ble happiness as forms the vain vision of they will not readily give way to any dissome to whom the world is utterly unknown. tressful forebodings. And, in joy or in sorThey know our two friends know that row, nothing possible to man will ever, in for trouble, for sorrow, even, they must from heart or spirit, pluck them asunder one from time to time, be prepared. But this we another. They are no more two, but one. may safely say of them, that the troubles And alone, whatever betide them in life, which, as told in our story, have been given they never can truly be. The love, which them to bear, have served to fortify them rose into being one April Sunday at Minchagainst any common sorrow, which may, ley will abide unbroken for ever; not to from time to time, rise up to vex their spirits. perish out of existence- even when the Certainly, there is little cause for supposing common doom overtakes them, and the days that the trials to come will approach in of their years be themselves like a tale that painfulness the trials which have gone; and, is told. having surmounted and survived so much,

CARDINAL CULLEN, in his Lenten pastoral, struction of the Russian-American Telegraph; inveighs against novel reading, "the danger- in fact on many maps the Yukon was traced as ous amusements of the theatre," and "those an affluent of an imaginary river emptying into improper and immodest dances unworthy of the Arctic Ocean, but explorations have deterany Christian Society." The Cardinal regards mined the great geographical face which places waltzing with horror and the opera with detes- the Knitchpek at the head of all rivers on the tation, and yet, curious enough, when the Ital-northwest coast, and giving Russian America ian company pays its periodical visit to Dublin the largest river north of 49 degrees. his Eminence permits them to sing in his met ropolitan church, so that his fair parishioners who have courage enough to go and hear Mozart's "Don Giovanni on Saturday night may hear the same artists in Mozart's No. 12 on Sunday afternoon. Of course it would not do to let the devil have the best of music, but if the Cardinal permits the ceremonies of his Church to be aided by a theatrical company it is rather hard to abuse the play-house in which their living is obtained. — London Review.

to no son

LESSING. Since Luther, Germany has given birth to no such intellectual athlete so German to the core. Greater poets she has had, but no greater writer, no nature more finely tempered. Nay, may we not say that great character is as rare a thing as great genius, if it be not even anobler form of it? For surely it is easier to embody fine thinking, or delicate sentiment, or lofty aspiration, in a book than in a life. The written leaf, if it be as some few are, a safe-keeper and conductor of A LONG RIVER IN RUSSIAN AMERICA.- celestial fire, is secure. Poverty cannot pinch, The largest, most important, and the chief and passion swerve, or trial shake it. But the man queen of all the rivers west of the Rocky Moun- Lessing, harassed and striving life-long, always tains, and north of 49 degrees north latitude, poor and always helpful, with no patron but is the great Knitchpek, which enters into Behr- his own right hand, the very shuttlecock of foring's Sea, between 64 and 65 degrees north lati- tune, who saw ruin's ploughshare drive through tude, by several mouths, and on the parallel of the hearth on which his first home-fire was 165 degrees west longitude. This great river hardly kindled, and who, through all, was faithhas an easterly course for some five degrees, ful to himself, to his friend, to his duty, and to then bends abruptly to the north some four de- his ideal, is something more inspiring for us grees, thence nearly east to a point not far dis- than the most glorious utterance of merely intant from the British frontier, where it receives tellectual power. The figure of Goethe is the Porcupine or Rat River,, from the north- grand, it is rightfully preëmment, it has someeast, and the Yukon from the southeast; the thing of the calm, and something of the coldjunction of these two rivers forms the Knitch-ness, of the immortals; but the Valhalla of pek; it is navigable to the sea, a distance of one German letters can show one form, in its simple thousand miles, by steamboats. This river had manhood, statelier even than his.- North never been seen by white men in its whole American Review. Course previous to explorations for the con

From the Philadelphia Press.

DICKENS'S DEALINGS WITH AMERICANS.

notices of a new edition of that story, the newspaper critics of New York and Boston rarely said more than that it had “ some cuts." New designs were also made by Mr. McLenan for "Great Expectations," and paid for on the same liberal scale.

MR. CHARLES DICKENS has always been loud in his complaints against what he calls the "piracy" of American publishers. We After Harper & Brothers had got their see it announced in the New York Tribune money's worth out of Mr. Dickens's succes that, when Ticknor & Fields issued the first sive works, by issuing them in the manner number of their Diamond edition of Dick- above mentioned, they transferred the enens, they sent him two hundred pounds, in gravings and their interest in the works, to order that he should share the profits, and T. B. Peterson & Brothers of this city, who that Mr. Dickens wrote back, saying, "I shared their payments to Mr. Dickens and think you know how high and far beyond the cost of engraving the illustrations here. the money's worth I esteem this act of man- It is well known that, in this manner, Messrs. hood, delicacy, and honor. I have never Peterson have acquired a possession, which derived greater pleasure from the receipt was generally accepted, until lately, as of money in all my life." No doubt, he was equivalent to copyright, of Dickens, and, unsurprised as well as pleased at receiving der this they have published various edi£200, which he had not bargained for, but the above statement, and particularly the quotation from the letter, might convey the idea that it was an unusual thing for Mr. Dickens to receive money from the United States on account of his writings.

Such an impression would be entirely erroneous, for Mr. Dickens has derived a considerable part of his income from monies paid him for advance sheets of his various works. A long time ago Harper Brothers of New York, desirous of securing and retaining in their own hands the exclusive sale of his works, have paid him large sums for each as it appeared. Since the first issue of Harpers' Magazine, and, subsequently of Harpers' Weekly, each new work by Dickens has been published in these periodicals, by special arrangement with the author, almost simultaneously with their appearance in London. Impressions of the illustrations, chiefly on steel, were sent over here with the advance sheets, and put in the hands of good artists, who copied and reproduced them on wood. In the instance of" A Tale of Two Cities," which appeared in London without any illustrations, Harper & Brothers, had sixty-four original designs made for that work and engraved on wood, at a cost of $2,000. Yet, in recent

tions.

Mr. Dickens, who is overcome with the "greater pleasure" of a £200 gift, knew how to drive a pretty hard bargain with Harper & Brothers, and (through them) with T. B. Peterson. He has received many thousand pounds, in gold, for advancesheets. Not having access to Messrs. Harpers' books, we cannot name the exact amount, but happen to know that, for his last three books alone, he was paid £3,250, in gold. The sums he received were £1,000 for " A Tale of Two Cities," £1,250 for "Great Expectations," and £1,000 for " Our Mutual Friend." At the average price of gold while these three works were paid for, and at the rate of exchange, the sum disbursed to Mr. Dickens, for these alone, was over $24,000 in greenbacks, and we dare say, the various sums remitted to him, for advance-sheets only, by Harpers and Petersons, from first to last, will be found, when added up, to make a total of over $60,000. But any one reading his letter would naturally fancy that the £200 sent him from Boston was all that he had ever received from American publishers. The sum of £3,250, in hard cash, for advance-sheets of his three latest works, tells a very different story.

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31

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found sensation of regret wherever it is read. | considerations buoy us with some hope that On the receipt of this mournful intelligence, Dr. Livingstone has not at this time met Dr. Seward, our acting consul at Zanzibar, the tragic end that has before been reported and Dr. Kirk, the vice-consul, who accompanied Dr. Livingstone on his Zambesi expedition, proceeded to Quiloa, a port on the main land, in order to institute inquiries among the Nyassa traders, whereby the truth might, if possible, be elicited.

of him, but that he is even now prosecuting his task in the interior, if he be not actually on the Tanganyika. Should he be alive, some months mnst necessarily elapse before we can hear from him, unless some chance Arab trader should be passing on his way to the coast. Until we have stronger confirmatory evidence of his death, we will not. chant the requiem over this brave explorer, whom report has more than once killed before.

The result of these inquiries, and the evidence of travellers both at home and abroad who are acquainted with the Johanna people, afford us those rays of hope to which we still cling. Dr. Seward says that the information he has obtained tends to throw We must confess, however, that the probdiscredit on the entire story. The Nyassa abilities are against our hopes. Dr. Kirk, traders express their belief that when Dr. the companion of Livingstone, does not conLivingstone was about to enter what was ceal his belief in the story which the Johanknown to be a Mazite-haunted country, the na men have told him. There is no man who nine Johanna men deserted him, and invent- is more thoroughly acquainted with their peed the story of his murder to screen them- culiar characteristics, or whose sagacity selves from punishment, and to obtain sym- would be less likely to be deceived by any pathy from the people on the coast. Moosa, of Moosa's fabrications. He had, moreover, who is rather more intelligent than the ma- the acquaintance of Moosa on the Zambesi jority of his race, is well known to some of expedition, and would not fail to make due the members of the Zambesi expedition, to allowance for a certain extravagance of which he and some of his friends were at- statement. He knew, besides, what a sentached. We believe that all who have ever sation a report of Dr. Livingstone's death come in contact with these Johanna people would create in England, and would cerunite in describing them as infamous liars, tainly hesitate before he became the meon whose word no reliance whatever can be dium of its transmission if he were not conplaced, while Moosa himself who says he vinced of its correctness. His subsequent saw Dr. Livingstone fall-is described as investigations only appear to have confirmthe "prince of liars." His superior intelli- ed his worst fears, and his opinions are gence only assists the lying propensities of shared by Sir Samuel Baker, Mr. Baines, his nature to a more cunning application, and other eminent men who are qualified to though he does not always escape detection. express themselves on the subject. The MaIt is, therefore, obvious that we should hes-zite are a savage tribe who wander about in itate before we give up Dr. Livingstone for the part of Africa indicated as the scene of dead simply on the evidence of these Jo- Dr. Livingstone's murder, and make it a hanna people. They all agree in stating practice to slaughter everything that comes that the Doctor was killed by a single gash in their way, to maintain the terror of their across the neck, and that they buried him; name. The Doctor came in contact with but there are glaring inconsistencies in other parts of their story. It is by no means improbable that on this occasion they may have exhibited a weakness for which they have credit-viz., that of deserting their leader and inventing a story about his death. This story once coined, it is usually repeated around the camp-fires at night until each has learnt it by heart, and thus uniformity is secured in the tale which each may be called upon to tell. If, as they assert, Dr. Livingstone is really dead, why, it is asked, did they not bring back some relic which should authenticate their statement? And as they assert that some of the Doctor's faithful negroes also escaped, why have they not found their way to the coast, as well as the Johanna people, to confirm the tale? These

them on the Shire, and in the fray some of them were killed. This they would not be likely to forget, but would take the first opportunity of getting revenge. Dr. Living stone was also known to be a strenuous and determined opponent to the slave trade, and had probably excited the hatred and hostility of the tribe engaged in that nefarious traffic. These influences acting on their own savage natures would be quite sufficient to induce the Mazite to attack and murder him whenever they had the chance of doing so. A great deal of nonsense will undoubtedly be written with reference to this unhappy report, and a remark has already appeared in print which ought to be noticed. It has been said that Dr. Livingstone's death by the blow of an axe is highly improbable,

since the tribes of Southern Africa do not | menace either to Holland, to Belgium, or use axes. This may be true of some of the to France, would, in fact, have been savages inhabiting the southern portion of scarcely noticed, except by the Dutch, hapthe continent, but not of all; and those who py to be relieved of their Sovereign's are stated to have killed Dr. Livingstone Schleswig-Holstein. It is probable, therecarry a weapon of the kind which would easily kill a man in the manner described. At present, as we have shown, the chances are against Dr. Livingstone's return, and the rays of hope are very faint. Yet, as Sir Roderick Murchison insists, those rays are not altogether gone, and may possibly brighten into reality. If such should happily be the case, the whole civilized world will rejoice + at his safety; but if the brave explorer has really fallen a martyr to African research, there will be few who will deny that, of all who have penetrated the wilds of that savage land, it may well be said of Livingstone as Macaulay said of Chatham, "Fow have left a more stainless, and none a more splendid name."

From the Spectator, 6 April.

LUXEMBURG.

THERE is a scent of danger in this Luxemburg business. The demi-official accounts are still not entirely in accord, but none of them tend to diminish the gravity of the situation. It appears to be quite certain that the Emperor of the French, who is aware that every enlargement of their frontier is acceptable to Frenchmen, and who three years ago bought Mentone from its Sovereign, the Duc de Valentinois, Prince de Monaco, or whatever the heir of the Grimaldis calls himself, agreed to buy the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg from its Grand Duke, the King of Holland, for four millions sterling. Whether the transaction commenced with an offer from the KingDuke, who has dissipated his share of the. vast private fortune accumulated by his predecessor out of his colonial monopolies, or with the Emperor himself, is still unknown, but the latter is the most probable. The natural course for the King-Duke was to offer his property to Germany. Prussia, he must have known, would have bought the Duchy, as Count von Bismarck acknowledged, and such a sale would have created no outcry and opened no loophole for the interference of Europe. Luxemburg belonged to the old Bund, and its inclusion within the new one would have involved no

fore, that the Emperor commenced the negotiation; but be that as it may, it was commenced and was carried to a conclusion as far as Holland was concerned. The KingDuke agreed to sell his rights and the Emperor agreed to buy them, and all that remained was to persuade the Luxemburgers to vote for annexation and to obtain the assent of the Prussian Court. The Luxemburgers, though Germans by race and language, are Catholic by creed, and what with the priests and the merchants, the hope of Catholic education and the certainty of free trade with France, they might not have proved quite so inexorable as they believe themselves to be. At Berlin, again, the Emperor, for some inexplicable reason, appears to have hoped for success. He cannot, indeed, exactly believe what he makes the Moniteur say, that on the dissolution of the Germanic Confederation Luxemburg became the absolute property of the House of Orange, for he knew that its capital was garrisoned by Prussians, who, whether as reversionary heirs of the Bund, or as invadders, or as allies acting under the Treaties of 1815, had, at all events, some rights. As a matter of strict legality, we believe Prussia has a right, under a still existent treaty between her and Holland, to garrison the fortress as a German outpost; but, at all events, there she is, and garrisons cannot be withdrawn without orders from the States they represent. Still the Emperor, who always hears soothing things from the Prussian Ambassador in Paris, may have imagined that Prussia would not contend for a territory so small, would, at all events, leave the matter to be decided by a popular vote. He forgot, it would almost seem,. the special position of Prussia, as chief of a federation. Luxemburg, whether within the new Confederation or not, is clearly German, as German as Bavaria, which also is outside the new pale, and to allow its cession to a non-German power would be a fatal precedent. Bavaria might one day sell the Palatinate, or Hesse its Trans-Rhenan districts, and Prussia would have no moral ground for arresting a cession which would destroy its moral claim to supremacy as avowed Protector of the whole German race. There is not the slightest evidence that Count von Bismarck, unscrupulous and despotic as he may be, is not as German as the most learned Professor of Heidelberg or