me in Dutch; and while walking towards the waggons, he looked upward to the sun, muttering something with his mouth, while the tears flowed from his eyes. He first asked me if we had victuals. I answered, Not much. He then said he had got no cattle but what were his father's; and asked me whether I knew his father. I asked who his father was. He said Taay is my Father; you call him Jesus Christ, I call him Taay. I replied, I hoped I knew him. He then asked me if I knew him (viz. Makanna). I said, Only from report. He said 1 should know him to-morrow by noon. He then gave us a fat heifer, and said, That is for you to kill, because you are my Father's children. The Caffres (he added) do not know my Father; they will not listen to his word; but they will have to burn. He then returned home. We had the heifer killed, and placed over our waggon, &c.

In the afternoon, about 300 Caffres being collected, Brother Jan Tzatzoo preached from John iii. 16, "God so loved the world," &c. when the Caffres listened with the greatest attention; and when it was over, went all away to pray; but some not far from the waggons; and many were close together on their knees.

There were many Hottentots; two of whom (females) appeared to know Christ; the one, from hearing our late Brother Vanderkemp at Graaf Reinet; the other had heard the Gospel from the Hottentots of the Cape regiment. Her husband had lately run away to the Caffres. I asked him why he had done so? He said he had for three years successively asked leave to go to Bethelsdorp for instruction; but that he had always been driven from one Boor to the other; that the Hottentots had the name of a free people, but that many of them were no better than slaves; he had, therefore, chosen to be a slave to the Caffres.

When I was with Makanna, he said that God had revealed to him that he must speak to the Caffres boldly. He said he could not drink wine, brandy, nor milk; for his heart was sore, because wicked men had killed his Taay without cause.

21st. Lord's Day. Had a prayermeeting; and about 11 o'clock, many Caffres being assembled, Brother Jan preached from Galatians i. When he had finished his discourse, Ma

kanna began. He commenced with the Creation, the Fall of Man, the Deluge, which event he proved from shells being found on the tops of the highest mountains. He upbraided the Caffres for their blindness and hardness of heart; said that they drank water without thinking of the water of life; they go through the thorns without thinking that Taay was crowned with thorns. He said that God would come again, not with water but with fire;-that Dali (God) first sent to them Jankanna (Dr. Vanderkemp) but that they would not listen to him, and he had left them; that he had, gone first to the Boors, and then to the despised nation (the Hottentots) who had received the word;-that Dali now had raised up a raw Caffre to warn them; and, above all, had now sent Jankanna's son, and the child Tzatzoo, to bear witness to the word; --that the Caffres clung to their wives and concubines; but they must know that they had to do with the living God;-that now he should not speak a single word more to them, but leave what he had said to their consideration. After this, I spoke in Dutch.— There were about a thousand present.

Old Slambi arrived just after service, and asked for some brandy; and his people hearing that there was none, seemed dissatisfied; but he pacified them, by saying he never got such things at Jankanna's place.

a

I had some conversation with Makanna. He seemed to have a general knowledge of the Fall of Adam, the Deluge, the Motion of the Earth, the Crucifixion of Christ, Eternal Punishment, &c. but was deficient in a real knowledge of himself, and of the gospel: he also entertained most strange notion of his birth, as derived from the same mother as Christ; but I sometimes thought that, when he should gain more light, he would find that this is the new birth, through which he might call Christ his brother. He said that he never made long discourses to the Caffres; for they would forget the first part by listening to the last; he said a little to them at a time, and bade them go and think of it, and come again; that although the Caffres would not at first listen, he felt it his duty to continue preaching. Taay would one day breathe his wind into their mouths, ears, &c. and then they would be obedient.

--

Our people observed a Caffre constantly weeping; and speaking to him, found he belonged to Hinza's Caffres, next to the Tambookies. He said that, for a year past, he had felt himself to be a sinner, and was disgusted with all the Caffres did; that he could tell them a great many things of what he experienced, but he was afraid they would say he only wanted to be a captain among them. We observed that when the service was concluded, all the Caffres withdrew to pray.

22d. The Caffres assembled early, to consult about the object of our coming into the country, &c. The meeting was opened by Boklo, one of the uncles of our young chief. The following chiefs were present:-Slambi, his brother, and four sons; TzatZoo, four brothers, and two sons; Kobus Congo and brother; Caliba and Makanna.

Boklo thanked the chiefs for their attendance at such a meeting, convened for such a purpose. He also thanked Taay (Christ) for sending such men with the word of God; for, notwithstanding Makanna made known to them the word of God, he feared that, through the corruption of their hearts, just as little as they had attended to Jankanna's message, so little would they take heed to his. He hoped, therefore, that the Missionaries would meet with no opposition; that he thought the Caffres had lived long enough in sin and igno

rance.

Kobus Congo (after making an apology for his inability to speak in such an assembly) said he had received the Missionaries at his place with joy, because he had long known Jankanna's son (Mr. Read) and thanked God for their arrival; and hoped they would be received in love by the Caffres; that his late father had always told him, that man has an immortal soul, and when a man dies, only a part of him is dead; that he was very ignorant, and wishing to become acquainted with these things, he was anxious for a Missionary; and if none of the chiefs would receive Mr. Williams, he would.

Slambi's brother and sons thanked God for the Missionaries; and hoped that there would now be peace in the country.

Old Slambi said that he was thankful for the word; that he was willing

that an end should be put to shedding blood, theft, and witchcraft; but that it was impossible for him to put away his young wives.

Our young chief said that the Missionaries had no authority to command in such cases, but only to make known the will of God; that he thought their manner of living was worse than that of the beasts; and he hoped they would feel it, &c.

Makanna then addressed the assembly with great boldness, saying, that what he had said was the truth; and that if they would not leave sin, they might expect the consequences; - that God had first made one man, and from him he had taken a rib ;— that he thought if man was to have had more wives than one, God would have made more for Adam; and wished to know what authority the Caffres had to keep more. No one gave an answer, and the meeting broke up; the above-mentioned chiefs then came and breakfasted with us.

We spread a mat in the tent, and all sat round on the ground; and although their naked appearance was disgusting, yet their company was very agreeable. My new tent, however, soon became as red as the Caffres' bodies and carosses. After breakfast we conversed again about the mission; and Slambi said that he wished Makanna would point out a proper place. Makanna asked many questions about the King of England, his father, the constitution of England, &c.; likewise many of a religious kind.

We asked Slambi's opinion about going to Geika, but he declined giving any answer; and Makanna seemed to think it was best for Brother Williams to settle in his neighbourhood, and not to go to Geika.

I asked Makanna to tell me about his conversion. He said that a large fire was presented before him, and that there were persons who had got hold of him to throw him into it, but that Taay came and delivered him. He it was who told him that he had once sent Jankanna to the Caffres, but they would not listen; that he must now go and make known his will to them. I asked him to tell me the particulars of what he knew of Christ; but he said he could not do this now, for he should burst into tears.

The Caffres admired the red poles

of my tent above all things, and said that it was a pity that they could not get such red paint to paint their own bodies, as that would serve once for all. I told them that that would be attended with one great inconvenience; for they would be obliged to stand in one posture for several days, that it might dry upon them. This occasioned a laugh.

23d. Slambi, with many of the Caffres, went away. He begged that presents of looking-glasses, &c. might be sent to them. I had a conversation with Shubola, the Caffre from Hinza. He said, about a year ago he had such a view of his sins and of Hell, that he had not known where to flee; but that he had called on the name of the Lord, although he did not otherwise know him, but got a little hope. I asked him what he prayed for. He said for a new heart. About noon we left Makanna for old Tzatzoo's. We rode along a mountain a long time, and then descended it till we came to the Keirkamma River, where we had a great deal to cut and work through and soon after we crossed it, we had to span out on a gold mountain.

24th. We went forward to the East, passed many kraals and immense gardens, or corn fields, and came to height, from whence we could see the mountains at Graham's Town. Brother Williams, myself, Valentyn, and a Caffre of Tzatzoo's, took a nearer road on horse-back; saw many hertebeests very tame; about two o'clock we arrived. The old chief and his eldest son were preparing an ox skin for a cloke; and, as their custem is, they took little notice of us; but one fetched us some milk; but Jan's sister having died, they said he could not drink of this milk. They were all in the beast kraal, some working, some smoking, &c.; and after our arrival many more assembled, and the women brought pumpkins, Indian corn, &c. &c. Jan's brother and sister cried and spoke with much feeling of the word of God. Brother Jan preached from Rev. i. 7: there was much attention; and at the conclusion all went to pray.

25th. Conversed with old Tzatzoo about Brother Williams and Jan, where they should settle. Why," says he, "Here is one of the best ivers in Caffre-land; you are my

XXIV,

friends; and thus, from the connection between us, I cannot permit your settling anywhere else. I have the first claim, and especially on my son.” I asked him if he would introduce other customs. He said he had not sent his son for an education, and then to return and conform to them: but to teach him, his children, and people, how they were to act. He might build, cultivate, dress, &c. &c. as he pleased. Jan preached again; some were affected; and one man afterwards said that he was not an entire stranger to what was said; for some months he had felt that nothing on earth could satisfy him; that he was a great sinner, and he was rejoiced to hear the word of God.

We rode to the river, which we found running nearly from east to west; but we heard that it soon after turns southward, towards the sea. The water is about four times as strong as that of the Kruman, running from the mountains of the Bushmen behind Caffraria. It is only to lead it out; and there are large plains that might be cultivated. The soil is richer here than in any other part of Caffraria which we had seen; the corn more abundant, and of a finer quality; the grass likewise better, and the nountains a little to the north covered with wood of various kinds to the very tops. From hence it is only a day and a half's journey to the Tambookies. Hinza, a young chief, considered as lawful sovereign of Caffraria, resides between this place and the Tambookies, to the north-east; but is expected to come and reside directly on the east side of Somerset River.

I obtained the following information from an intelligent man, who had lived long with Hinza's people, and speaks very good Dutch. He said that he, and other Caffres, hearing of a large river called Broad River, on the opposite side of which was a town, and that the natives on this side had sometimes an opportunity of bartering different articles with the people living there, had set out on a journey, and passed the following tribes, all belonging to the Tambookies:-Tzatzoo, Voesani, Komboesh, Thokaas, and Oomisevooboo. The last reside at the mouth of the river or bay; that coming here they could see a town at a great distance, on the op3 K

it; that opposite this town was an island, by which the ships anchor; and the people going on board, go first from the continent to the island; that they (namely, the party of Caffres) on coming to the Oomsevooboos, turned to the left, and found a large district, of what he called Bogaries, who have their ground well cultivated, and an abundance of poultry, fruit-trees, &c. that they then came to a nation of cannibals; and one of the party being caught and slaughtered, they fled back again. They gained, however, information that this nation of cannibals, called the Seanda, interinarry with a tribe of the Bootshuanas, perhaps the red Caffres, as they are reported to be very savage. His statement of the distance, however, made the narrative doubtful; for he said that it was not more than 10 days journey from where we were. It is pretty well ascertained, however, from other people, that there is a nation of cannibals in that direction.

We met likewise with a Hottentot, who had formerly been at Bethelsdorp, who was come from large kraals of Hottentots living in their ancient way among the Bushmen, behind the mountains north-east of Caffraria. They marry with the Bushmen, who are said to be tame; and he affirmed that a Missionary would be received most gladly. Their chief is a brother to one of the members of our church, and who is going as an assistant with Brother Williams. Their country they say is well wooded and watered, and abounding with game.

We prepared to leave Tzatzoo on the morrow; but the Caffres were displeased; as they said they were just becoming hungry and thirsty for the word, and now we were going to leave them; but the old chief agreed to accompany us to Makanna's, to give in his sentiments about Mr. Williams residing with him.

26th. Spanned in carly; the Caffres being assembled, we sung. Jan gave an exhortation, and committed the kraal to God in prayer. One of his brothers wept much. We spanned out at noon, near a wood, and were soon surrounded by many Cafires, whom our people exhorted to prayer,

&c.

In the afternoon we fell in with a large party of Caffres hunting, perhaps 50, with nearly twice the num

27th. We arrived early at Makanna's kraal, and were disappointed in not finding Geika; there was, how ever, a message from him, saying, that he could not come immediately, as he had received a message from Colonel Cuyler to collect together the stolen cattle, and send them back, &c. We, therefore, resolved to proceed to Geika as quickly as possible. We found there was a misunderstanding. Makanna had engaged to send a message to Geika, which he seemed not to have done; and we evidently saw that Makanna and Slambi wished to act independently of Geika, first, perhaps, from a principle of superiority; and, secondly, fearing Geika might oppose the coming of Missionaries. On the other hand, we were given to understand that we had the sanction of the greatest part of the nation, and that if would be difficult for him to hinder it. We had a meeting with Makanna and Tzatzoo about the place of Mr. Williams's residence. Tzatzoo pleaded for his coming to him, and pointed out where he could have his station. Makanna said that he thought Hinza would settle at Somerset River; and the question was, whether there would then be room for the Missionary. It was signified that a large extent was not needed; and Tzatzoo said he was sure that Hinza would be satisfied. Makanna seemed not very well pleased at Mr. Williams's not resolving to stay with him; but likewise said that he had no suitable place; said he should ask Government permission to settle on the west side of the Fish River within the colony.

28th. Being Lord's Day, had a prayer-meeting carly. I preached, at 11 o'clock, from Hebrews vii. 25. There were several Hottentots in tears. When I had done, Jan preached and prayed in the Caffre language. After service, an old woman had some difficulty in getting away to the Bushes, weeping very much; and after she returned she rolled on the ground, crying out that she was no human being, but a monster of iniquity. We