Baily (Edwin), 128, Dyer Street, 1853-75. Baily & Sons, 128, Dyer Street, 1875-8.Edwin Baily on 1 July, 1875, took his sons T. Canning and William Albert into partnership. Baily & Son, 128, Dyer Street, 1878-94.Edwin Baily and his son William Albert. The father died in October, 1878. Baily & Woods, 128, Dyer Street, 1894.William A. Baily and Frederick W. Woods. Mr. Baily died in November, 1907, Mr. Woods continuing the business. Chavasse (Henry) [133], Dyer Street, 1802-28. Chavasse (Joseph), Dyer Street and Market Place, 1828-33. Smith (Henry) [133], Dyer Street, opposite Market House, 1834-92.-Mr. Smith left Dyer Street about 1864, and continued his business in Lewis Lane. He died 11 Jan., 1892, in his 83rd year. Harmer (Alfred), 133, Dyer Street, 18641904. Died 9 Oct., 1904. His widow continues the business. Pierce, 1806 (20 Nov.).-Election bill. Porter (T. S.), opposite "The Swan Inn," 1815-18, Brown (J. T.), Castle Street, 1820. Hawkins (Mr.), 1829. Fowler (William), Cricklade Street, 1830-32. White (William), 1838. Bretherton (Daniel), Dyer Street, 1842-8.Printer and proprietor of The Wills and Gloucestershire Standard. The Baily & Jones, Dyer Street, 1846-53.-Baily & Jones founded The Cirencester and Swindon Express and North Wiltshire and Cotswold Advertiser. Vol. I. No. 1, 24 May, 1851 (Thomas Philip Baily and George Jones). Wills and Gloucestershire Standard was founded on 28 Jan., 1837, at Malmesbury, by Mr. Joseph Neeld, and was absorbed by the above, and the two incorporated as a new paper, 31 July, 1852. Printers and proprietors of Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard and Cirencester and Swindon Express. Baily & Jones last imprint, 20 Aug., 1853 [see above under Baily]. Jones (George), Dyer Street, 1846-75, and 4. Chesterton Terrace.-Printer and editor of Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard, 27 August, 1853, to 10 July, 1869. He was drowned at Cirencester, January, 1875. Harmer (George Henry), Dyer Street and Lewis Lane, 1851-1911.-Printer and editor of Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard, 17 July, 1869, to January, 1911. Mr. Harmer died 16 Jan., 1911, having completed his S0th year. His father, Peter Ellis Harmer, a printer, died 12 Dec., 1870. Mr. W. Scotford Harmer is the present editor. Keyworth (H. G.), Dollarward, 1848-52; 127, Dyer Street, 1852-75.-Founded The Cirencester Times in 1856, which he continued until 2 Oct., 1875, when he sold it to the North Wilts Herald Co. Keyworth & Everard, 1875-82.-Keyworth took Edward Everard from Baily's into partner ship. Everard married the sister of Sir George Baily & Son Baily & Woods Bretherton (Daniel) Fowler (William) Hinton (Thomas) Keyworth (H. G.) 1853-78 1875-8 1831-53 1875-1907 1846-53 1875-8 1878-94 1894 1723-42 1742-57 1723 1680-1713 1835 1842-8 Savory (Charles Henry) .. Savory & Coles Smith (Henry) 1806 1815-18 1749-1801 1853-83 1883-1905. 1895-1905 1834-92 In concluding, I wish to point out difficulties I have had to contend with. Some of the places named on imprints have not yet been located; for instance, no one knows the situation of Pye Corner. Then the incompleteness of my knowledge hinders me from linking up some of the businesses, and the lack of dates from completing others. Again, some men of the same name may be of a different family, and have been separated where they should be joined together. Take the case of the Stevenses-there are three or four of the same name. Timothy Stevens, senior, died 3 April, 1744, aged 64. A Timothy Stevens died 27 April, 1774, aged 29. Timothy Stevens, senior, was parish clerk in 1776-1816, and Timothy Stevens, junior, also held that office 1816 to 1839. Then there was a W. Stevens, junior, and Stevens & Watkins. A volume of "Six Sermons on some of the Most important Doctrines of Christianity: To which are added Five Sermons, on occasional Subjects | By Rev. A. Freston, A.M. Rector of Edgeworth,' was printed by P. Watkins for Cadell & Davies, Strand, London, and sold by Stevens & Watkins, Cirencester, 1809. The Chavasse succession is not quite clear; and whether James Turner was a connexion of Joseph Turner is not known. The Smiths are a very old Cirencester family, and Henry Smith was related to John, and both were connected with chemistry, while Henry Smith was brother of Dr. John Smith and Messrs. Daniel & Charles Smith, chemists. Whatever deficiency this paper may have, I hope it will form the basis for further research, and result in additions and corrections being made until the list reaches completeness. In conclusion, I wish to thank most heartily my friend MR. ROLAND AUSTIN for his kind help and enthusiasm in supporting my undertaking. He has supplied much information which otherwise would have escaped my notice. Cirencester. HERBERT E. NORRIS. THE HUNAS OF WIDSITH.' “......in Germania pluribus nouerat (Ecgberctus) esse nationes, a quibus Angli uel Saxones, qui nunc Brittanian incolunt, genus et originem duxissenoscuntur; unde hactenus a uicina gente Brettonum corrupte Garmani nuncupantur. Sunt autem. Fresones, Rugini, Danai, Hunni, Antiqui Saxones, Boructuari; sunt alii perplures hisdem in partibus populi paganis adhuc ritibus seruientes ad quos uenire præfati Christi miles disposuit.”—Bedæ 'H.E.,' V. ix. p. 296. MR. R. W. CHAMBERS does not quote the Venerable Bede with respect to the Hunni at any point of his thesis; neither do any of the German scholars whose multitudinous works upon Widsith' are cited by him: v. pp. 44-63. One result of the ignorance of Bede shown by the critics is the absence of any misgivings about the correctness of their assumption that Widsith introduced the names of non-Germanic folks and their rulers into his Catalogue of Kings. Widsith's half-line "Etla weold Hunum conse-quently appears to them to be as clear in meaning as one could possibly wish. So, too, to others do the respective meanings of Hammersmith, Inkpen, Roth's-child,. pennywinkle, macaroon, &c. The course of assumption is this: Widsith admitted nonGermanic names of tribes into the third section of his poem; therefore he admitted such in the second section. The only Huns the critics knew were Mongolian; therefore Widsith's Huns also were Mongols. That being admitted, the ruler of the Hūnas of 'Widsith' can be no other than the ruler of the Mongolian Huns, viz., Attila. when we know what Bede has to say about the Germanic tribes of his own time, and when we find that one of those tribes was called Hunni, we become quite unable to admit the truth of the proposition which is taken for granted by the German school of critics of Widsith.' But This note is intended to make three points quite clear: (1) the assumption that Widsith introduced the names of nonGermanic kings and tribes into his Catalogue is without foundation; (2) the Hunni of Bede were the Hūnas of Widsith'; and (3) the Hūnas were German Huns and not Mongolian, and Ætla was not Attila in either name or person. The Venerable Bede teaches us that in his time (A.D. 731) there were tribes in Germany whose ancestors had taken part in the conquest of Britannia. The Fresones, Rugini, Danai, Hunni, Antiqui Saxones, are respectively the Fresenacynn, the Rugas, the Sup-Denas, the Hūnas, and the Gōtas of 6 'Widsith.' Moreover, in A.D. 689, when is called "hinn hûnski," the Hūnish; cp. Egbert was planning to preach the Gospel The Story of the Volsungs and Niblungs,' to them, these Hūnas would appear to have by Eiríkr Magnússon and William Morris, been seated to the north of the Old Saxons, 1880, pp. 118, 183, 185. In the Lay of or Gōtas of Westphalia, who were the most Oddrun in the Edda-the Oddrunargrâtr,' southerly of the tribes named by Bede, and Heidrek is called king of Hunaland in 1. 4, who had the Boruct waras on their west. In and in 1. 1 that country is called "Mornalines 18 and 57 Widsith names Hūnas and land." Morna is a genitive plural, and it Gōtas, and Hūnas and Hrēp-Gōtas, in that equates *Mornorum. That form I do not order. Similarly Bede names the Hunni hesitate to expand to Morinorum.* This next before he names the Antiqui Saxones. equation and expansion call us once again to In two passages Widsith commences his the seventh-century tract the Origo Gentis enumeration with the Hūnas. Now why Langobardorum,' which reminds us that is that the case? And why, in a third the countries through which the Lombards passage (II. 120-22), do we again find the passed on their way from the island of folk of Ætla and the Hræðas (= Angl. Hrēpas) | Scandinavia to Italy lie along the Rhine of Eormenric mentioned together? from its mouth to Basle and on to Geneva. These countries, as I have already shown, are Maúringā, Anþáib, Báináib, and Burgundáib. The possibility that there was a Germanic tribe of Hunni has been considered in a casual sort of way, in connexion with Hun of the Hætwaras, by students of Widsith': cp. Mr. Chambers's remarks, pp. 201, 202, where it is pointed out that the Germanic name of "Huni" is not connected with the Mongolian one, and that it is found as an element in Germanic names before the arrival of the Mongolian Huns in Europe. Wilhelm Grimm commented upon a supposed confusion in the Norse Sagas between Huns and Germans. He tells us in his 'Die Deutsche Heldensage,' 1829, S. 6, that "in einigen der angegebenen Fälle wird hunisch sichtbar in allgemeinem Sinne für deutsch gebraucht," i.e., in some of the citations he had made from Old Norse sagas "Hunish" was clearly used in a general way for Diutisc, or (High) Dutch. It should be obvious from this that Widsith, after mentioning Wāla the Wisigoth, who, as Schütte's Law requires, was the prince of greatest historical importance, proceeded to the mouth of the Rhine, or rather to the west of that, and mentioned the Hūnas of Mornaland, the terra Morinorum ;† that he then spoke of the Gōtas or Antiqui Saxones and Eormenric, whose "wide kingdom" lay to the west of Angeln and the Elbe; that he then ascended to Geneva and named the Bāningas of 66 Báináib after that he traversed Burgundáib 66 Geoffrey of Monmouth tells us in his Historia "Regum Britanniæ.' V. xv., that Guanias, King of the Huns, and Melga, King of the Picts, wrought great destruction in the Germanias and upon the Britannia, laid it waste, and oppressed it until sea-coast of the Gauls; and that they then invaded they were defeated by Gratian Municeps. In the Volsunga Saga we read of "Hunaland"; and Herborg, one of the ladies who tried to comfort Gudrun after the murder of Sigurd, was queen of " Hunaland." The meaning of "Huna " is, of course, Chun * norum. Hunaland is the same as the Hiunenlant of Biterolf.' Sigurd himself The correct representative in Latin of the Germanic spiritus asper is Ch: cp. Chauci: Haucas; Chatti: Hat(-waras); Gundi-charius: Gundi-hari; also the following lines from Sidonius Apollinaris (c. 456), 'Carmen VII.': Barbaries totas in te transfuderat Arctos, The Hunas of Mornaland (cp. infra) might have The late-eleventh-century interpolator of MS. A of the Saxon Chronicle knew the poem of Widsith'; v. annal 443 (=446), where he speaks of "Etla Huna cyning," meaning Attila () *Ættila) "Etila," the name of a moneyer temp. Edward the Elder). This Gratian ruled in the Britannias during four months in A.D. 407. The Huns of Guanius were Hūnas of Mornaland, i.e., terra Morinorum, and the Picts" of Melga were not Piccardach from beyond the Forth, but men of Picardy. (For "Piccard1904, p. 241.) ach" see Sir John Rhys's 'Celtic Britain,' † In Widsith,' 1. 84, we get: "Mid Moidum ic was ond mid Persum ond mid Myrgingum." 66 The scribe whose work is copied into the Exeter MS. supposed the Perse to be Persians, and misread *Mornum as Mordum, which he corrected to Moidum," intending to denote the Medes thereby. (Cp. for n/d confusion 1. 85, "ongend " [with en: ea] for ongean.) The Perse are the Parisii, and the Morne the Morini. For Perse, gen. Persa, cp. Saxon Chronicle, A.D. 660, Egelbryht onfeng Persa biscepdomes on Galwalum bi Signe," ... Agilbert received the bishopric of the Parisii ()* Pærisi) O.E. Perse) in Galwal - land on the Seine-Signe (*Segna (Sequăna. Critics of Widsith' were unaware of the occurrence of "Persa" (=Parisiorum) in the Chronicle until recently. 66 towards the Rhine again and named the marble. The pediment is richly moulded, Creacas, whose country I have identified and in the centre is carved a martyr's with Anpáib." This folk was so placed crown. Beneath the pediment the borough on the eastern side of the Rhine that their arms, heraldically coloured, divide the objective in invasion was the state of the motto "No cross, no crown.' The work Treveri, and their northern neighbours were was executed by Messrs. L. J. Watts. The the Gōtas, who were governed by a descend-inscriptions are as follows :ant of the eponymus of the country called "Anþáib," sc. Eormenric. The historic Attila was brother of Bleda, son of Mundzouk, nephew of Rugilas, and successor, at three or four removes, of Balamber. There is no room for doubt as to the origin of such names; they cannot be Germanic. His The Ætla of Widsith,' who weold Hunum,' was son of Budli, the Buthlus of Saxo. His sisters were named Brynhild and Beckhild. The former married Gunnar (=Guðhere of 'Widsith' and Gunpihari of early writers). The latter married Heimir =Hāma, and had a son Alsvid=Elswið. Budli was Jarmeric's uncle, moreover. name recalls the Frankish name of Bodilo and the name of the Hampshire hundred of Buddlesgate. Its Middle High German form is Potel-: cp. "Potelung," the name of the " Meister of Wolfdieterich in the Saga of that name. In Saxo Buthlus has a daughter named Hilda who marries a Hun named Helgo. By him she has a son Hildebrand, in Hunnia educatus," who "copiis regis Hunniæ præerat." This warrior was slain by his half-brother Asmund near the Rhine. There is nothing in the story of the family connexions of Attle which casts the slightest doubt upon the certain belief that he was of Germanic race. ALFRED ANSCOMBE. STATUES AND MEMORIALS IN THE BRITISH ISLES. (See 10 S. xi. 441; xii. 51, 114, 181, 401; 11 S. i. 282; ii. 42, 381; iii. 22, 222, 421; iv. 181, 361; v. 62, 143, 481; vi. 4, 284, 343; vii. 64, 144, 175, 263, 343, 442; viii. 4, 82, 183, 285, 382, 444; ix. 65, 164, 384, 464; x. 103, 226, 303, 405; xi. 24.) ESSEX MARTYRS. Colchester.-In 1902 a marble monument designed by Mr. John Belcher, A.R.A., was erected on the main staircase of the Town Hall, near the entrance door of the Moot Hall. The donor was Mr. S. F. Hurnard, J.P., of Hill House, Lexden. The framework of the memorial is of choice mottled marble, the inscriptions being recorded in lead lettering on panels of pure white The Colchester Martyrs. 1428 William Chivelyng, tailor, burned. John Camper, or one of his two companions, 1546 1555 executed. John Lawrence, formerly a Black Friar, burned. Nicholas Chamberlayne, burned. Simon Joyne, sawyer, burned. John Hammond, tanner, burned. John Thurston, died a prisoner in the Castle. William Bongeor, glazier, burned. William Purchas, burned. Thomas Benold, tallow-chandler, burned. Elizabeth Foulkes, burned. Helen Ewing, burned. William Munt, burned. Margaret Thurston, burned. Agnes Bongeor, burned. William Harris, burned. Richard Day, burned. Christiana George, burned in the Castle Yard. 1656 James Parnell, died a prisoner in the Castle. 1664 Edward Graunt, beaten by soldiers: died from wounds. This Tablet is placed by to commemorate the men and women But the souls of the righteous are in the hand of And there shall no torment touch them. In the sight of the unwise they seemed to die, For though they be punished in the sight of men, Wisdom of Solomon, 5 chap. Another memorial was erected by public subscription in St. Peter's Church in 1843. It is placed in the centre of the south wall of the chancel, and consists of a white marble tablet surmounted by an open Bible and crown flanked with palm branches. At the John Thurston and others The noble army of Martyrs praise Thee. [Below inscription in front] Thy Word is truth. who died in Colchester Castle and other prisons in See 10 S. xi. 65. this Town, being "Constant Confessors of Jesus Christ." They loved not their lives unto the death." Rev. vi. 9-11. Rev. iii. 11. KENTISH MARTYRS. Canterbury. This memorial is placed upon a rock base, and consists of a pedestal and obelisk rising to a height of 13 ft., surmounted by a reproduction of the ancient Canterbury Cross. It was unveiled by Lord George Hamilton on 10 June, 1899. On the pedestal are recorded the names of the martyrs and the following inscriptions: In Memory of Forty-one Kentish Martyrs MARGERY POLLEY. Pembury, Kent.-A memorial fountain which had been erected here was formally dedicated on 24 July, 1909. It is placed on the green opposite the Camden Hotel. It consists of a drinking-trough for horses and cattle, with a smaller one for dogs, and a drinking-fountain for travellers at one end. It was erected by voluntary subscriptions at a cost of nearly 50%. Mrs. Betts and Mrs. H. Jennings were the originators of the scheme. The inscription is as follows: To the memory of Margery Polley of Pembury who suffered martyrdom at Tonbridge A.D. 1555. | Erected by voluntary contributions. JOHN T. PAGE. Long Itchington, Warwickshire. (To be continued.) 'THE DRAMATIST; OR, MEMOIRS OF THE STAGE,' &c.-Reference has been made in 'N. & Q.' (see 10 S. v. 377) to this small book by Ann Catherine Holbrook, nće Jackson. It has recently been my good fortune to pick up a copy which presents a graphic picture of Thespian customs of the |