book, but it attained robust growth. Mac. aulay's famous reference to it will be remembered :—

1600. Near to the confluence of the Lugg and Wye to the east, a hill, called Marcley Hill, in the year 1575, rose as it were from sleep, and for three days moved on its vast body, with an horrible noise, driving everything before it to an higher "An esquire passed among his neighbours ground, to the great astonishment of the be- for a great scholar if Hudibras and Baker's holders, by that sort of earthquake, I suppose,Chronicle,' Tarleton's jests, and 'The Seven Cham which naturalists call Brasmatia."-Camden, pions of Christendom' lay in his hall window 'Silures.' among the fishing rods and fowling pieces."State of England in 1685.' Macaulay based his information for this passage upon The Spectator essays cclxix. and cccxxix. Fielding in Joseph Andrews makes Baker's Chronicle' a volume in Sir Thomas Booby's country house. revelled in recording the marvellous. His account of the Marcle Hill landslip occurs at the end of his chapter on Queen Elizabeth. He gives the date wrongly by four years.

Philemon Holland in his translation of Camden appears to have altered the date to 1571. This error was copied by later writers upon the phenomenon. In Gough's edition of Camden the date appears correctly.

1622.

But, Marcely, griev'd that he, (the neerest of the

rest,

And of the mountain kind) not hidden was a guest
Unto this nuptiall feast, so hardly it doth take,
(As, meaning for the same his station to forsake)
*Inrag'd and mad with griefe, himself in two did
rive:

The trees and hedges neere, before him up doth
drive,
And dropping headlong downe three daies together
fall:

Which, bellowing as he went, the rockes did so
aphall,

That they him passage made, who coats and chappels crusht,

So violentlie he into his valley rusht.

Michael Drayton, Polyolbion,' book vii. 1643. "A prodigious earthquake hapned in the east parts of Herefordshire, near a little town

66

Baker

1662. Marcley Hill in the year 1575, after shaking and roaring for the space of three days, to the great horror, fright, and astonishment of the neighbouring inhabitants, began to move about 6 a clock on Sunday evening, and continued moving or walking till 2 a clock on Monday morning: it then stood still and moved no more.. It overthrew Kinnaston chapel that stood in its way, removed an yew tree growing in the chapel yard, from the East to West, throwing down with violence and overturning the Causeys, Trees, and houses that stood in the way of its progress."Fuller's Worthies.'

1697. A long paragraph, which is evidently a blending of what appears in Fuller's found in Turner's Worthies and in Baker's Chronicle,' is

66

Compleat History of the most remarkable providences, both of judgment and mercy, which hapned in this present age....to which is added whatever is curious in the works of nature and art, the whole digested into one volume, being a work set on foot thirty years ago by the Rev. Mr. Pool, and since undertaken and finished by William Turner, M.A., Vicar of Walberton in Sussex. London, John Dunton, 1697."

call'd Kynaston....At six o'clock in the evening, the earth began to open, and a Hill with a rock under it (making at first a great bellowing noise, which was heard a great way off) lifted itself up to a great height, and began to travel, bearing along with it the Trees that grew upon it, the sheepfolds and Flocks of sheep abiding there at the same time. In the place from whence it was first mov'd it left a gaping distance forty foot broad, and four score ells long; the whole Field was about 20 acres. Passing along, it overthrew a chapel standing in the way, remov'd a yew tree planted in the churchyard from the west into the east with the like force it thrust before it Highways, Sheepfolds, Hedges and Trees, making tilled ground pasture and again turning pastureby no means so well known as it deserves into Tillage. Having walk'd in this sort from to be by all lovers of the curious. It conSaturday in the evening till Monday noon, it then tains a vast number of odd scraps of inforstood still."-Sir R. Baker, Chronicle.' mation. My copy is from the library of the late Rev. W. E. Buckley of Middleton Cheney, who made a few notes in it.

The influence of Baker's Chronicle' in the seventeenth century was very great. Scholars thought little of it then, and they think far less of it now; but the halfeducated country squires of the seventeenth century drew all they knew of history from its pages. It has one claim to distinction in that it gave for the first time the correct date of the poet Gower's death. Thomas Blount and Bishop Nicholson attacked the

"Alluding to a prodigious division of Marcle Hill, in an earthquake of late time, which most of all was in these parts of the island."

I mention this book because I think it is.

1751. In Taylor's map of Herefordshire the spot is named "The Wonder.' 1839. "On visiting the spot I found the phenomena to be similar to inany'écroulemens' of Alpine tracts. Dislocated masses of the Upper Ludlow rock, in all amounting to about 20 acres, still attest the extent of the calamity, by exposing gaping fissures between them. Some of the masses have slid so gradually and equably as to preserve the angle of inclination of 129 or 15° which they had before they broke away from the parent mass, and these have trees and grass growing luxuriantly on their summits. Others have been thrown upon their edges into inclined positions. The broken rocks have advanced, however, but a very short distance upon the ground below them, and the slip is therefore quite insignificant, when compared with the 'écrouleof the Alps, nor is it by any means so striking as the slip of the Palmer's Cairn near Ludlow."-Murchison, Siluria,' pp. 434-5. The above extract is only a portion of the space given to the subject in Murchison's great book. Murchison was the first truly scientific mind which dealt with the phenomenon satisfactorily and finally. The Quarterly Review, July, 1879, p. 185, in one of its valuable articles on the counties of England, says that the landslip was known as "The Wonder," and found its true geological explanation in Murchison's Siluria.'

mens

6

1882. In this year William Henry Cooke, M.A., QC., published a third volume of Duncumb's History of Herefordshire,' and on pp. 33-4 of this volume are given several references from which I have got some clues, &c.

[Luther's] opponents during the Leipzig Dispu-
"The term Lutheran was first used by his
tation in 1519, and afterwards became universally
prevalent.'

Was it used by Henry VIII. in his Assertio
Septem Sacramentorum,' published in 15212
One would expect to find it in the writings
of Dr. Johann Eck, who died in 1543.

6

mor

Miss J. M. Stone cites Johannes Cochlæus (Johann Dobeneck), who died in 1552, in her Reformation and Renaissance, 1377-1610,', at p. 235, as having written in his answer to Luther's pamphlet Wider. die dischen und reubischen Rotten der Bawren': "Our Lutherans have made many laws and ordinances against mendicant friars, poor students, and other beggars and pilgrims, and will not suffer such in their towns, or allow them to ask alms by the wayside." Can any reader supply Cochlæus's actual words and give the name and date of his

tractate ?

example of the English word
The N.E.D.' doubtless gives the earliest
66 Lutheran.
Unfortunately, at present I have no oppor-
tunity of consulting it. It may, however,
not be without general interest to note that
Father Robert Persons, S.J., at p. 608 of 'A
Treatise of Three Conversions of England,'
published in 1603, mentions"
Lutherans
thrice; and that the Rev. Francis Walsing-
ham, the second edition of whose 'A Search
made into Matters of Religion' was pub-
lished in 1615, also mentions them in part i.
chap. i. section xxviii.

1907. "In 1575 there was a great landslip at Much Marcle Hill, commemorated by Camden in prose and Drayton in verse amongst other writers. In its progress it completely buried a small chapel at Kynaston, of which not a vestige was left visible. But a good many years ago the chapel bell was dug up, and it now hangs in the tower "Lutheran of the stable yard at Homme House. [For Its tone is as a substantive, the first. particularly rich and mellow."-W. D. Macray quotation in the N.E.D.' is from Archbishop in Hist. MSS. Comm., Various Collections,' iv. Warham, 1521; and as an adjective from Cromwell, 1530.]

139.

Homme House referred to above is the residence of the Money Kyrle family, the descendants of John Kyrle, "the Man of Ross."

The most recent pronouncement upon the geology of the district is in the "Vietoria County History,' ‚"Herefordshire,' vol. i. For particulars of seventeenth-century books on earthquakes, see Gray's Index to Hazlitt's Collections.' Britton's Beauties' also has a paragraph upon the Marcle Wonder." Strange to relate, the Woolhope Club does not appear to have ever had a paper upon the subject. There must be much local lore other than what I have given. A. L. HUMPHREYS.

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

QUEEN HENRIETTA MARIA'S ALMONER, 1633 (11 S. xi. 47, 93).—The English translation (of which AITCHO makes mention at the latter reference) of Père Cyprien de Gamasche's book was published in London by Henry Colburn in 1848. A French translation, entitled 'Un Capucin à la Cour de Charles Ier,' was published in Paris in 1889. The Latin original was published in Paris in 1659. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

CARDINAL IPPOLITO DEI MEDICI (11 S. ix. 87, 137, 375; xi. 116).—The entries in Marino Sanuto's Diaries' are somewhat numerous, but there will be no difficulty in finding them all, as there is a good index

to each volume of the printed edition. Cf. AUTHORS OF POEMS WANTED (11 S. xi. 89, vol. lvi.,under the months of July to Septem- | 136).—(3). J. G. S. is confusing two different ber, 1532. There are also some meagre poems. The first line of his quotation is a data to be found in La Pomposa Entrata' transposition of the opening of the fourth (1532), Marco Guazzo's Historie' (Venetia, verse of The Memory of the Dead,' by the 1540), Dr. Michele d'Ercole's book (Terlizzi, late Prof. J. K. Ingram, which begins, 1907), and others. L. L. K. Who fears to speak of '98?

"WASTREL "=WASTE LAND (11 S. xi. 109). Quiller-Couch ("Q.") uses the word in connexion with waste land in his Ship of Stars,' 1899. At p. 99 he says: "The chapel stood three-quarters of a mile away, on a turfed wastrel where two roads met and crossed"; and at p. 167, "the high wastrel in front of Tredennis great gates."

ARCHIBALD SPARKE, F.R.S.L.

Latham's 'Dictionary of the English Language,' 1870, gives :

66

Wastrel, s. Waste (as common, or uncultivated, land). Rare. Their works, both stream and load, lie in several or in wastrell, that is, in inclosed grounds or in commons.-Carew, 'Survey of Cornwall.'"

R. A. POTTS.

"LE PETIT ROI DE PÉRONNE " (11 S. xi. 91). I have searched in vain, in many likely sources, for any mention of this sobriquet. If it had been bestowed on Louis XI., as at first sight seemed probable, it could hardly have failed to be mentioned by Philip de Commines in his exhaustive memoirs, or in Jean de Troyes's secret history of that monarch, known as the Scandalous Chronicle." It might assist research if E. H. H. would tell us where allusion is made to the nickname.

WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK.

The other line seems to be a vague recollec-
tion of the concluding stanza of Thomas
Davis's poem "The Battle Eve of the
Brigade':-

For in far foreign fields from Dunkirk to
Belgrade
Lie the soldiers and chiefs of the Irish Brigade.
Both are to be found in almost every Irish
anthology.

EDITOR IRISH BOOK LOVER.'

STARLINGS TAUGHT TO SPEAK (11 S. xi. 68, 114).—I would refer any inquirers on Dr. Norman this subject to the late MacLeod's book 'The Starling'-probably the best thing he ever wrote. The whole story hinges on the fact of the bird being able to speak a few sentences, and the author was not the man to have used such a device unless he knew that starlings could be taught to speak, or rather repeat certain words and phrases.

The book is excellent reading, giving a capital picture of rural life in Scotland in the first half of last century. It is also full of good "broad Scotch "—a thing not easy to find nowadays. T. F. D.

The naturalist Lenz kept one of these birds tame that could whistle two tunes and utter syllables. And we learn from Pepys, 1 March, 1668 :

"To Mrs. Martin's, and here I was mightily taken with a starling which she hath, that was the King's which he kept in his bedchamber, and do whistle and talk the most and best that ever I heard anything in my life."

But I am informed, respecting some of these
birds kept in a cage at the present time, that
the most they can do is to whistle, by which
means they utter or modulate the sounds
as they hear them in their attempts at
mimicry.
TOM JONES.

THE AYRTON LIGHT ON THE CLOCK TOWER AT WESTMINSTER (11 S. xi. 90).— A light was placed on the Clock Tower in 1872, when Mr. Ayrton was First Commissioner of Works, to indicate when the House PERTHES-LES-HURLUS (11 S. xi. 90).was sitting at night, and some of the M.P.'s The name signifies Perthes-near-Hurlus. at that time named it " Ayrton's star." It Les should be spelt lez or lès, an obsolete was, however, only visible from the western word meaning near, by the side of," from part of London, and it was replaced in 1892 the Latin latus. It is now only used in by the present more powerful all-round connexion with place-names, e.g., Plessis-lezlight, which can be seen from all the points Tours. Hurlus is a larger village, about a of vantage where the clock itself is visible. mile S.E. from Perthes. WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK.

C. W. FIREBRACE.

the status of persons or things before the date of the passing of the Act is called retrospective ?

issued "hundreds of years ago.
LEO C. states that similar patents were
been able to cite the modern instances I
I have only
gathered from Mr. Fox-Davies's book. Will
LEO C. kindly tell me and give the
authority-of the earliest instance of this
he knows?
J. S. UDAL, F.S.A.

TICHBORNE STREET (11 S. xi. 67.)-I have now ascertained from the Post Office Directory' that throughout the period from 1845 (when Roger Tichborne came from France to England) till 1853 (when he went to South America), 25, Tichborne Street, was a tavern with the sign of "The Horseshoe," and the landlord's name was Owen Swift. The only mistake which the Claimant's friend Willoughby made about it was that he called the sign "The Horsehoe and Magpie." There were, however, taverns in "TUNDISH = FUNNEL (11 S. xi. 106).— London which had that sign; and therefore I am both surprised and sorry to hear that it is not very surprising that Mr. Willoughby, this word has gone out of use in Nottingyears after he had seen the tavern in Tich-hamshire. It was very common in the south borne Street, imagined that it was one of of the county when I was a boy. "To them. "The Black Horse," which I men- tun," or pour liquids into a cask, is (or was) tioned, was at No. 5. W. A. FROST. in general use: it occurs in Bailey and Walker. In Lincolnshire the usual word REGENT CIRCUS (11 S. x. 313, 373, for "funnel " 431, 475; xi. 14, 51, 98).—I cannot agree way, as a verb, had one very unpleasant is "tunnel." Tun, by the with MR. TOM JONES that the map in the Post Office Directory for 1865 use in my boyhood. If we refused medicine, our elders and betters would "tun" it into dicates that Coventry Street began at the north-east corner of Lower Regent Street. On the contrary, it shows that it only began -as it does now-at the north-east corner of the Haymarket. It is true that the word Piccadilly is not printed on the small space between the Circus and the Haymarket, but that is evidently because there was not room, especially as the word Circus spreads into it. But if the map left the matter in any doubt, the Street Directory in the same volume makes it perfectly clear that the houses between Regent Circus and the Haymarket formed part of Piccadilly. I may say that in my youth I was acquainted with the tenant of one of these houses, and the Directory shows that his house was 228, Piccadilly. W. A. FROST.

in

RETROSPECTIVE HERALDRY (11 S. xi. 28, 77)." Quot homines tot sententiæ. For my part, I thought the title of G. J.'s

66

us, i.e., hold our noses so that we were forced

to swallow it.

C. C. B.

"Tunmill" used to be the word for "funnel" in Cumberland when I was a boy, but I am not sufficiently in touch with persons speaking the dialect to know whether it is in use now.

DIEGO.

"Tundish was the common name for a funnel in North Staffordshire thirty years It is to be ago, and no doubt is still used. found in 'Cassell's Encyclopædic Dictionary,' 1888; and Mr. C. T. Onions, in his 'Shakespeare Glossary,' says that it is still the ordinary word in Warwickshire.

R. NICHOLLS.

About here "tundish" is still the common name for a funnel. An elderly Lancashire working-man of my acquaintance said he always called them, whether big or little, had never heard the word "funnel"; they wooden or metal, tundishes. Twentieth Century Dictionary' has arms dish, a wooden funnel." W. H. PINCHBECK.

article at the earlier reference rather a
happy one. I cannot admit the criticism
of LEO C. (p. 78) that, because
are not granted to dead men (which
I do admit), therefore it is incorrect to
call the operation by which after their
death practically that effect can be given
"retrospective." If a grant can be made
to a man "and to the other descendants
of his grandfather" (according to some
of the instances I gave, p. 78), surely the
brothers of the grantee must make their
claim through their dead father. Is not this
"retrospective heraldry every bit as much
as the operative effect of a statute affecting

Bury, Lancs.

'Chambers's

66 Tun

This word is duly recorded by Wright. I have frequently seen the utensil in evidence on brewing days in both my grandfather's and father's time at the Northamptonshire home of my boyhood. This old farm-house and its outbuildings (in which the brew-house is included) are now in course of demolition.

JOHN T. PAGE.