The compiler of 'The Comic Latin Chronicler wrote "All gud Scottis men Grammar,' published in 1840, cannot have war rycht blyth of that accordance," he been the originator of the distich quoted probably spoke of "Scotsmen," the plural by MR. WAINEWRIGHT. In Padre de Isla's noun having merged into the adjectival Fray Gerundio de Campazas' (Madrid, | form. We may assume, therefore, that 1804, vol. i. p. 186) the first line is thus printed : Inglis, Scottis, and Erse (from Eire = Ire land) were the original Scottish forms of the adjectives, just as Franceis, Spanis, Norreys, &c., were those denoting other nationalities. In Southern English the final sibilant became aspirated, and appears as English, Scotch, Irish, French, and Spanish, but it is retained in its original form in Norse. The form Scottish" is a hybrid arrived at by adding the English aspirate to the early Northern orthography "Scottis." 66 'The Comic Latin Grammar' was written" by Percival Leigh ("Paul Prendergast "), known to his colleagues on the staff of Punch-Sir Frank Burnand relates-as "The S. R. C.'s query brings to mind a neat Professor." Perhaps some of your readers sally by the Hon. Frederick Lambton in can inform me, by way of reciprocity, who the House of Commons. We were diswas the author of The Comic English cussing some Scottish matter, I forget what, Grammar,' which also came out in 1840, and in the course of his speech he used the illustrated by John Leech. In a 'Bio- term Scotch." A Radical below the ganggraphical Sketch of John Leech,' by Fred. way on the other side called out, Scottish, G. Kitton, published in 1883 by George not Scotch!' "Oh, I beg the hon. Redway of 12, York Street, Covent Garden, member's pardon," rejoined Mr. Lambton; there is a useful chronological list of works "it is rather a puzzle to an Englishman to know illustrated wholly or partly by John Leech, what is the right word. One hears of the Scots which includes The Comic English Gram- Guards and the London Scottish; but if I were mar,' therein stated to be by Gilbert à Beck- to go into a place of refreshment and ask for a glass of Scottish, might get something I did not But in 'The à Becketts of Punch,' want. I have always been led to believe that by Arthur William à Beckett, published in the Scottish people preferred the spirit to the 1903, the Comic Latin and Comic English letter." Grammars are both attributed to Percival | I quote from memory, not knowing whether Leigh. Which is correct? the mot is recorded (as it certainly ought to be) in Hansard. HERBERT MAXWELL. ett. WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK. [MR. R. A. POTTS and MR. ARCHIBALD SPARKE thanked for replies.] 66 There is no wrong in the matter; all are right. See N.E.D.' under Scotch, adj.’ or 66 66 Scots J. T. F. "SCOTS" "SCOTCH " (11 S. xi. 108). This variant may be traced to its origin in the difference between the Northern and Southern dialects of English. The plural The use of in lieu of "Scotch " in s was restricted in Southern English to Scottish" is a corruption that crept masculine nouns ending in a consonant, but into use during the last two decades of in Northern English was soon applied to the nineteenth century. Previously it was nouns of both genders, prefixed by a con- merely the legal form of the word-as, for Scots law," in which an necting vowel e, i, This vowel, instance, or y. originally sounded as a distinct syllable, ancient general use may have survived. soon became slurred, except in nouns ending The change was largely, I think, brought in a sibilant, but was retained in Scottish about by R. L. Stevenson, always in search writings as late as the seventeenth century, of curious words, who probably picked up long after it had ceased to be heard in the idea during his brief period of walking speech. Thus when Barbour (c. 1360) wrote the floor of Parliament House. His preference for Scots would suffice to influence a generation of littérateurs who looked to him as a model; especially newspaper men, always keenly alive to any new word or phrase with which to make their platitudes seem more piquant. We may be thankful that R. L. S. was content with this How we ar out of our cuntre Banist throu Inglismenis micht, And it that ouris suld be of richt, the metre shows that while "Inglismenis (Englishmen) was sounded as four syllables, ouris (ours) was a monosyllable. So a hundred years later, although the Auchenleck 66 sole importation from Scottish legal jargon. It seems now to be more commonly used by writers than the correct forms of the word, but I do not think the people generally accept it, unless it be in Edinburgn, where the Law Courts and R. L. S. have much influence with middle-class people. Burns, Scott, Carlyle, and other earlier writers of mark did not fall into this affectation; though in Scott's case such a lapse would have been excusable. E. RIMBAULT DIBDIN. Among the additional examples inserted by Halliwell and Wright are extracts from two letters dated respectively 1603 and 1616, in which " Scarborough warning "" means a message or warning sudden and unexpected. W. Carew Hazlitt in his English Proverbs,' 1907, p. 36, refers to Tusser's Husbandry,' ed. 1604, sign. B ii. The reference is in my copy of Tusser, ed. 1672, p. 16, or chap. 10 quatrain 28. :— Be surety seldom (but never for much) 61, Huskisson Street, Liverpool. [C. C. B. and MR. WAINEWRIGHT also thanked Or Scarborow warning, as ill I believe, for replies.] Such proverbial speeches as Totness (sic) is turned French, for a strange alteration, Skarborow warning for a sodaine commandment, allowing no respect or delay to bethink a man of his business. -Puttenham, Art of English Poesie,' iii. xviii. A word and a blow, like a Scarborough warning. Murray, who refers to the capture of the castle by surprise by Stafford in Wyatt's rebellion, 1553. Said also to have been spoken by Mountain of his capture at Cambridge Castle in 1544.-See Strype's Memorials of Queen Mary,' 1554. One explanation is that it was the custom to fire without warning upon vessels passing Scarborough Castle which did not strike their sails. Corlass, p. 6. Al they the lyke poast haste did make with Scarboro' scrabbling. Stanihurst, 'Eneid,' iv. 621. See also Chambers' 'Book of Days,' January 19; Diary of Adela Pryme,' p. 126. One may consult Nares's ' Glossary,' a new edition with additions by Halliwell and for fear of purse penniless hanging by such: when Sir (I arrest ye) gets hold of your sleeve. ROBERT PIERPOINT. CLERICAL DIRECTORIES (11 S. xi. 109).— The British Museum Catalogue gives the following information, but the dates do remarks in brackets are obtained from elsenot necessarily mean first issues. The where:: (2) The Clergy List,' Cox, 1841. (3) The Clerical Directory,' 1858, was continued as Crockford's Clerical Directory' in 1860. (4) Bosworth's Clerical Directory,' 1886-8. No more published. [Kelly published a directory entitled Clergy List, with Clerical Guide and Ecclesiastical Directory,' in 1890, and it is still in progress.] (5) J. S. Phillips's Clergy Directory and Parish Guide,' 1891, is still in progress. [There was a book with this title published by Bosworth in July and November, 1872.] "The Clerical Register: issued from the Registry of Curates and Curacies,' was issued 1 Dec., 1862, and ceased 1 Aug., 1866. A Clerical Guide; or, Ecclesiastical Directory," issued by Rivington at 228., is mentioned in the 'London Catalogue of Books' (1800-27), but no date is given, though The Gentleman's Magazine for 1817 announces it as preparing for publica tion. 6 ARCHIBALD SPARKE, F.R.S.L. (4) T. Bosworth's 'Clerical Guide' (not Directory) was started about ten years later than the date given in J. C. H.'s query -1885 or 1886. Wright, 1872, where the following quota-form J. C. H. that this book (quoted by (5) The Clergy Directory.'-May I in tions are given : They tooke them to a fort, with such small treasure As in so Scarborow warning they had leasure. Harrington's' Ariosto,' xxxiv. 22. This term, Scarborow warning, grew (some say) By hasty hanging, for rank robbry theare. Who that was met, but suspect in that way, Streight he was trust up, whatever he weare. J. Heywood, Harl. Misc.,' x. 258, ed. Park. * I give the conjunction of Stafford and Wyatt and the date 1553 as they appear in the book quoted. him as Phillips's) was first issued in 1872, and has appeared annually since ? THE GREAT HARRY (11 S. xi. 88).-Is the inquirer not confusing this ship with the Mary Rose? When the French fleet, under Claude Annebaut, Admiral of France, came over to the Isle of Wight in July, 1545, the English fleet was lying at Portsmouth. When getting under way in order to engage the French, the Mary Rose, a ship of 500 tons, suddenly sank. According to Clowes, she "heeled so much when her helm was put hard over that the sills of her lower ports, only 16 inches out of the water ere she heeled at all, were submerged." She thereupon filled, and sank so quickly that all on board, including her captain, Sir George Carew, were carried down with her, except about thirty-five. (See Clowes's History of the Royal Navy,' i. 463.) T. F. D. "In 1553 the celebrated Henri Grace à Dieu, which had in the meantime been renamed the Edward, was accidentally burnt at Woolwich; and for many years afterwards there was no ship in the English navy equal to her in size or magnificence."-W. Laird Clowes in Social England' (1902), iii. 300. A. R. BAYLEY. Notes on Books. William Blake, Poet and Mystic. By P. Berger. Authorized Translation from the French by Daniel H. Conner. (Chapman & Hall, 158. net.) THIS is one of the most important books about Blake. It gives us the judgment of a mind thoroughly well-informed as to details of biography and criticism, sympathetically sensitive towards the poet without being akin to him, and possessing the advantage-for amid the redundancy of English work on Blake this certainly may strike the English reader as an advantage of approaching the subject, in the first instance, from the native standpoint of another language. A review of the book on its first appearance in French will be found in The Athenæum for 27 July, 1907. The volume before us contains an excellent bibliography brought up to the year that has just closed. Blake's mystical "doctrines' are here expounded with all the admirable lucidity characteristic of French literary interpretation. This has not been attained by any sacrifice of fullness, still less by any sacrifice of the atmosphere so imperatively required if, without the aid of the drawings, we are to enter Blake's world feeling that it is a world. We know of no book more suitable than this to be the first for the student of literature who, with some reading behind him, and possessing the general reader's acquaintance with Blake's poems, is now proceeding to get a more thorough knowledge of him. As, enlightened by these pages, he proceeds to the Prophetic Books, we should not be surprised if he found it necessary rather to diminish than to enhance the sense he has reality of Blake's scheme of acquired of the the universe. Prof. Berger seems to be considerably perplexed between Blake's system of morality-which, as we all know, was something of the Nietzschean order and the good, law-abiding tenor of his life sufficiently bring out-what the lives of all mystics and conversation. He does not, we think, quite of this order make plain the literally enthralling character of the gift of vision. This works in two ways. In the first place, excesses, whether of temper or appetite, tend in the end to deteriorate the gift, so that, most distressingly to the visionary, what was once of a ravishing beauty and majesty becomes trivial, sordid, doubtful, or horrible. In the second place, if the precept to reject law and follow desire is to be by the mystic strictly carried out, he can only do so by plunging deeper and ever deeper into the world of his vision. There his treasure lies. He will easily enough be lawabiding in this world, where nothing attracts him, and where the setting up of conflict would but The freer hinder him in the desire of his heart. and more victorious his movement among visions, and the more all-embracing these show themselves to be, the more faithfully, in the only way his peculiar nature allows, has he acted up to his own counsels. Supposing Blake had lived, not in a highly civilized and sophisticated community, but as one of a barbaric, even of a savage people, what would have been his effect upon these-his position among them? Plausible reasons might be given for expecting the Occurrence of such visionary power to be more rather than less frequent among such peoples than in our Western Europe. The writer of these words was once told that in South Africa a certain proportion of the conversions of natives to Christianity are the direct result of visions. Imagine, then, a person so endowed, unhampered by extraneous authority to appeal to or reconcile himself with-would he not impart his system, as it grew up within him, Might he not convincingly to his neighbours ? even teach them names of spirits and other agencies, deriving these from imagination just as are derived so many of the names of Blake's spiritual No entities ? Who can say that we have not here as necessary an element in the origin of mythologies as popular beliefs about, and observations of, natural phenomena? There is a curious dæmonic quality, for example, in the older Greek stories, a violence and dreadful weight of cryptic meaning which bears an extraordinary resemblance to Blake's creations. doubt a sense of shuddering awe, of horror and mystery unexplained, may be common to a group of inen, but, seeing that Blake himself was virtually unique in his generation, and that persons who even slightly resemble him are everywhere rare, we may doubt whether the vivid, firinly-outlined expression of mystery in form and act ever, at its very origin, have been the workperhaps one should say the vision-of more than one mind. We cannot, for example, tell the relation to reality of Hades and Demeter and Persephone any more clearly than that of Los and Enitharmon; but, despite the working-over of generations of worshippers and artists and poets, these old Greek figures seem to retain something of that secret glow, that hardly expressible can mingling of vastness, awfulness, and poignancy, M. Berger's estimate of Blake's poetry leaves (J. S. Phillips, 48. 6d. but think, at that date if she had but " 1 loyterer.' citizens. Cirencester was fortunate, one cannot Perhaps the "biddle's he was directed do with this display of virtue, for we are told that efforts had something to people beyng above the age of seaven yeres be 66 that no children or younge suffred to wander or go idelye aboute the streets either begging or otherwyse, but may be sett according to their age and habylitye. either to knytting, spynning or some other laboure Clergy Directory, 1915. THIS is the forty-fifth year of this useful annual, net.) which, in addition to the alphabetical list of the clergy, contains a list of parishes and parochial districts, giving population, incumbent, annual income, and patron. establishments include the arrangements necessiThe Diocesan and Cathedral of Chelmsford, S. Edmundsbury, and Sheffield. tated by the recent creation of the three dioceses There is also a list of societies connected with the Church of England, with address and name of the secretary. In order that the work may be quite up to occurred during the passage of the work through date, a table is given of clergy whose deaths have the press, and whose names still appear in the general_list. made during the year that have come to our We have tested this as to changes knowledge, and find in each case the record to be accurate. Handel, the Duke of Chandos, The Harmonious Blacksmith.' By William Hayman Cummings. (London, Musical News' Office, 18. net.) THE first point of this interesting little pamphlet of some 30 pages is to show that it is extremely improbable that Handel ever resided for any length of time at Canons, the seat of the Duke of Chandos at Edgware. In setting forth his evidence with regard to this, Dr. Cummings usefully draws attention to several errors which have crept into, and to some extent have retained their place in, Handel's biography. The, allied, second6d.) particulars of the ruin of the museum of IN The Antiquary for February (Elliot Stock, point is the origin of the well-known name The Ypres are supplied by Mr. J. Tavenor - Perry, Harmonious Blacksmith,' applied to the fifth of illustrations of the museum before and after the Handel's Suites de Pièces.' the name has a myth gathered-that, as our Bigger treats on St. Brigid crosses, and illustrates Not only around bombardment being given. readers know, of William Powell of Edgware, his article with specimens from his own collection. Mr. Francis Joseph supposed to have been both the blacksmith in Mr. Edward S. Dodgson asks: question and parish clerk during Handel's stay at Edgware as organist !-but the air itself has The School of Virtue'?" The title-page runs, "Did Cowper write been derived, by different wrong-headed or mis- inscribed to Her Majesty by a Gentleman of the "The School of Virtue: A Novel on a New Plan: informed writers on music, from different sources. Temple. Most of these attributions can be proved to be victa.' Hor. In two volumes. London. Printed for Vero nihil verius, Sola virtus inwrong by the sin:ple measure of pointing out that William Lane, Leadenhall street. MDCCLXXXVII." the dates of their respective appearances are later There is a copy in the Bodleian, but not in the than that of the publication of the Suites.' British Museum. Dr. Cummings gives the text of three of these examining the novel, its tone, and the Cowperian supposed "originals "-which would appear rather words used, as recorded in the N.E.D.' and in Mr. Dodgson, after closely to be imitations. Cowperian prose will, on perusing these volumes, Neve's Concordance, thinks that very likely find other proofs that my suggestions experts in in Cowper's favour are reasonable." Students of musical biography will find this little brochure worth acquiring, since it gives at length, in several instances, the documents, &c., connected with the argument. The Cirencester Vestry Book during the Seventeenth Century. By S. E. Harrison. (3d.) THIS paper was read by Mr. Harrison, Librarian of the Bingham Public Library, Cirencester, in March of last year before the Cirencester Natural--ists' and Archaeologists' Club, and is reprinted in pamphlet form from The Wills and Gloucestershire Standard. To the general reader its chief usefulness will, perhaps, lie in the ample quotations from orders "to be agreed upon wardens and overseers of the poor, as well as the by churchorders for the "Biddle of the Beggers." View of Armour, 1608,' is also a heading under The which we get interesting details, particularly as to the proportion in the occupations of the Notices to Correspondents. and address of the sender, not necessarily for pub to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries '"-Adver- W. R. and F. H. S.-Forwarded. R. A, A.-L. LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1915. CONTENTS.-No. 270. NOTES:-The Smith Family of Combe Hay, Somerset, 161 The Happy Warrior' and Nelson, 162-Holcroft Bibliography, 161-The Marseillaise,' 165- De Quincey on Time for direct intellectual culture"-Cardinal Bourne with the British Army in France-Demolition of 56, Great Queen Street, 166-Senrab Street-The French Flag and the Trinitarian Order, 167. QUERIES:-Stars in Lists of India Stockholders-Pronunciation of "Chopin"-Solomon's Advice to his SonMassacre of St. Bartholomew-South Carolina before 1776-Authors Wanted-Pidgeon Epitaph, 168-ShewellEdward Burton Bibliography-Old Ftonians-D'Oyley's Warehouse, 19-Polhill-John Rede, 1557-Lion with Rose-W. J. Struth-Author of Hymns Wanted-Sir R. Diccell: Sir R. Houghton, 170-Knights TemplarsW. Robinson-Silver Cakestand-Vision of the WorldWar-Heraldry without Tinctures-Lamoureux - Hon. and Rev. W. Shirley, 171. REPLIES:-Browne and Angell Families, 172-Harrison= Green-Elizabeth Cobbold-Latin Monumental Inscriptions - Woodhouse, Poet, 173-Authors of Quotations Wanted - Catechist at Christ Church-"Gazing-roon Comic Latin Grammar-Old Westminsters-Roper's news"-Col. the Hon. Cosmo Gordon, 174 - Names of Novels Wanted-De la Croze, Historian-Order of Merit -"Cole":"Coole"-Renton Nicholson-Mercers' Chapel -Extraordinary Births, 175-Rev. Lewis Way-Kay and Key-Farthing Stamps, 176-Luke Robinson-France and England Quarterly-Punctuation: its Importance, 177Rolls of Honour-" Wangle"-" Jacob Larwood," 178. NOTES ON BOOKS: Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society' Men of Genius influenced by Swedenborg Albrecht Ritschl and his School'-'Fleetwood Family Records''Book-Prices Current.' Booksellers' Catalogues. Notes. 66 He built a mansion" at Littleton, which, after occupation by his descendants for nearly a century, was subsequently tenanted by a farmer, and now no longer exists. No local record relates how or when it was destroyed, but its site is quite evident from an estate-map of the year 1820, and the form of some terraces south-west of the house is still to be traced in the adjoining meadow. Robert Smith married Dorothy, daughter of John Champneys of Orchardleigh, near Frome, a woman of very close penurious Temper, a very strict Presbyterian " (Diary of Thos. Smith of Shaw, Wiltshire Archæol. Coll., vol. xi.). They were both buried at Foxcote (M.I. in that church). Their second son, John Smith I., married Ann, daughter of Thos. Bennett of Steeple Ashton (marr. sett. dated 20 Nov., 1713), and the Littleton estate was entailed on them and their issue. Did the manor of Foxcote pass to the elder son of Robert I. and Dorothy? John Smith I. by his first wife, Ann Bennett, had an only daughter Ann, who married a first cousin, John Smith II., who on her early death, in 1751, aged 22, became the owner of Littleton, marrying secondly, in 1767, Catherine Houston, but dying the following year, having had no children by either of his wives; and by his will, proved 11 March, 1768, Littleton devolved on his nephew, John Smith III. of Combe Hay, M.P. for Bath, who only enjoyed the Littleton property for seven years, dying in 1775, and being succeeded by his son THE SMITH FAMILY OF COMBE HAY, John Smith IV., then a minor, who came of SOMERSET. A BATH newspaper cutting, dated 6 Aug., 1813, records the death on Sunday last, aged 53, of John Smith Leigh, Esq., of Combhay, Provincial Grand Master of the Lodges of Freemasons in this County, and formerly lieut.-col. of the 1st reg. Somerset militia... Invaluable in his station as a Country Gentleman, and long and universally beloved and respected in this city and its neighbourhood, the death of Mr. Leigh will make a void in society which will neither be speedily forgotten nor replaced." In the hope of being able, through the kindness of some of your readers, to fill up a missing link in the Smith pedigree, the following particulars are annexed. Robert Smith of Frome Selwood bought the manor of Foxcote, near Bath, from Humphrey Orange about the year 1690 (Collinson, Hist. of Somerset,' iii. 350), to which he added, ten years later, the adjoining estate of Stony Littleton, in Wellow parish, by purchase from the trustees of Henry Bayntun of Spye Park (conveyance dated 1 July, 1700). age in 1780, and in 1802 assumed by Royal licence the name of Leigh-the estimable gentleman referred to in the Bath obituary |