who have dipped into Celtic legends and literature must have found such vagueness inconvenient. This little book will remedy that. Besides treating of The Acts of Pilate' and The Descent into Hell - The Harrowing of Hell' is its old and more expressive name—which together form the Gospel of Nicodemus, it gives a Quida. 'Through the Eyes of Private Peckham," by Major R.A.M.C., tells the story of a badly wounded man brought into a church converted into a clearing hospital. The subject is not without its perils, but they are avoided by directness and Mauleiana: Judge Parry's sketch, reserve. Study in Judicial Irony,' is pleasant reading.. and better than collections of legal or judicial bons mots commonly are. We have often observed that no jokes or ironies are so hopelessly impoverished by removal from their native surroundings as the legal variety. There follows one of the most delightful portraits that have recently appeared in The Cornhill A Village Postmistress,' by Mr. Charles S. Earle. Some details of the portrait are hard to believe in, but it is drawn with skill and humour; it abounds in entertainment; is not lacking, either, in wellsubordinated pathos; and stays in one's memory. A Newspaper in Time of War,' by "An Editor,' is full of good things. Lieut.-Col. G. F. MacMunn's 'Zip-Zap-Zeppelin-perhaps a thought too self-congratulatory, for we are not without our internal difficulties to tackle-is all the same picturesque reading, and heartening too, for after all, as far as it goes, its truth is gloriously undeniable. Mr. Arthur C. Benson contributes a dialogue on The New Poets,' which comes suavely to a very just and prettily stated conclusion along a line of argument which, if not new, is newly and pleasingly decorated for the occasion. We are bound to confess that we did not find it possible to " creep over Mr. Douglas G. Browne's in the Introduction sections devoted to the The Root of the Oak.' Archdeacon Hutton legends that can be traced back to this source, and, conjures up cleverly in 'Shakespeare's Grandamong the translations, renderings of half a dozen daughter' a charming dream of Elizabeth Barnard, other ancient Christian documents of legendary Shakespeare's last descendant, weaving into it interest, the best known being the group con- all the too scanty information we have about her.. nected with the fate of Pilate. In all this little collection there is nothing of Mr. B. Paul Neuman has a short story, The Sonwho said "I Go Not,' ," which, perhaps, is rather value purely as literature. Much of it is made up too much of an abbreviated long story. Next of quotations from the canonical Scripture. comes, under the title A Cavalryman at the the other hand, it is not difficult to see that the Front, one of the best things in the number-themakers of mysteries, and also the makers of diary from 15 Aug. last to 1 Oct. of Capt. Herbert pictures, found the Gospel of Nicodemus itself Maddick of the 5th (Royal Irish) Lancers with fruitful in suggestion. Perhaps we may say that the Expeditionary Force. It is hardly necessary it is not unlike the text of a popular lanto attempt to praise it. Excisions by the Censor tern - lecture an accompaniment and record render it chiefly an account of personal experience rather than the essence of the lecture. The com-vividly and well put to a degree surprising parison has been suggested by observing how infinitely greater in its effect on the imagination is the photograph from Fra Angelico's fresco at St. Mark, which Mr. Westcott has put at the beginning of his book, than the description of the Descent into Hell' in the Gospel. On Mr. Westcott hazards the conjecture that the names Leucius and Karinus, given to the two men raised from the dead at the time of the Crucifixion, who simultaneously write down the 'Harrowing of Hell,' veil the name of the real author, Leucius Charinus, a second-century writer, well known, but of heretical tendencies. THE March Cornhill is so good a number that it seems worth while to go straight through it. It begins with the third instalment of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Western Wanderings,' where we find him amid the problems of the Prairie. Next comes Behind the Mask,' a poem by C. L. G., the character-sketch of a hero at Wipers,' witty, polished, and tender, and none the less poignant in its brilliancy from the fact that the hero, ultra-modern in type as he is, also recalls 66 when the circumstances are taken into account. We notice that Mrs. Ritchie's Two Sinners,' which comes last, concludes next month. The Burlington Magazine for March opens with a note on an important painting by Pieter de Hooch which has recently come to light, and is illustrated in a full-page photogravure. Mr. Martin S. Briggs concludes his article on the genius. of Bernini with some remarks on his architectural works. In the preceding number the Philip II.' now in the National Portrait Gallery was Some identified as by Sofonisba Anguissola. further pictures by this gifted lady are now reproduced and discussed by Mr. Herbert Cook, and include two charming self-portraits which are in private collections in this country. Mr. Cook establishes the date of Sofonisba's birth as 1528, and that of her death as 1625. Sir Martin Conway deals with a picture by an unnamed early Netherlands painter, The Mass of St. Giles,' a wing of a lost triptych, the pendant to which is in the National Gallery, and which illustrates. the golden altar-frontal presented by Charles the Bald to the Abbey Church of St. Denis. The writer compares the figure of Christ in the frontal with that of certain plaques in the Victoria and Albert Museum and in the Golden Book of St. Emmeran's Abbey in Munich Library, and refers the whole of these to the Carlovingian era. Mr. L. W. King contributes an account of the excavations at Babylon by the German Oriental Society, the results of which are now published in England (The Excavations at Babylon,' by Robert Koldewey). Illustrations are given of the Ishtar Gate and of the beasts in brick relief on the foundations. A good collection of Miltoniana-the Smect ymnus controversy - is here offered for 31. 38., the tracts bound together in a thick small quarto in contemporary calf. A Netherlandish fifteenth-century MS., 144 leaves in Gothic letter, in a contemporary monastic binding of wooden boards covered with leather, containing sermons of St. Anselm, St. Ambrose, St. Augustine, and others, is a very interesting item. Might we suggest that the "roughness of the list need hardly go to quite that degree which it reaches in the Latin titles of the sermons ? Another good item is a collection of twenty-two Broadsides, printed with a view to induce recruits to come forward to repel the threatened invasion of England by Napoleon, 4l. 48. MR. ELLIS'S Catalogue No. 157 is divided into two parts-the first, describing autographs and historical documents; the second, old books and MSS., and both full, as usual, of excellent matters. In both parts collectors of Pepys items will find things to interest them. We may mention two examples from several: a letter to Pepys from Sir William Coventry, dated 30 Nov. (probably 1667), upon the revelations of Gilsthrop, Batten's clerk (41. 4s.), and a copy of Wheatley's 'Pepys's Diary,' in 10 vols., with autograph letters and other things inserted, 211. There are important historical documents relating to the Cinque Ports (1557-1680, 107. 108.), to Reigate (eighteenth century, 301.), and to Tournay (fifteenth century, 201.), as well as six MSS. of the last decade of the FROM Notes of the Month' in The Antiquary for March (Elliot Stock) we learn that, during the improvements now being made in Old Palace Yard, the King's Jewel House has been discovered. This is one of the oldest of London's buildings. Another note informs visitors to Westminster Abbey that the beautiful sixteenth-century iron grille has been restored (after nearly a century) to its original place round the effigy of Lady Margaret Beaufort. A note from The Globe records the gift by Japan to King Albert of Belgium of a beautiful Japanese sword, forged in 1577 by the famous swordsmith Kakagawa Shichiyemonno-jo Yukikané, who died in the year of the Armada. Miss Mary F. A. Tench gives a description of Reims Cathedral, illustrated by photographs taken by her in 1911. Mr. R. G. Collingwood, under Roman Ambleside,' describes some of the results of the explorations carried out by the Cumberland and Westmorland Anti-sixteenth century relating to levies in Norfolk, quarian Society. As many as possible of the remains have been left open to the inspection of the public. These include the three central buildings, all the gates, and the three remaining corner turrets. Mr. Carl T. Walker supplies an abridgment of his work (in course of compilation) on the History and Antiquities of Hampsthwaite.' He will include an account of Peter Barker, the blind joiner. Mr. Eminson discusses some Deceptive Place-Names of England and Normandy'; and Mr. H. R. Leighton has 'A Note upon DiamondWritings on Window-Panes in Two Houses in the County of Durham.' BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES.-MARCH. MESSRS. P. J. & A. E. DOBELL send us a "Rough List' of books (numbered 239) which is worth the attention of book-lovers whose purses are rather shallow than deep. It describes more than 750 items, the greater number of which are inexpensive as well as good. Under the headings of Ruskin and Shelley are copies, printed on vellum, of letters and isolated works, of which we may mention Ruskin's Letters to William Ward (31. 38.), Stray Letters to a London Bibliophile' (17. 108.), and the two letters to Maurice on Notes on the Construction of Sheepfolds (17. 18.) ; and Shelley's' Hellas' (31. 38.), Wandering Jew (31. 108.), and Letters to Leigh Hunt (31. 38.) and Godwin (21. 108.). For 2s. 6d. is offered a copy of letters to The Athenæum on The Hardships of Publishing,' by Walter Besant, Mr. A. D. Innes, Mr. John Murray, Mr. Heinemann, and others, dated 1 March, 1893. Messrs. Dobell have also a copy of the first folio of Beaumont and Fletcher's Comedies and Tragedies (1647), which contains seventeenth-century MS. notes, and was apparently used in the theatre, 71. 78. 127. 128. Among autographs are a short whimsical dinner invitation from Lamb to Alsop (1823, 71. 78.), and a fragment of a note of Lamb's to Dr. Stoddart (61. 68.). The outstanding item among the old books and MSS. consists of four little tracts printed in black-letter by Robert Redman (1527-32): The Testament of Moyses,' In the Name of the Father,' &c., The Crede or Beleve,' and A Consolation for troubled Consciences.' No copies of these are in the British Museum, nor yet at Oxford or Cambridge, only two others being known (1207.). We may also mention a first edition of Drayton's 'Polyolbion' (1622, 211.); a copy of Toye's Chaucer-compiled and edited by William Thynne-black letter (c. 1545, 177. 108.); ten works on calligraphy, which include (1677-9, MS. Alphabet by John Willis 101. 108.), and Frate Vespasiano's work on the subject (1556, 61. 6s.); a copy of the first edition of Richard Hawkins's 'Observations in his Voyage into the South Sea' (1593, 147. 148.); a copy of Gilbert's' De Magnete,' first edition (1600, 21.); and an important collection of views, portraits, tickets, newspaper cuttings, &c., relating to Vauxhall Gardens, inlaid in 200 or more sheets of paper, atlas folio, and contained in three cases, 217. a LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 20, 1915. CONTENTS.-No. 273. NOTES:-An Incident in the Life of Edward V., 221–The Levant Company in Cyprus, 222-A Royalist Cryptogram, 225-Dickensiana: Yorkshire Schools-Sumptuary Law in 1736, 226-Billiard-Rooms and Smoking Rooms-Miss Braddon Bibliography-Inscriptions at Hyères-Waterloo -Dr. Johnson and Hannah More-French Flag and the were reached. One obstacle to their view of the matter was that the Bursars had said "princeps," not "rex"; but that, it seems, could be jumped with ease, and in more ways than one. Ingenious as was Kirby's theory ( Annals,' p. 214) that Combe and Crocker were too loyal to the House of Lancaster to give a Yorkist king his proper title, this theory must yield the palm for ingenuity to Mr. A. F. Leach's argument ( History,' pp. 218-19) that 'the Bursars were well enough acquainted with their Classics and Roman Law to know that Princeps was in truth a higher title than king, being that of the Cæsars and the favourite title of and the Franco-German War, 227. QUERIES:-Hardy Bibliography-August Diezer Coin: John of Gaunt-"Et ego in Arcadia vixi"-De Quincey Puzzle-Author Wanted-Old Tree in Park Lane, 228Thomas Warton-Author of Poem Wanted-"Habbie Simpson"- Baird's History of Rye, N.Y.- Barbados Filtering Stones-Edward King-Old Etonians-Parker and Elliott Families, 229-Just Twenty Years Ago Augustus." Reference Wanted-St. Edmund Rich-Paget Heraldry in Lichfield Cathedral, 230-Novels on Gretna Green- Disregarding Augustus, however, and the Rev. J. B. Blakeway-Cecilia Bodenham': a Portrait by Classics, much as they may be thought to Holbein-Biographical Information Wanted, 231. appeal to Winchester, let us come a little REPLIES:- Antonio Vieira, 231-France and England nearer to the facts. In the first place, a Quarterly-The Ayrton Light at Westminster, 232-A Scarborough Warning, 233-Da Costa: Brydges Willyams renewal of the College charter had been -John Trusler, 234-Stars in Lists of India Stockholders obtained from Edward IV. in 1461, during the Trinitarian Order - Families of Kay and Key-Old first year of his reign, by letters patent, which Etonians, 235-De la Croze, Historian-Hammersmith- the College still possesses, dated 26 July, Retrospective Heraldry, 236-Physiological Surnames, 1 Edward IV.; and there was no need to 237-Norbury: Moore: Davis: Ward-Savery FamilyD'Oyley's Warehouse-Daniel Ecclaston-A Vision of the repeat the renewal, nor was it in fact reWorld-War, 238. peated, either in 1472 or (as the historians said) in 1473. In the second place, “dominus princeps " meant, not the King, but his son Edward, Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall, the elder of those unfortunate boys who, upon their father's death in 1483, were robbed of their inheritance by their uncle Richard, and murdered in the Tower of London. In November, 1472, Prince Edward was just two years old, and the reason why Warden Baker did homage to the child was that the College at that time owned a moiety of the Hampshire manor of Allington, a property which had been acquired under the will of John Fromond, whose chantry stands in the College cloisters. This manor was held as of the honour of Wallingford, which was parcel of the Duchy Duke of Cornwall was the proper formality of Cornwall; and homage to the Prince as for acknowledging his rights as overlord. NOTES ON BOOKS:-Folk-Lore of Fife-Register of the Notices to Correspondents. Notes. AN INCIDENT IN THE LIFE IN November, 1472, Dr. John Baker, the Warden of Winchester College, in company with John Whyte, one of the Fellows, paid a visit to London "pro homagio domino principi faciendo." Such is the phrase which the College Bursars of 1472-3 were content to use in their Accounts to describe the chief object of the journey, and if there is any ambiguity about it, the blame must fall on William Combe and Henry Crocker, the Bursars who used the phrase, and not on the historians of the College who have mis. understood its meaning. Though the historians were wrong when they assured us that “dominus princeps" meant Edward IV., and that the occasion of the Warden's homage was the King's renewal to the College of its charter of privileges, the error subtracts nothing from our enjoyment of the dexterity with which their conclusions This explanation of a highly interesting ceremony is not based upon conjecture. It rests upon some fairly definite statements which our historians seem to have overlooked, but which occur in the College Accounts of 1471-2, when Edward Thacham and William Branche were the Bursars :— "Et in Rewardo dato Feodario honoris de habendo apud Walyngfforde pro Favore suo Alyngton', vis. viiid. Et in expensis domini Custodis, magistri Johannis Whyte et aliorum equitancium london' in mense Octobris ad communicandum cum consilio domini principis pro materiis concernentibus manerium de Alyngton' |