RESEARCHES

IN

GREECE

AND

THE LEVANT.

BY

THE REV. JOHN HARTLEY, M.A.

LATE MISSIONARY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN.

"If the Son shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed."

DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER.

Map of the Route of the Rev. J. Hartley, on a Visit to the

......

to face p. 245

Apocalyptic Churches Map of the Morea; with the Routes of the Rev. J. Hartley...p. 376

Turkey the most unhappy of all countries-Deserted Burial-grounds

-Desolations of Ephesus-Laodicea-Sardis-Diminution of

population at Constantinople-Corfu-Ægina - Colossæ-

Discovery of Apamea and Sagalassus-Site of Antioch of

Pisidia, and other places mentioned in Scripture, not yet dis-

covered-Reflections-Destruction of the Janissaries-Mas-

sacre of Greeks-of Twenty-seven Samiots at Vourla-Total

desolation of Psara-Disappearance of Mahomedans and their

religion from the Morea-Unhappy condition of Women in

Turkey-Polygamy-Slavery of Greek Females-Scene of

distress at Magnesia....

Desolate state of the Morea, illustrated by Scripture-Tripolitza,

and the open country, after the last incursion of Ibrahim Pasha

-Towns demolished-Soil in a state of devastation-High-

ways abandoned-Khans burnt-Cattle destroyed- Churches

in ruins-Olive-trees cut down-The inhabitants taking refuge

in caves and mountains-Fires in Turkey-Terrible conflagra-

tion at Constantinople in 1826-Families resident in the

tombs of the Ancient Eginetans-Reflections on the compa-

rative privileges of our country-Respect paid to Englishmen

in Turkey-Execution of Divine menaces against sin, exem-

plified in the sufferings of the Oriental Church, and in the de-

cline of Turkish power..

CHAP. III.

RELIGION OF THE MODERN GREEKS.

Primitive and Modern Christianity of the East contrasted-Inade-

quate views of human danger-Greek Preachers-Justification

-Regeneration-Worship of the Virgin-Prayers addressed to

her-Titles given her-Practical confidence in her assistance,

evidenced during an action with Pirates-Worship of Saints-

St. Spiridion and other Patron Saints of the Ionian Islands-

Singular circumstance connected with the Worship of the Arch-

angel Michael at Colossæ-Facility with which new Saints are

worshipped-Two Spezziotes martyred at Scio, and sainted-

Modern Greek Martyrdoms.....

T

CHAP. IV.

RELIGION OF THE MODERN GREEKS.

Picture-Worship-Description of the Pictures in Churches-Modes

of worshipping them-Pictures in Houses-Emolument and

imposition of Painters in the Sale of Pictures, illustrated by an

anecdote-Arguments against the Worship of Saints and Pic-

tures from the Septuagint-from Epiphanius-from Chryso-

stom-Greek ideas of Fasting-Fasts observed by Pirates-

The Four Lents- Articles of Food prohibited..

CHAP. V.

RELIGION OF THE MODERN GREEKS.

The Seven Mysteries or Sacraments-Baptism-Mode of immer-

sion-Classical Names given to Children-The Chrism—

Transubstantiation recently introduced amongst the Greeks-

Mode of celebrating the Lord's Supper-Azymists and Enzy-

mists-Confession, and Absolution-Abuses arising from these

doctrines-Anecdote of a Monk who confessed to the Author

-Excess of precaution against the Marriage of Relatives-

The Holy Oil-Animosities of the Greeks and Latins-Proces-

sion of the Holy Ghost-View of Purgatory-Marriage of the

Clergy-Monasticism-Concluding Remarks.....

39

59

69

CONTENTS.

CHAP. VI.

MORAL CHARACTER OF GREEKS.

Greek Character not inferior to Turkish-Violation of the Third

Commandment-Anecdote of a Greek Priest, who swore with

delight on procuring the New Testament- The Fourth Com-

mandment The Sixth-Dissensions during the Revolution-

Rival Chieftains of the Morea-Vengeance inflicted on Turks

-The Turk burnt alive by a Greek Woman-Union of Cru-

elty and Superstition at Spezzie- Instance of Generosity to

Turkish Prisoners-The Seventh Commandment-Divorces-

Kindness of Brothers to their Sisters-Freedom from Drunk-

enness- -Rapine and Piracy-Greek Klephts-Robbery of an

Ecclesiastic of Rank-Murder of a Bishop by the Maniotes-

Suppression of Piracy on the arrival of Capo d'Istria....

CHAP. VII.

MORAL CHARACTER OF GREEKS.

Falsehood of Greeks not superior to Turkish-Turkish False-

witnesses-Conduct of Sir Thomas Maitland to Greek Judges

- Illustration of St. Paul's Character of the Cretans-Disadvan-

tages under which the Oriental Clergy have laboured- Excel-

lent Character of two Greek Ecclesiastics, and interesting Ad-

venture with one of them in the Island of Cefalonia...

88

106

CHAP. VIII.

CEMETERIES, AND RITES OF BURIAL.

Turkish, Jewish, and Armenian Cemeteries at Smyrna and Con-

stantinople-Effect produced by the English Burial-Service in

Turkey-Greek Funerals-Illustration of the Miracle at Nain

-Persons buried alive-The last embrace of the deceased-

Professional Mourners- Inspection of graves at the close of

twelve months-Superstitious ideas concerning undecayed

corpses.

114