Sweet voices, mixt with instrumental sounds, Ascend the vaulted roof, the vaulted roof rebounds.

Id.

In benefits, as well as injuries, it is the principal that we are to consider, not the instrument; that which a man does by another is in truth his own act. L'Estrange.

Box is useful for turners and instrument makers. Mortimer. Habitual preparation for the sacrament consists in a standing permanent habit, or principle of holiness, wrought chiefly by God's spirit, and instrumentally by his word, in the heart or soul of man. South.

I discern some excellent final causes of conjunc

tion of body and soul: but the instrumental I know not, no what invisible bands and fetters unite them together. Bentley. The Presbyterian merit is of little weight, when they allege themselves instrumental towards the Swift.

restoration.

An instrument, whose chords upon the stretch, And strained to the last screw that he can bear, Yield only discord in his Maker's ear.

Cowper. Truth. INSTRUMENTS, MUSICAL. See MUSIC. INSUBRES, INSUBRI, Or ISOMBRES, the ancient inhabitants of Insubria, a people of Gallic origin, who were conquered by the Romans, and their country made into a province.

INSUBRIA, or INSUBRIUM AGER, in ancient geography, a district of Gallia Transpadana; situated between the Ticinus on the west, the Addua on the east, the Padus on the south, and the Orobii on the north.

INSUFFERABLE, adj. Į Lat. in and sufINSUF FERABLY, adv. fero. Not to be borne; intolerable; beyond endurance; detestable; contemptible to an extreme degree: used both in a good and bad sense.

How shall we behold the face Henceforth of God or angel, erst with joy And rapture so oft beheld? those heavenly shapes Will dazzle now this earthly with their blaze Insufferably bright. Milton's Paradise Lost. The one is oppressed with constant heat, the other with insufferable cold. Browne's Vulgar Errours.

Eyes that confessed him born for kingly sway, So fierce, they flashed insufferable day. Dryden. Though great light be insufferable to our eyes, yet the highest degree of darkness does not at all disease them; because that, causing no disorderly motion, leaves that curious organ unharmed. Locke.

There is no person remarkably ungrateful, who was not also insufferably proud. South. Fr. insufficience; Lat. in and sufficit. Inadequateness to any end or pur

INSUFFICIENCE, n. s.-
INSUFFICIENCY, N. s.
INSUFFICIENT, adj.

INSUFFICIENTLY, adv.

pose; want of requisite value or power; used of things and persons: unequal to the task: want of proper ability: in an unskilful manner.

Hold ye, then, me, or elles our covent

To pray for you ben insufficient!

Chaucer. The Sompnoures Tale. The bishop, to whom they shall be presented, may justly reject them as incapable and insufficient.

Spenser.

The minister's aptness or insufficiency, otherwise than by reading to instruct the flock, standeth in this place as a stranger, with whom our form of common prayer hath nothing to do. Hooker.

We will give you sleepy crinks, that your senses, unintelligent of our insufficience, may, though they cannot praise us, as little accuse us. Shakspeare. Fasting kills by the bad state, or by the insufficient quantity of fluids. Arbuthnot on Aliments.

We are weak, dependant creatures, insufficient to our own happiness, full of wants which of ourselves we cannot relieve, exposed to a numerous train of evils which we know not how to divert. Kogers. INSUFFLATION, n. s.

The act of breathing upon.

Lat. in and sufflo.

Imposition of hands is a custom of parents in blessing their children, but taken up by the apostles instead of that divine insufflation which Christ

used.

Hammond's Fundamentals.

Belonging to an is

insulated, not con

IN'SULAR, adj. Fr. insulaire; Lat. inIN'SULARY, adj. sula. IN'SULATED, adj.) land: tiguous on any side.

Druina, being surrounded by the sea, is hardly to be invaded, having many other insulary advantages. Howel. Their loves, and feasts, and house, and dress, and mode

Of living in their insular abode.

Byron. Don Juan. Look again! Two forms are slowly shadowed on my sight, Two insulated phantoms of the brain.

Byron. Childe Harold. INSULATED, in architecture, an appellation given to such columns as stand alone.

INSULATED, in electrical experiments. When any body is prevented from communicating with the earth, by the interposition of an electric body, it is said to be insulated. See ELECTRI

CITY.

But safest he who stood aloof, When insupportably his foot advanced, In scorn of their proud arms, and warlike tools, Spurned them to death by troops.

Milton's Agonistes. Then fell she to so pitiful a declaration of the insupportableness of her desires, that Dorus's ears procured his eyes with tears to give testimony how much

they suffered for her sufferings.

Sidney. The thought of being nothing after death is a burden insupportable to a virtuous man; we naturally aim at happiness, and cannot bear to have it confined to our present being. Dryden.

The first day's audience sufficiently convinced me, that the poem was insupportably too long. Id. A disgrace put upon a man in company is insupportable; it is heightened according to the greatness and multiplied according to the number of the persons that hear.

South.

To those that dwell under or near the equator, this spring would be a most pestilent and insupportable summer; and, as for those countries that are nearer the poles, a perpetual spring will not do their business.

Bentley.

Were it not for that rest which is appointed on the first day of the week, and the solemn meetings which then take place for the purposes of social worship and religious instruction, the labours of the common people, that is of the greatest part of mankind, would be insupportable.

Beattie.

INSURANCE and ASSURANCE, in mercantile language, are terms used synonymously under the latter we have treated of assurances on lives, and referred to MARINE INSURANCE for that important branch of mercantile affairs. It remains only for us to attend in this place to the subject of insurance against fire.

This is a mode of providing against what might otherwise prove a ruinous contingency of human life, peculiar, of course, to a state of high civilization. The period of its first introduction into this country has not been correctly ascertained: but our oldest, which are amongst the most respectable fire offices, bear date (with the exception of the Hand in Hand, which was incorporated in 1696) in the early part of the eighteenth century. The oldest fire office in Paris is said to have commenced business so late as 1745. In Holland, though these institutions are not unknown,

they are said to be little resorted to; and yet th number of fires in Amsterdam is represented as far less in proportion than in London.

The

In this metropolis, and in different parts of the kingdom, are various companies, each of which has a large capital funded, for the purpose of insuring from loss or damage by fire, buildings, furniture, goods in trade, merchandise, farming stock, ships in port, harbour, or dock, the cargoes of such ships, ships building or repairing, vessels on rivers and canals, the goods on hoard such vessels, &c. These articles are commonly divided into three classes:-1. Common assurances, which are effected at 2s. per cent. per annum, up to £1000; 2. Hazardous assurances, at 3s. per cent. per annum ; and, 3, doubly hazardous, at 5s. per cent. per annum. mode of classification, and more detailed particulars, may be learnt from the proposals of the most respectable companies; which are-Hand in Hand Fire Office, incorporated in 1696; Sun Fire Office, incorporated in 1706; Union Fire Office, incorporated in 1714; Westminster Fire Office, incorporated in 1717; Royal Exchange Assurance Company, incorporated in 1719; London Assurance, incorporated in 1719; Phonix Fire Office, established in 1782; Imperial Insurance Company, 1803; Globe Insurance Office, 1803; Albion, 1805; Hope, 1807; Eagle, 1807; Atlas, 1808: besides various extensive companies in the country; as in Kent, Norfolk, &c.

In 1782 a duty of 1s. 6d. was imposed on every £100 assured from loss by fire, which was increased in 1797 to 2s. per cent., in 1804 to 2s. 6d. per cent., and since that period to 3s. From the produce of this duty an estimate has been formed of the total amount of property assured from fire in Great Britain, which appears to have been nearly as

follows:

In 1785

£125,000,000

The legal effect of the contracts of these societies is altogether regulated by the terms of them respectively, and each person on entering becomes voluntarily a party to the rules of the society. Speaking generally, a very high feeling of honor and liberality pervades the conduct of these bodies, who, we fear, are far more often 'sinned against than sinning,' in respect to their business. But some curious cases of claims occur

in the law books.

The Sun, inserting the terms'civil commotion' as an exception to the cases of fire against which they insured, resisted the claim of Mr. Langdale, in 1780, for a fire occasioned by the riots of that year and the court held them exempt from paying it. Yet there is a case where (2 Wils. 363.) the London Assurance paid a claim for a fire occasioned by a mob; only they use the terms 'military or usurped power.'

In case of loss occuring the insured is bound by most of the proposals of the societies, and ought, in all cases, to give immediate notice of the event, and as particular an account of the value, &c., as the nature of the case will admit. He must also generally produce a certificate of the minister and church-wardens as to his character, their belief of the loss sustained, and the truth of what he advances. If a policy of insurance from fire refer to certain printed proposals, the proposals will be considered as part of the policy.

6

Insurance against all the damages which the plaintiffs should suffer by fire, on stock and utensils in their regular built sugar-house,' was held not to extend to damage done to the sugar by the heat of the usual fires employed in refining, being accumulated by the mismanagement of plaintiffs, who inadvertently kept the top of their chimney closed.' Austin v. Drewe.

In insurances against fire, the loss may be either partial or total, and some of the offices, if not all, expressly undertake to allow all reasonable charges, attending the removal of goods in cases of fire, and to pay the sufferer's loss, whether the goods are destroyed, lost, or damaged, by such removal. Park, 449. In a policy against fire from half year to half year, the assured agreed to pay the premium half yearly, as long as the insurers should agree to accept the same,' within fifteen days after the expiration of the former half year, and it was also stipulated that no insurance should take place till the premium was actually paid; a loss happened within fifteen days after the end of one half year, but before the premium of the next was paid: held that the insurers were not liable though the assured tendered the premium before the end of fifteen days, but after the loss. Torleton v. Stanniforth in Error, E. 36 Geo. 3.

Want of fairness in the statement of circumtances is very justly held to vitiate this obligation with most others. A plaintiff, Bufe. v. Turner, having one of several warehouses next but one to a boat-builder's shop which took fire; on the same evening, after the fire was apparently xtinguished, gave instructions by an extraordinary conveyance for insuring that warehouse, then having others uninsured, but without apprising the insurers of the recent neighbouring fire.

Though the terms of insurance did not expressly require the communication, it was held that the concealment of this fact avoided the policy. 6 W. P. Taunton, 338.

Contrary to what has been determined as to MARINE INSURANCES (see that article), fire policies are not, in their nature, assignable, nor can the interest in them be transferred without the consent of the office. It is provided, however, that, when any person dies, the interest shall remain to his heir, executor, or administrator, respectively, to whom the property insured belongs; provided they procure their right to be endorsed on the policy, or the premium be paid in their name. Park, 549. It is necessary that the party injured should have an interest or property in the house insured, at the time the policy is made out, and at the time the fire happeus.

For some interesting particulars as to the capitals of the principal Insurance Companies, see ENGLAND, vol. viii. p. 307. INSURMOUNTABLE, adj.ter; Lat. in

INSURMOUN TABLY, adv.

surmon

super montem. Insuperable; unconquerable. This difficulty is insurmountable, till I can make simplicity and variety the same. Locke. Hope thinks nothing difficult; despair tells us, that difficulty is insurmountable. Watts.

INSURRECTION, n. s. Lat. insurgo. A seditious rising; a rebellious commotion.

This city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been

made therein.
Ezra.
There shall be a great insurrection upon those that
fear the Lord.
2 Esd. xvi. 70.
Between the acting of a dreadful thing,
And the first motion, all the interim is
Like a phantasma, or a hideous dream :
The genius and the mortal instruments
Are then in council; and the state of man,
Like to a little kingdom, suffers then
The nature of an insurrection.

Shakspeare. Julius Cæsar. Insurrections of base people are commonly more furious in their beginnings. Bacon's Henry VII. The trade of Rome had like to have suffered

another great stroke by an insurrection in Egypt.

Arbuthnot.

INTACTIBLE, adj. Not perceptible to the touch.

Lat. in and tactum.

INTAGLIO, n. s. Italian. Any thing that has figures engraved on it.

We meet with the figures which Juvenal describes on antique intaglios and medals. Addison on Italy.

INTAGLIOS are precious stones on which are engraved the heads of great men, inscriptions, and the like. They are often set in rings, seals, &c.

INTAPHERNES, one of the seven Persian lords, who conspired against Smerdis the Magian. See PERSIA. He was afterwards put to death by Darius for conspiring against him, together with his whole family, except two persons, viz. his wife and any other she should name; who

Shakspeare.

Id. Henry VIII.

parts together.

Hale.

Id.

Holder.

As not only signified a piece of money, but any integer; from whence is derived the word ace, or Arbuthnot.

unit.

The libertine, instead of attempting to corrupt our integrity, will conceal and disguise his own vices.

Rogers. Whoever has examined both parties cannot go far towards the extremes of either, without violence to his integrity or understanding. Swift. Take away this transformation, and there is no chasm, nor can it affect the integrity of the action. Broome.

A mathematical whole is better called integral, when the several parts which make up the whole are distinct, and each may subsist apart. Watts.

I promised that when I possessed the power, I would use it with inflexible integrity. Johnson's Rasselas. INTEGRAL, OF INTEGRANT, in philosophy, appellations given to parts of bodies which are of a similar nature with the whole thus filings of iron have the same nature and properties as hars of iron. Bodies may be reduced into their integrant parts by triture or grinding, limation or filing, solution, amalgamation, &c. Chemists distinguish between the integrant and constituent parts of bodies: thus when crude mercury is dissolved in nitric acid, though held imperceptibly in the menstruum; yet when that menstruum is diluted with water, and a copperplate is suspended in it, the menstruum leaves the mercury, to work upon the copper, and the mercury subsides unaltered and in its own natutal form; the mercury, therefore, in this operation, was only divided into its integrant parts, or small parcels, by the same nature and pro

perties as the whole; but when cinnabar is resolved or divided into crude mercury and sulphur, neither of these is of the same nature and properties with the cinnabar, and they are not its integrant but its constituent parts. INTEGUMENT, n. s.

Lat. integumentum, intego. Any thing that covers or envelops another.

He could no more live without his frize coat than without his skin: it is not indeed so properly his coat, as what the anatomists call one of the integuments of the body. Addison. Fr. intellect, intellectif, intelligence, intelligible; Lat. intelligo, intellectus, intelligibilis. These words vary in signification thus: Intellect is the faculty of understanding; intellection the act of understanding;

INTELLECT, n. s. INTELLECTION, n.s. INTELLECTIVE, adj. INTELLECTUAL, adj. & n. s. INTELLIGENCE, n. s. INTELLIGENCY, n. s. INTELLIGENCER, n. s. INTELLIGENT, adj. INTELLIGENTIAL, adj. INTELLIGIBILITY, n. s. INTELLIGIBLE, adj. INTELLIGIBLENESS, n. s. intelligence, information conveyed; intelligibleINTELLIGIBLY, adv. ness, perspicuity of the information conveyed. These are primary senses, from which the rest are derived. Intellective is having power to understand a subject. Intellectual, relating to the understanding; mental acts; ideal. Proposed as the object not of the senses but intellect: as, Cudworth names his book the Intellectual System of the Universe. Intellectual, the understanding : not used in this sense. Intelligence, commerce of acquaintance; spirit; understanding. Intelligencer, one who conveys information or news; a messenger. Intelligent, knowing; skilful; giving information: it has of before the thing. Intelligential, consisting of unbodied mind. Intelligibility, possibility of being understood. Intelligible, easy to be comprehended; clear; perspicuous. Intelligibly, speaking or writing plainly; without mystery or equivocation. in a manner so as to be understood; clearly;

Right as a man hath sapiences three,
Memorie, engine, and intellect also;
So, in o Being of Divinitee

Three persons mowen ther, righte wel, be.
Chaucer. The Second Nonnes Tale.

I write; as he that none intelligence
Of metres hath, ne floures of sentence.
Id. The Court of Love.
They think to be chief praise of poetry,
Heaps of huge words, up hoarded hideously,
Have marred the face of goodly poesie.
And thereby wanting due intelligence,

Spenser.

It was perceived there had not been in the catholicks so much foresight as to provide that true intelligence might pass between them of what was done.

Hooker.

Anaxagoras and Plato term the Maker of the world an intellectual worker. Hooker. I fast and prayed for their intelligence. Last night the very gods shewed me a vision :

Shakspeare. Cymbeline. How deep you were within the books of heaven! To us, the' imagined voice of heaven itself; The very opener and intelligencer Between the grace and sanctities of heaven, And our dull workings. Id. Henry IV.

His eyes, being his diligent intelligencers, could carry unto him no other news but discomfortable.

Sidney.

In a dark vision's intellectual scene, Beneath a bower for sorrow made, The melancholy Cowley lay.

Cowrey.

The genuine sense, intelligibly told,
Shews a translator both discreet and bold.
Roscommon.

They hoped to get the favour of the houses, and by the favour of the houses they hoped for that of the intelligences, and by their favour, for that of the supreme God. Stilling fleet. Satan appearing like a cherub to Uriel, the intelligence of the sun circumvented him even in his own Dryden. province. Something must be lost in all translations, but the sense will remain, which would otherwise be maimed when it is scarce intelligible.

Id.

It is in our ideas, that both the rightness of our knowledge, and the propriety or intelligibleness of our speaking, consists. Locke.

They have news-gatherers and intelligencers, who make them acquainted with the conversation of the whole kingdom. Spectator. We shall give satisfaction to the mind, to shew it a fair and intelligible account of the deluge.

Burnet.

All those arts, rarities, and inventions, which vulgar minds gaze at, and the ingenious pursue, are but the reliques of an intellect defaced with sin and time. South.

To write of metals and minerals intelligibly, is a task more difficult than to write of animals.

Woodward. They will say 'tis not the bulk or substance of the animal spirit, but its motion and agility, that produces intellection and sense. Bentley's Sermons. Those tales had been sung to lull children asleep, before ever Berosus set up his intelligence office at Coos. Bentley.

A train of phantoms in wild order rose, And joined, this intellectual scene compose

Pope. Intellect, the artificer, works lamely without his proper instrument, sense. Bolingbroke. Logick is to teach us the right use of our reason, or intellectual powers.

Watts.

Many natural duties relating to God, ourselves, and our neighbours, would be exceeding difficult for the bulk of mankind to find out by reason: therefore it has pleased God to express them in a plain manner, intelligible to souls of the lowest capacity. Id. When a roast or ragout, And fish, and soup by some side dishes backed, Can give us either pain or pleasure, who Would pique himself on intellects, whose use Depends so much upon the gastric juice.

Byron. Don Juan. I'm a plain man, and in a single station, But-oh! ye lords of ladies intellectual, Inform us truly, have they not hen-pecked you all.

Id.