FRANCES, VISCOUNTESS VANE.-The adventures of this lady, wife of William, second and last Viscount Vane in the peerage of Ireland, afforded considerable material for gossip in the middle of the eighteenth century, Horace Walpole making divers uncomplimentary references to her in his letters, and it being stated that she furnished her own biography to Smollett, as the "Lady of Quality in Peregrine Pickle.' A slim volume, entitled 'The History of a Woman of Quality; or, the Adventures of Lady Frail, by an Impartial Hand,' was published in London, 1751, 8vo; and my copy has a MS. note to the effect that it was written by Lionel Vane. This book professes to give an unvarnished description of the lady's remarkable career from the year one thousand seven hundred and-, but good nature commands us to forbear the rest (my MS. supplies the blank by the date" 1728"), when the Bloom of what has now long been the celebrated Lady Frail appeared in the midst of a crowded Season at Bath; Her Age barely seventeen." 46 If this statement be correct, she must have been born about the year 1711; her father's name was Francis Hawes of Purley-I think a director of the South Sea Company; and her first husband Lord William Hamilton, brother of the Duke, to whom she was married in May, 1733. Lord William dying not long afterwards, she remarried to Lord Vane in 1735. The next fifteen years were those in which the Viscountess became, in Walpole's words, "a living academy of love lore," and were largely passed on the Continent; but in 1750 she was again living under her husband's roof, and the appearance so soon afterwards of the History of Lady Frail, together with another publication, called A Letter to the Right Honble Lady V-ss V,' London, 1751, is perhaps attributable to the indignation of Lord Vane's family at their reconciliation, with the prospect of his large fortune eventually passing to her, instead of to his own kin. Is anything known of the subsequent history of this ill-assorted couple? Lady Vane lived on till 1788, when, if Lionel Vane be accurate, she had reached her 77th year, her ill-treated husband dying the following year at his town house in Downing Street, whilst a reference in The Gentleman's Magazine for May, 1789, is said to have been written by some one well acquainted with Lord and Lady Vane. The bulk of Lord Vane's fortune, greatly impaired by her ladyship's extravagances, passed by his will to his cousin, Mr. Papillon of Acrise, in Kent, in which county the Vane seat of Fairlawn was also situate; and his descendant, Mr. Papillon, now has a collection of portraits of this branch of the Vanes at Crowhurst Park, near Hastings, and may own other relics of the fair and frail Frances. The Viscount had sold in his lifetime Caverswall Castle and other estates in Staffordshire, which he had inherited from his mother Lucy, daughter and coheir of William Jolliffe; and the sum of 60,000l., which Walpole says he received from the Duke of Newcastle for breaking the entail of the Holles property (to which he had become heir in right of his grandmother Grace Holles, Lady Barnard), had been squandered on such articles as a "chariot with the fittings of solid silver." I may remark that Lady Vane had no children by either of her marriages. H. "RUNT."—"The Oxford Dictionary' quotes runt,' in the sense of no instance of " small pig," earlier than the year 1841. On p. 108 of "Letters from Simpkin the Second to his dear brother in Wales; (By Ralph the second Broome) London: 1792," we read :— edition. 'twas the custom to keep,So our father commanded, the Runts and our Sheep; The Union Society, Oxford. THE INTRODUCTION OF TURKEY-RED DYEING INTO ENGLAND: THE MARQUIS DE LAUNAY. (See 7 S. viii. 485; ix. 37 ; x. 178). -The following announcement of death from The Manchester Guardian of Jan. 8, 1917, and two following days, seems worth reproducing : 'De Launay.-On the 24th ult., at Chorltonon-Medlock, Margery Genevieve de Launay, youngest child of the late Louis Barthelemy de Launay and granddaughter of Angel Raphael Louis de Launay (late of Blackley, Manchester)." I send the subjoined paragraph from The Manchester Weekly Times of Oct. 5, 1889, which reads thus: He was "The late Mr. C. L. Delaunay.-We regret to record the death of Mr. Charles Louis Delaunay, who had resided in Salford for many years, was a member of an historical family. Mr. Delaunay, the son of the late Mr. L. B. Delaunay, of Blackley, and had reached his sixty-third year. the grandson of the Marquis de Launay, who about a century ago was Governor of the Bastille The family of the unfortunate Marquis turkey-red dyeing over to England, and started the first establishment formed in England, at Blackley." in Paris. came It comes into light that it is in error that Charles Delaunay claims the introduction of Turkey-red for a member of the family of the Governor of the Bastille. The following from The Salford County Telephone, Saturday, Nov. 15, 1890, is interesting : "The Delaunay Family.-In the collection of book-cuttings presented to the Salford Free Library by the daughter of the late Mr. Brotherton, M.P., is a reference to the yarn-dyeing firm of the late Mr. Delaunay, who was in business in Harpurhey in 1798." I subjoin a copy of a précis of a naturalization deed, the précis being in the possession of my brother Alfred Nünes Tavaré, now of Beach Lawn, Whalley Range, Manchester : "Contains the names of six foreigners, viz., Charles Julien François Hende, formerly of Dinan in the Kingdom of France, but now of Bethnal Green in the county of Middlesex ; Louis Bartholomew Delaunay, formerly of Rouen in the Kingdom of France, but now of Manchester in the County of Lancaster; Charles Tavaré, formerly of Amsterdam in the Kingdom of Holland, but now of Manchester in the County of Lancaster; Emanuel de Bergareche, formerly of Ochandiano in the Kingdom of Spain, but now of Great Winchester Street in the City of London; John Nicholas Gossler, formerly of the City of Hamburg, but now of Bridge Street in the City of London; and the Abbé Louis Leonard de Richebec, formerly of Barfleur in the Kingdom of France, but now of Southwark with croft in the County of Lancaster, aliens born, that they and each of them shall and may be free Denizens and Liege Subjects of us our heirs and successors, and that their and each of their heirs respectively shall and may be liege subjects of us our heirs and successors, and that as well they as the heirs of each of them respectively may in all things be treated, reputed, held, and governed as faithful Liege subjects born within our United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland." Our 22 Trentham Street, Pendleton, Manchester. THE COCK: CARVING OF A LEGEND.—At 5 S. ix. 412, there is reference made to the carving of a cock rising out of a circle or plate, which is over the fireplace of the ruined castle of Kilmeen, near Clonakilty, co. Cork. It represents, no doubt, the legend concerning the boiled cock of Herod, which arose from his plate when he said that he would as soon believe that the cock he was about to eat would crow as that Christ was born. This carving of the legend I have noticed on the penal crosses in Case S," Room IV. of the Museum of Science and Art in Kildare Street, Dublin. Such crosses were in frequent use among the people, and as a consequence it is natural to find a carving of the popular legend upon them. None of the crosses which were used for higher purposes has, so far as I know, the carving of the cock. upon them. J. MACS. Queries. WE must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that answers may be sent to them direct. REPRESENTATIONS OF THE BLESSED TRINITY.-In the east window of Fromond's Chantry, Winchester College, is a repre sentation, in ancient painted glass, c. 14801483, of the Blessed Trinity, treated in somewhat unusual manner. God the Father, depicted as an aged, bearded man, is apparently standing, vested in a white mantle lined with ermine, and powdered with golden foliate devices. Upon His head is a golden imperial crown. is the body of the dead Christ (now someIn front of Him, supported in His arms, what mutilated), streaming with blood, and displaying the wounds. Overhead, the Holy Ghost hovers in the form of a dove. This group is placed upon a blue diapered field, beneath a rich canopy, and, together with the rest of the glass in the window, cnce formed part of the original glazing of Thurbern's Chantry, on the south side of the College Chapel, whence it was removed in 1772. I should be very glad to know of any other instances, whether in ancient painted glass, sculpture, or wall-painting, wherein the Trinity is depicted in the manner described above, but I do not require examples wherein God the Father supports a crucifix. JOHN D. LE COUTEUR. Plymouth. JOHN NATHANIEL MESSEENA was a son of one of the medical attendants on the first Napoleon. The father subsequently had a fashionable practice in Albemarle Street, and he and his wife were buried at Portsmouth. John Nathaniel had a practice in the East End of London. Jonathan Pereira, 1804-53 ('D.N.B.'), was the paternal uncle of his wife. I should like some corroboration of this family tradition. Did the Messeenas hold English degrees? Were they natives of this country? Any additional biographical details will be much appreciated. ISRAEL SOLOMONS. MEDIEVAL WORK ON MAKING OF ENAMEL. the Middle Ages,' speaking of early chemists, SARAH, DUCHESS OF MARLBOROUGH. According to A. J. C. Hare's Walks in London,' vol. ii. p. 356, the Duchess of Marlborough used to sit in the Cloisters of Westminster Abbey "dressed as a beggar, in her poignant grief for the loss of her son.' The writer adds: "The Duchess of Portland relates that her husband saw her there, when a boy at Westminster School." Where is the Duchess of Portland's statement to be found? G. F. R. B. B. KILLINGBECK: PORTRAIT OF WOLFE.- of a copy, or if any representatives of the A. O. WOLFE-AYLWARD. Quebec House, Westerham, Kent. OLD INNS.-The Bull's Head Inn, Market Place, Manchester, is mentioned ante, pp. 134-5, as having some interesting history. I am having to do a considerable amount of travelling on war work (as many others are), and should greatly like the opportunity of putting up for the night (there is rarely more than one in any one place) at old inns with interesting associations. Will readers of ' N. & Q.' be good enough to give the names and addresses of a few, mentioning the chief items of interest attaching to each ? I am sure others besides myself would appreciate such information. The towns visited are important manufacturing centres. SIR ROBERT SMYTH, BART.-According to ALFRED S. E. ACKERMANN. J. G. Alger's Englishmen in the French Revolution,' 1889, this baronet, who proAUTHOR WANTED.-Who wrote the followposed the toast of "The speedy abolitioning, intended to be placed as an inscription of all hereditary titles and feudal distinc-|on the memorial tablet of an officer killed tions at the famous dinner held at White's in this war?— 'MILITARY QUARTERLY REVIEW.'-In Some Memories of my Spare Time,' by the late General Sir Henry Brackenbury, G.C.B., the following passage occurs, p. 218: "In December, 1872, two meetings were held in London for the purpose of promoting the publication of a military periodical. A society was formed, of which eighteen officers, all capable writers, were the original members. It was decided to establish a Military Quarterly Review; Capt. J. W. Hozier was appointed editor, and a sub-committee of four, of which I was a member, was appointed to assist the editor. Every member of the society was pledged to contribute, if called upon by the editor, one article per annum. So far as I can recollect, the scheme never bore fruit." Who were the eighteen officers ? Are any of them still living? J. H. LESLIE. 31 Kenwood Park Road, Sheffield. Battle-fields are strange In unexpectedness, and histories change above. There "SMALL BOOKS ON GREAT SUBJECTS." Between 1841 and 1852 there was published, originally by Pickering, and afterwards by J. W. Parker, a series of books named as altogether in the set, and according to were twenty-two volumes 'D.N.B.' the majority of them were written by Caroline Frances Cornwallis (1786-1858), a very accomplished lady, who, when only 7 years of age, produced histories, poems, commentaries, and essays, which would fill volumes." She knew Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and German, and acquired a knowledge of philosophy, natural and social science, history, theology, law, and politics. The above series, which she projected with the assistance of a few well-wishers to knowledge," was, I know, largely carried out by her, and it covered the whole field of her knowledge; but can it be said, at this distant 42. As mad as a hatter.-Instance earlier than 1863 ? 43. As mad as May butter.-Are there any references to (May) butter madness after the middle of eighteenth century? 44. As mad as a tithe pig.-Explanation ? 45. As crazy as loons (Thornton).-Known in England ? 46. As crazy as a (Kalamazoo) bed-bug (Bartlett, Thornton).-Explanation? Used in England? 47. As fond as a besom; as drunk as a besom.Only North Country? Why is a besom taken as a type of foolishness and drunkenness ? 48. As fond as a brush.-Explanation ? 49. As fond as a cart (Yorkshire).-Current elsewhere ? Is this applied to silly persons who have no will of their own, and, without thinking, follow anybody or anything that will drag them on, just as the cart follows the horse ? 50. As fond as a horn.-Explanation? 51. As knowing as Kate Mullet, and she was hanged for a fool (Wright, Rustic Speech ').— Anything known about this person? 52. As stupid as an owl.-How old ? 53. As stupid as an ox (mentioned by an American writer).—Is such a phrase known in England? By Thomas Middleton, printed in 1661. will be found in vol. ii. of Havelock Ellis's edition of Middleton's best plays in the "Mermaid Series (Fisher Unwin).] THE CAPITAL CITY OF THE U.S.A.-How long was New York the capital city of the United States of America, and when, and for what reason, did it cease to remain so ? J. LANDFEAR Lucas. Glendora, Hindhead, Surrey. Replies. BULL-FIGHTING IN SPAIN AND (12 S. ii. 447; iii. 15.) IN Wilkinson's Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians' it is shown that combats of men and bulls were known to 54. As witty as a haddock (1520).-Known the Pharaohs "of the earliest period." later? 55. As dull as a whetstone (Heath, 1650).What does this refer to ? "As blue as a whetstone" is better known. 56. As dull as dun in the mire (Ray).-What does "dun in the mire " refer to ? The game, or the log used in it, or any actual dun horse? 57. As dull as a bachelor beaver (Bartlett). ditch-water.-Known before Known elsewhere? 58. As dull as 1800 ? He gives four drawings proving this, taken from tombs at Thebes and Beni Hassan. In Spain the bull-fight is often associated with the games and sacrifices of pagans. During a plague in Rome under Adrian VI. Demetrius, a Greek, killed a bull in the Colosseum, and, the malady chancing to cease, the people gave credit to the pagan In the ancient taurobolia, the priest was placed in an excavation beneath a grating on which a bull was killed, whose Ex-blood dropping or raining on him washed away the sins of the people. The bullfighters of Spain are pre-eminently superstitious. They spring, like our prizefighters, from the common people. Their 59. As melancholy as a new set-up schoolmaster (Dekker).-Known elsewhere ? 60. As melancholy as a mantle-tre ('N.E.D.,' 1606, twice).-Other instances known ? planation ? T. HILDING SVARTENGREN. Västerås, Sweden. (To be continued.) panacea. 6 breasts are covered with rosaries and ings from Spain,' chapters xxi. and xxii., will amulets. There is or was a chapel adjoining supplement the Handbook.' In October, the Seville amphitheatre where the altar 1838, a very remarkable historical and was lighted up during a bull-fight. The descriptive article on Bull-fights' appeared bull-fighter, if killed in the arena, is shut in The Quarterly Review. For the historical out of the churchyard. To obviate this side of the subject I doubt if there is anya priest is always in attendance with the thing better written. There are also consecrated Host. The blood of a newly O'Shea's Romantic Spain,' vol. i. chap. x. ; killed bull is drunk by Spaniards in the and Sienkiewicz's Story of a Bull-fight,' hope of refreshing a jaded constitution. which is highly descriptive, and will be Romans drank the blood of gladiators to found in the volume entitled 'Sielanka and cure the epilepsy. Celsus remarked that other Stories.' Edgar Saltus attempted the the remedy was worse than the disease! same thing in Mr. Incoul's Misadventure.' In this story he describes a bull-fight at San Sebastian. In the way of pictures of bull-fights there is the work of Goya, 'La Taureaumachie,' containing forty fine illustrations. Richard Ford wrote preliminary explanations, &c., to Lake Price's Tauromachia, or the bull-fights of Spain, illustrated by twenty-six plates representing the most remarkable incidents and scenes in the arenas of Madrid, Seville, and Cadiz,' 1852. In a Spanish bull-fight nothing is economized but the horses. The horses are lean and aged, and it has been remarked that there is not one of them but is fit only for the dog kennel of an English_squire, or the carriage of a French peer. If it is asked concerning a wounded horse why he is not killed at once, the reply comes he only costs six dollars." Reports of bull-fights in Spanish papers contain such statements as thirteen horses were killed-the weather mild and serene." I find it pointed out by one authority that it is 66 "in truth a piteous sight to see poor mangled horses treading out their entrails. In the pagan sacrifices the quivering entrails trembling with life proved the most propitious omens." With reference to that part of the query which relates to horses, it must be remembered that the Greeks associated Death with the horse. In the Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. xviii. (1898), the subject of this association is discussed learnedly by Mr. A. W. Verrall, and I would advise the querist to read the article. Much valuable information as to sacrificial rites in connexion with the horse may be found scattered through the volumes of the last edition of Sir James Frazer's book The Golden Bough.' There are three bibliographical books which deal with bull-fighting, and these are : 'Bibliografia de la Tauromaquia,' by Luis Carmena y Millan. Madrid, 1883. 'Tauromaquia. Apuntes Bibliograficos.' Apendice a la Bibliografia de la Tauromaquia. Madrid, 1888. Catalogo de la Biblioteca Taurina de Luis Carmena y Millan.' Madrid, 1903. None of these contains references to English books on the subject. I propose to give only a few, and those such as I think may assist principally. Another volume containing ninety-six sketches of bull-fights was issued at Gibraltar in 1886. The second edition of Pepe Illo's book is illustrated with excellent engravings. A. L. HUMPHREYS. 187 Piccadilly, W. 66 THE DOMINICAN ORDER (12 S. ii. 510; iii. 31, 114). With regard to the apposite note quoted by MR. UDAL from Fosbroke, I should be interested to know what exactly after Complin till Tierce, is intended by Between praying 100 or 200 times a day." the hours of Compline and Tierce, Matins, Lauds, and Prime with the Martyrology are said. Does this refer "100 or 200 times to the recitation of the Rosary, or to private devotions? Castiglio, describing the Dominican religious of the thirteenth century, tells us that Compline was their favourite hour, and that all the night through the church was never empty, whilst the brethren enjoyed the sweets of uninterrupted silence and devotion. In the three English-speaking Provinces,* owing to the rudeness of the climate and stress of active work, the midnight office is anticipated or else postponed, so that the sleep may remain unbroken. Matins and Lauds are said either about 9 P.M. or 4 A.M., according to local custom and the season of the year. The Salve Regina,' if not Dominican in origin, has become so linked with the history of the Order as to be regarded as peculiarly its own. From the very earliest days it was Ford's Handbook for Spain,' 1845 edition, is one of the most valuable books_ever written in English upon Spain. From p. 177 onwards will be found a full account of a bull-fight. The same writer's Gather- * England, Ireland, and the United States. |