rupt heart is made whole, the vitiated nature is purified. Although they think it certain, that those who are regenerated and purified will enter into the kingdom of God, they are not so absurd as to imagine that this will be effected without their caution and diligence; nor can they perceive how the instances of corrected human beings, mentioned in the scriptures, or the exhortations and warnings addressed in the Epistles to Christians, are at all inconsistent with their principles. If, in short, they are allowed to insist on a change of views and feelings as essential to the Christian character, and indispensable to the enjoyment of future happiness, they will leave it to his Lordship to consume to his time, in ascertaining whether it shall be styled regeneration, or repentance, or reformation, or renewing of the mind.

The great error, we are told, of the modern Calvinists, and of Mr. Overton in particular, on the subject of justification, lies in confounding together, justification and salvation. This confusion, we believe, is not to be found in their books. On this subject,we must say, they discover much greater perspicuity than our R. R. author. Justification, in their view, is but a branch of the great salvation. They consider man as guilty and depraved. To meet his necessities in the first case, the gospel, they say, proposes the remission of sins, and acceptance into the favour of God-which they call justification; and as adapted to him in the second case, they affirm that the Holy Spirit is afforded to renew the heart, and effectually to assist him in the performance of his duty. Agreeably to this, they assert that we must not only enter, but continue, in a state of justification by faith alone-not by the virtue of good works: since, as our author himself instucts us, a claim from works, and grace through faith, are incompatible;' and 'Christians are taught, after they have done all, to rely humbly and solely upon the merits and mediation of their blessed Redeemer, for acceptance at the throne of grace.'* With this branch of the common salvation, they represent the other-a renewed and purified mind-as indissolubly connected; and are not, therefore, like the writer before us, guilty of making the part totally different from the whole of which it is a part, or of making a thing turn on itself.

As the modern Calvinists reject the doctrine of reprobation, the reasoning of our dignified author, to prove that the future punishment of the wicked is the just reward of their present disobedience, will have their concurrence: and since he maintains that a certain number are pre-ordained to enjoy eternal happiness, the only thing they will contest with him, is, whether this purpose is the cause of the happiness of such * Pp. 110, 113.

individuals, or their qualification for the happiness the cause of the purpose. Although he supports the negative of the former, and the affirmative of the latter inquiry, yet (if we except, to say the least, some very forced and unnatural explanations of certain passages of scripture on which the Calvinists found their doctrine,) the only objection, of any weight, that he brings against it is, its inconsistency with the justice and goodness of the Supreme Being. He rejects their doctrine, because he is unable to reconcile it with those attributes of the Deity. We are not, perhaps, under any great obligation to our learned author; and yet we shall take some pains to put him in the way of conceiving how the predestination of modern Calvinists comports with infinite justice and goodness; -though the Calvinists may give us little thanks for our officiciousness. His Lordship can conceive, that it is consistent with the justice and goodness of God to pronounce sentence of condemnation on the finally impenitent; and, in consequence of foreseeing this impenitence, to determine, before the foundation of the world, on pronouncing such a sentence. While, therefore, it is consistent with his infinite justice and goodness, to determine on dooming to future misery those who, he foresees, will not perform the duties they had both faculties and opportunities to discharge; it is also consistent with the same divine attributes to impart to some individuals, greater and more valuable favours than to others. This, also, we think it will be easy for our author to conceive; since the Israclites were, for a series of ages, favoured above all the nations of the earth; and they who now enjoy the blessings of Christian instruction, are in an incomparably more advantageous situation, for the attainment of future happiness, than the inhabitants of California, for instance, or Japan. It is impossible to assign the limits to which it might be consistent with goodness and equity to favour some individuals beyond others. In perfect harmony with the equity and beneficence of his nature, the Supreme Being may place some men in such favourable situations, afford them such teachers and such examples, and impart to them such a measure of his holy influence, as shall effect their conversion, and certainly prepare them for the enjoyment of his beatifying presence. What he may do in time, he might purpose to do before time was The predestination of the modern Calvinists, therefore, may be supported, without offering violence to the equity and benevolence of the divine nature.

Although we have been as brief as we well could, in order. to be intelligible, our readers perhaps begin to be weary. We must beg leave, however, before we conclude, to advert

In

to the folly of attempting to write down the 'evangelical preachers,' whether they are found in the church or among dissenters. If their doctrine does not agree with that of the established formularies, at least the shades of difference areso fine and delicate as to be quite imperceptible to vulgar eyes. In attempting to confute them from scripture, those who pay an ordinary deference to that ultimate rule of faith and practice, are involved in endless contradictions, or have recourse to subtleties scarcely intelligible even to themselves. In this contest, therefore, the preachers' will always have the superiority in public opinion; for men in general will never be able to distinguish their tenets from those of the scripture and the established forms, to which they bear so near aresemblance. Such persons, on the other hand, as are pleased to declaim on the pernicious tendency of evangelical' instruction, and the mischievous manner in which those who impart it, perform the public and private duties of their office, while they render themselves unspeakably ridiculous, have, in point of fact, no more real efficiency, than if they vociferated in the wilderness. Quite unmoved with the outcry, the preachers continue at work just as before. season and out of season they are intent on disseminating the grand and fundamental principles of their Christian belief. As for the tendency' of their instructions, it is manifested in the civilization of the half barbarous, in the reformation of the profligate, in ardent devotion and active charity; while by visiting the sick, by consoling the distressed, by instructing the poor, by relieving the necessitous, they effectually secure the esteem and affection of their followers. Not satisfied with diffusing their doctrine in the dark and uncultivated. parts of the empire, with effecting moral reformátion and, improvement among their countrymen, as if they meditated the conquest of the whole earth, in all directions they send forth their missionaries; who discover a zeal and diligence corresponding with the extent and grandeur of their undertaking, and in many cases meet with success proportioned to the benevolence of their intentions. Assuredly these men are not to be overpowered by small pamphlets, or large volumes. Those who oppose them must change their mode of warfare. If they propound a purer and more useful system of faith and manners, they must, in order to gain an ascendancy, acquire a more ardent zeal, make greater sacrifices, and employ more vigorous and better concerted exertions than the evangelical preachers; and not expect to vanquish in the closet those who are already spread over the face of the land.

Art. IV. Descriptive Travels in the Southern and Eastern Parts of Spain, and the Balearic Isles, in the year 1809. By Sir John Carr, K. C. 4to. pp. 400. Price 21. 2s. Sherwood, Neely, and Jones; Faulder, and Rodwell; and J. M. Richardson. 1811.

AN

N old acquaintance of the most renowned of all English knights, seeing him lying in the counterfeited semblance of death in the field of Shrewsbury, is represented to have said, that he could better have spared a better man.' The gallant and facetious personage whose sixth travelling adventure is here narrated, is grown into such familiarity, and, as it should seem, favour, with the public, that though he is by no means held the foremost man of his class,though great liberties have been taken with his literary character, in courts of law and courts of criticism,-though good plenty of jeers and sarcasms have been expended on him from much less dignified and authoritative quarters, and though he constantly exacts largely on the purses of those who wish to know what he has been about,-— yet he is more in request than divers of his contemporaries, who at less expence would instruct us more, and therefore ought not to please us less. It is but a short time, comparatively, since the tickets for his last entertainment were paid for; and yet in this interval we have several times heard, and several times even ourselves repeated, the inquiry, Where can Sir John Carr be all this while? How happens it that we hear nothing from Sir John Carr? After all sorts of men that sail, ride, walk, eat, drink, and even sleep for the express purpose of subsequent exhibition in Paternoster-row-adventurers military, clerical, medical, commercial, sportive, sentimental, and philosophic-have brought home, from this and the other country, relations of battles and sieges, political maxims, quarterly or monthly constitutions of government, sketches of scenery, caricatures of manners, anecdotes of the prince, the innkeeper, and the mule-driver, dialogues with Jacinta, and secret history of the monastery, there still seems something wanting till Sir John shall have galloped along the very same roads, and related the occurrences of the race in elegant quarto.

But the most fortunate adventurer may presume too far on his favour with the public; and we doubt whether it evinces any improvement gained in the article of prudence, during our knight's recent excursion, that, at the same price as that of his last volume of travels, he here gives (with almost 150 pages less of letter-press,) only half the allowance of plates-the number being but six, which,

indeed, is barely a third of the number given in the last but one of his formier tours. He can hardly be unaware, what a very considerable share of his success is owing to his decorations; and therefore we cannot help surmising that he is here tacitly, but consciously, taking a final leave of the public as a writer of travels; and, persuaded that he shall have no more need of their good-will and candour, sends out a work of which he judges he may trust the success to the impression left by his preceding performances,but which, from the very great diminution in one of the capital and most essential recommendations, would not, he knows, contribute to secure the same predisposition in favour of another appearance in the same character. We may surely presume we cannot be at variance with Sir John's own opinion, in setting so material a value on an advantageous point of distinction which he took the pains to give to his former works: but then neither can he refuse to concur with our opinion of the inferior value of a work prossessing so very much less of this advantage, especially when that work is expressly denominated Descriptive,' and is avowedly composed in conformity to that denomination, If his auspicious destiny has led him at length into a delightful region, in 'locos lætos et amoena vireta'-where the happy termination of his wanderings will be the conclusion of his writing books of travels, we congratulate, him on his good fortune; thank him for all the entertainment which he has traversed so many parts of Europe to enable himself to supply; and proceed, as in duty bound, to notice this last series of his adventures, which was performed with the knight's accustomed activity and inquisitiveness, and is narrated with his wonted ease, vivacity, and good humour.-We give his own account of the nature of his performance.

The principal character of the work is intended to be descriptive, particularly of scenery and manners; if I am occasionally minute, it is only for the sake of illustration.' 'At the same time, I have not altogether omitted such recent political events as are connected with my subject, or which occurred under my own observation. The per fidious and cruel irruption of the French into Spain, and many events which have occurred in consequence, have furnished much new matter since the publication of most other Spanish Tours; and of the Balearic Isles, I have never met with any descriptive accounts. To these, countries the following pages are confined, but my tour extended

much farther in the Mediterranean. In Sardinia, I found a country extremely interesting, and, I believe, but little known. It is now

* We think we have seen something to this effect in the newspapers,