66 6 According to John Foster Kirk's 'Supple- the establishment of the first English chapel ment to Allibone's Critical Dictionary,' in Paris. He married, on 31 Dec., 1801, Mary, eldest daughter and coheiress of the Rev. Herman Drewe. He died at Barford. near Leamington, 23 Jan., 1840. He was the author of the following works: (a) Thoughts on the Scriptural Expectations of the Christian Church' (Gloucester, 1823, 8vo); (b) Palingenesia, the World to Come (London, Martin Bossage, 1824, 8vo). Mr. Albert Way, F.S.A. (founder of the Royal Archæological Institute), was his only son. Jacob Larwood" is a pseudonym for L. R. Sadler, author of 'The Book of Clerical Anecdote,' The Story of the London Parks,' 'Theatrical Anecdotes,' and 'Forensic Anecdotes.' According to the Dictionary, he was author, "with John Camden Hotten," of 'The History of SignBoards.' This joint authorship is announced on the title-page of the 6th ed.; also in an advertisement of the 4th ed., in Hotten's List for 1873, at the end of 'Clubs and Club Life in London.' But in Hotten's Catalogue, at the end of my copy of Artemus Ward (his Travels) among the Mormons,' 1865, one of the announcements of New and Interesting Books is' "The History of Signboards from the Earliest Times to the Present Day......By Jacob Larwood assisted by another Old Hand." Although this announcement is in a book dated 1865, The History of Signboards' appears to have been first published in 1866. See Preliminary' in 'Clubs and Club Life in London,' by John Timbs, where, under date 7 Nov., 1872, it is stated: "Six years ago the publisher [i.e., Hotten] of the present work issued a History of Signboards.' In this latter book the "one hundred illustrations in fac-simile " are, according to the title-page of the 6th ed., by "J. Larwood." Taking the Air; or, the Story of our London Parks,' by Jacob Larwood, is announced as a 'New Book on the London Parks,' price 188., in two volumes, in Hotten's List for 1870, at the end of my copy of Hotten's reprint of Tom & Jerry -Life in London.' Lewis Way once resided at Stanstead Park, Sussex. He inherited a large fortune from a namesake who was not a relative. I have an impression that he took into his house at one time a colony of Jews to convert them, but that they "lifted" his silver spoons, and thus gave rise to some poetry which I cannot remember. T. CANN HUGHES, M.A., F.S.A. Lancaster. THOMAS BRADBURY, LORD MAYOR (11 S. x. 490; xi. 52).-It may be interesting to give the will of the sister who was married to John Josselyn. She is in the direct line of the Jocelyns, and the will is likely to have been overlooked, as it appears under the name of "Phillip Josselyn " of High Rodyng, Essex, widow, 15 Oct., 1530 (Commissary of London, Essex, and Herts). She directs that she is to be buried in the pryorie of Kynge Hatfeld," by her husband John Josselyn, and leaves 20d. to the high altar of High Roding. Sundry rich plate to Anne her daughter and her daughter Wentworth. Also to Mary Josselyn. To Thomas J. my son. To Peter, Henry, and Clare, my son Wentworth's children, "3 gobletts playne all gylte with the covers to the same gobletts belonging." To John, Richard, and Thomas Josselyn, "gobletts. Some honest priest to synge masses priory for 12 months for my brother Henrye Bradburye of London. To Leonard Josselyn. To Anne and Johanne Wentworth, gowns. Do. to my daughter-in-law Dorathe Josselyn. Do. to my cousin Elizabeth, late Rauffe Josselyn's wife. To my cousin Annes, John Wyseman's wife. Lease of farm to John Wyseman. To William Bradbury, the younger son to my cousin William Bradburye the elder, 107. To my cousin Humfrey Fitzherbert and his wife a gown. To my ladye Gate do. Executors, son-inlaw Nycholas Wentworth and son Thomas Josselyn and John Wyseman. Witnesses, two priests and others. 66 at It is probable from this that the Henry in Thomas Bradbury's will was his own brother, and not his wife's as stated at the second reference. Philippa's son Thomas was afterwards knighted; he married Dorothy, the daughter of Sir Geoffrey Gate, and sister of Sir John Gate, who was beheaded for his support of Lady Jane Grey. The Wisemans of Much Canfield were a notable family; and the Wentworths, who held Gosfield Hall, were ennobled. Clutterbuck (Hist. of Herts') says that Philippa was a daughter of William Bradbury of Littlebury, near Walden in Essex, and further particulars of the family can be found in the county histories of Herts and Essex. I am not quite sure, without reference, if the Jocelyn peerage (Earldom of Roden) is in this line or her cousin Ralph's. The Bradburys were goldsmiths, which accounts for the profusion of fine plate mentioned in the will. It is worth publishing in detail, as an example of what some house holds owned at that time. Sir Ralph Josselyn, twice Lord Mayor of London, was, I think, the immediate predecessor of Thomas Bradbury. He restored the fortunes of the family, which is said to date from the Conquest. I shall be glad if any one can give me the information about some other Josselyns of this period, which I am asking for in a separate note. RALPH NEVILL, F.S.A. Castle Hill, Guildford. OUR NATIONAL ANTHEM (11 S. xi. 68).—I have no wish to reopen the well-worn discussion of the authorship of the air of God save the King.' The subject has been debated times without number in the past fifty years, and the fullest history is to be found in a series of articles by Dr. Wm. H. Cummings, formerly Principal of the Guildhall School of Music, which appeared in The Musical Times from March to August, 1878. His researches left him confident that Dr. John Bull was the author of the air. On the other hand, Dr. Fink, who years ago edited The Leipsic Musical Gazette, also a musical antiquary of deep research, was equally positive that Dr. Henry Carey composed the tune in honour of the birthday of George II. Mr. Chappell, in his 'Collection of National Airs,' also unhesitatingly attributed the authorship to Henry Carey. In N. & Q.,' 2 S. x. 301, there is a letter from Düsseldorf bearing the signature of FRANCIS DICKINS, Associate and Hon. Member of the Società della Santa Cecilia in Rome, in which the writer says, referring to Henry Carey (who was born in 1696, and committed suicide in 1744) :— "There is not the slightest doubt of the fact that he was the composer and poet of God save the King, the national anthem not only of England, but of Prussia and all the rest of the German States, which borrowed this mighty melody from us." He scorned the idea of Dr. John Bull, who was born in 1563, being the author. MR. HARRISON will find several interesting letters about the adoption of the English air, not only by all the German States, but also by Denmark, Switzerland, and Russia, at 8 S. x. 438 and xi. 10 and 11, which, I think, will supply all the information he requires, if not more. In a lecture delivered by Dr. Cummings at the Royal Institution in 1902, after demolishing the claims of Carey, Ravenscroft, Forbes, Lulli, Purcell, and Handel to the authorship of the tune, which he unhesitatingly ascribed to John Bull, he added that, as a matter of fact, it was a variation of the old dance form known as the Galliard, which was made up of two bar groups of triple time, with two parts of six and eight bars respectively. In the same year a very interesting little book on the origin and history of the music and words of God save the King' was compiled by Dr. Cummings and published by Novellos. In it he states that It "the German form to the words 'Heil Dir im Siegerkranz' was written by Balthasar Gerhard Schumacher, and was first published in the Spenersche Zeitung in Berlin, December 17, 1793. It was afterwards adopted as a national song by Prussia, Saxony, and other German States. in 1791, for in May of that year was published must, however, have been familiar to German folk Four-and-Twenty Variations for the Clavichord or Fortepiano on the English People's-Song “God save the King." In the appendix to his book Dr. Cummings prints the music of the air as copied from Dr. Bull's MS., but I am bound to state that it appears to me to bear but little resemblance to the tune of our National Anthem as played to-day. WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK. Julian's Dictionary of Hymnology' says that the melody of God save the King became known on the Continent about 1766. It was set in Denmark as a national air to the words" Heil Dir, dem liebenden," a song in eight stanzas, written for the birthday of Christian VII. (a brother-in-law to George III. of England), and published in 1790. Passing SOURCE OF QUOTATION WANTED (11 S. xi. 69).-The "immortal story referred to is Irene Iddesleigh,' by Mrs. Amanda M'Kittrick Ros, which appeared in 1897 (privately printed by Baird, Belfast). Nothing in the least like this romance has ever been written -or at least printed-in the annals of Barry Pain reviewed it in Black Dr. W. H. Cummings published six articles on the subject in The Musical Times, 1878, which were issued in book-literature. form under the title of God save the King, the Origin and History of the Music and Words of the National Anthem,' Novello, 1902. Grove's Dictionary of Music' and Chappell's Popular Music' should also be consulted. ARCHIBALD SPARKE, F.R.S.L. "GAZING-ROOM 66 9966 (11 S. xi. 26). This fairly frequent architectural feature is represented in both the Historical English Dictionary' and in the Century' by the word "gazebo," with alternative spellings "gazeboo,’ gazeebo," 'gazabo." The earliest illustrative quotation given by Sir James Murray is from Halfpenny's New Designs for Chinese Temples,' 1752. I have seen many gazebos, some included in large houses, and some built more as summer-houses and standing apart. I recall one of the latter in the village of Nether Stowey, where Coleridge lived. There are many of them scattered about the country. A. L. HUMPHREYS. 187, Piccadilly, W. 66 and White of 19 Feb., 1898, and was severely so-called Barry taken to task (as the Pain ") by the authoress in the Preface to her next book, Delina Delaney,' an almost equally astonishing production. Fort Augustus. D. O. HUNTER-BLAIR. STARLINGS TAUGHT TO SPEAK (11 S. xi. 68). -I can answer this question in the affirmative. which could speak, and although its vocabuA nephew of mine had a starling lary was not extensive, its articulation was very distinct. It could say "Poor Joey," Pretty Joey," and "Pretty little Joey," used to be an absurd belief in Sussex that in so that any one could understand it. There order to make the teaching of a starling to speak an easy task its tongue should be split. I need not say that no such barbarity was inflicted upon Joey. 66 H. A. C. SAUNDERS. Let us not forget this classic example :"I was interrupted in the hey-day of this soliloquy, with a voice which I took to be that of a child, which complained it could not get out. I looked up and down the passage, and seeing neither man, woman, nor child, I went out without further attention. In my return back through the passage, I heard the same words repeated twice over, and, looking up, I saw it was a starling, hung in a little cage. I can't get out, I can't get out,' said the starling. "I stood looking at the bird, and to every person that came through the passage it ran fluttering to the side towards which they approached it, with the same lamentation of its captivity. I can't get out,' said the starling: 'God help thee!' said I, but I'll help thee out, cost what it will'; so I turned about the cage to get to the door; it was twisted and double twisted so fast with wire there was no getting it open without pulling the cage to pieces. I took both hands to it. The bird flew to the place where I was attempting his deliverance, and, thrusting his head through the trellis, pressed his I fear, poor breast against it as if impatient. creature, said I, I cannot set thee at liberty. 'No,' said the starling, 'I can't get out; I can't get out.' -A Sentimental Journey' (“The Hotel at Paris"). In Book X. chap. 1. of his 'Natural History,' Pliny jots : "At the moment that I am writing this, the young Cæsars have a starling and some nightingales that are being taught to talk Greek and Latin." ST. SWITHIN. NAMES ON COFFINS (11 S. xi. 29, 76, 92).– On 17 March, 1894, I visited the Lucas vault beneath the east end of St. Giles's Church, Colchester. Access was gained by a door in the wall on the north side of the sanctuary. From two enormous coffins I copied the following inscriptions. 1. This coffin is of wood, to which is affixed a brass plate with these words :This coffin encloses the body of the Right Honble the Lady Anne Lvcas who dyed on the 22th day of Avgvst in the Yeare 1660. 2. This coffin is of lead, to which is attached (by solder at the four corners) a square brass plate bearing the following : Memoriæ Sacrum Noblissimi Dni Johannis Dni Lvcas Baronis de Shenfield Qvi Obijt 2 die Julii 1671 Etatis Svæ 65. John, Lord Lucas was the elder brother of Sir Charles Lucas, who, with Sir George Lisle, was shot by order of Fairfax after the capitulation of Colchester on 28 August, 1648. (See 11 S. vi. 284.) St. Giles's Church, I believe, underwent a restoration in 1907. JOHN T. PAGE. Long Itchington, Warwickshire. MARSACK (11 S. ix. 30; x. 11).—In a Becher pedigree Major Marsack of Caversham is described as a natural son of King George II. He married Charlotte Becher (born 2 Aug., 1767), daughter of Richard Becher of Calcutta by his second wife, Ann Hasleby. Col. Marsack died 26 Jan., 1837. He had children: 1. Charlotte; 2. Henry; 3. George; 4. Caroline; ward; 7. Ellen. in Burghfield, and of copyholds in Hampstead. co. Middlesex. His personal estate was worth 75,000.Richard Henry Marsack. Real estate was worth 76,000l. Letters of administration were granted to 107,000l. Former bill in 1823 by Richard Henry Marsack against Charlotte Marsack. Accounts and final agreement to be referred to the complainant Richard Becher. Richard Henry Marsack, sworn at his house, Rue du Bras d'Or, Boulogne-sur-Mer, 21 Nov., 1829. The answer of Janette Marsack (aged 8), Henry Charles Marsack (aged 7), and Croft Augustus Marsack (aged 4), by Richard Henry Marsack their father. They leave all matters in question to the Court. LEO C. EDWARD GIBBON WAKEFIELD (11 S. xi. 68). The following entry is from the Marriage Register of St. George's, Hanover Square: 1816, 16 Aug. "Edward Gibbon Wakefield, Esq., a minor, and Eliza Anne Wakefield, formerly Pattle, a minor. Licence the parties having been heretofore married to each other in Scotland. With the consent of his father, Edward Wakefield, Esq., and also of her mother, Eliza Pattle, widow." In the query the bride's name appears as Eliza Susan Pattle. In the London Directory of 1808 appears the name Edward Wakefield, merchant, of Castle Court, Birchin LEO C. Lane. APOLLO OF THE DOORS (11 S. xi. 69).— Tertullian, 'De Idololatria,' 15, speaks of and 5. Louisa; 6. Ed- Apollo Ovpaîos the "Antelii dæ The particulars of a Chancery suit may interest the inquirer : Becher v. Marsack. 12 March, 1830. The answer of Richard Henry Marsack and Jane his wife, two defendants, to complaint of Richard Becher, Philip Browne, Edward Hunter, Charlotte Marsack, George Heartwell Marsack, Charlotte Grosvenor, widow, Thomas Frederick Sowdon and Caroline his wife, Francis Upjohn, William Stephens, Louisa Marsack, David Brown and Eleanor his wife. Indenture made 4 Jan., 1820. Marriage 5 Jan, 1820. Charles Marsack, the father, died intestate as to his real estate, and left Charlotte his widow, this defendant his eldest son, and the complainants George Heartwell, Edward Claude, Charlotte (wife of John Grosvenor), Caroline (wife of Thomas Fredk. Sowdon), Louisa Marsack, and Eleanor (now wife of David Brown), his only children and next of kin. Charles Marsack was seised of the Manor of Caversham and of Kirtons mones as guardians of the house-door among the Greeks; and Macrobius, 'Saturnalia,' I. ix. 6, says that, according to Nigidius, apud Græcos Apollo colitur qui Ovpaîos vocatur, eiusque aras ante fores suas celebrant, ipsum exitus et introitus demonstrantes poten. tem: idem Apollo apud illos et 'Ayvius nuncupatur, quasi viis præpositus urbanis: illi enim vias, quæ intra pomeria sunt, dyviàs appellant." It certainly seems reasonable to suppose Apollo Ovpaîos to be the same as the Apollo Agyieus whose rough statue or symbolical cone-shaped pillar stood before the house-door (see the Scholium on Aristophanes, Clouds,' 875). The late Prof. Furtwängler, in his article in Roscher's Apollon in der Kunst Lexicon,' points out that these pillars or on obelisks frequently appear on coins. The EDWARD BENSLY. Seyffert's 'Dictionary of Classical Antiquities' gives the following :— In many places, but above all at Athens, he [Apollo] was worshipped as Aggieus, the god of streets and highways, whose rude symbol, a conical post with a pointed ending, stood by street doors and in courtyards, to watch men's exit and entrance, to let in good and keep out evil." ARCHIBALD SPARKE, F.R.S.L. time, successfully reaching Dunkirk after 66 TAILOR'S HELL (11 S. x. 264, 334).—I think the word hell' was applied to a large box concealed under the spacious board on which tailors used to sit at their work. Under French influence, Lacurne de Ste. Palaye, whose Glossary was compiled in the seventeenth century, gives the following explanation under the word 'Eil,' No. 8 :— "Eil de tailleur, grand coffre; de là leur vient leur façon de parler quand on leur demande le reste de l'étoffe, qu'il n'en reste pas ce qui tiendrait dans l'oeil.-Oudin, Cur. Fr.'" A Tailor's œil, a large box; whence is drawn their expression, when they are requested to produce the remainder of the cloth, that what is left could just fill up the oil.-Oudin, ' Curiosités Françaises.' Oudin's Glossary generally refers to sixtenth-century phrases. Unfortunately, the present circumstances do not allow me to look for instances in the works of that period, all valuable books being stowed away on account of the War. However, in Abbé de 'Dictionnaire Sauvage's Languedocien " (1820) the word carieiro is given as the equivalent of oil de tailleur with a similar explanation. LORD: USE OF THE TITLE WITHOUT TERRITORIAL ADDITION (11 S. x. 448, 498; xi. 58).—MR. FOSTER PALMER has cited anduced this phrase, many of them residing in It is possible that French tailors introexception to what, I think, may be regarded London in the sixteenth century. I should as the right practice; but I may point out like to know what is the earliest instance of that, in the case of the earldoms of Cadogan the word "hell." The pronunciation of the and Beauchamp, promotion has taken place French word being ull, it may easily have from baronies with territorial titles, viz., been transformed into "hell" from the Baron Cadogan of Reading (1716), and, by a fresh creation in 1718, Baron Cadogan of position of the box under the table, which I intend applying Oakley; and Baron Beauchamp of Powyke gave rise to many puns. (1806). HERBERT MAXWELL. ENGLISH PRISONERS IN FRANCE IN 1811 (11 S. xi. 66).-To MR. LEIGHTON'S list I am able to add the names of the two following prisoners, with each of whom I can claim kinship: (1) Capt. William Young of Wapping, master mariner. I possess a Prayer Book Capt. Young purchased while in France. It was published at Verdun in 1810, and in English, apparently for the use of English prisoners. (2) Capt. George Hall, Elder Brother of the Trinity House, Kingston-upon-Hull. Capt. Hall escaped, but was recaptured. He escaped a second to persons conversant with French sixteenthcentury tales and plays for instances of the French word. BON A. F. BOURGEOIS. ADJECTIVES FROM FRENCH PLACE-NAMES (11 S. ix. 21, 94, 171, 358).—The name for the inhabitants of La Ferté sous Jouarre is Fertois. BON A. F. BOURGEOIS. CARDINAL IPPOLITO DEI MEDICI (11 S. ix. 87, 137, 375).—I shall feel extremely obliged to L. L. K. or to " Christopher Hare "for communication of the passage in Marino Sanuto, or any other writer concerning Medici's Hungarian expedition. BON A. F. BOURGEOIS. |