chill and comfortless chambers. When this tumult fubfides, a dead and ftill more frightful filence would reign in this defert, if every now and then the tacking of hammers did not announce that thofe conftant attendants upon all courts, in all ages, Jobbs, were ftill alive; for whole fake alone it is that any trace of ancient grandeur is fuffered to remain. These palaces are a true emblem of fome governments; the inhabitants are decayed, but the governors and magiftrates ftill flourish. They put me in mind of Old Sarum, where the reprefentatives, more in number than the conftituents, only ferve to inform us, that this was once a place of trade, and founding with "the bufy hum of men," though now you can only trace the streets by the colour of the corn; and its fole manufacture is in members of parliament." Talking of the great patent offices, Mr. Burke goes on thus: 66 Sir, I fhall be asked, why I do not chufe to destroy those offices which are penfions, and appoint penfions under the direct title in their ftead? I allow, that in fome cafes it leads to abuse; to have things appointed for one purpose, and applied to another. I have no great objection to fuch a change: but I do not think it quite prudent for me to propose it. If I fhould take away the prefent establishment, the burthen of proof rests upon me, that fo many penfions, and no more, and to fuch an amount each, and no more, are neceffary for the public service. This is what I can never prove; for it is a thing incapable of definition. I do not like to take away an object that I think answers my purpose, in hopes of getting it back again in a better fhape. People will bear an old establishment when its excess is corrected, who will revolt at a new one. I do not think thefe office-penfions to be more in number than fufficient: but on that point the Houfe will exercise its diferetion. As to abuse, I am convinced, that very few trufts in the ordinary courfe of administration have admitted lefs abufe than this. Efficient minifters have been their own paymafters. It is But their very partiality has operated as a kind of justice; and fill it was fervice that was paid. When we look over this exchequer lift, we find it filled with the defcendants of the Walpoles, of the Pelhams, of the Townfhends; names to whom this country owes its liberties, and to whom his majefty owes his crown, It was in one of these lines that the immenfe and envied employment he now holds came to a certain duke, * who is now probably fitting quietly at a very good dinner directly under us; and acting high life below flairs, whilft we, his mafters, are filling our mouths with unfubftantial founds, and talking of hungry economy over his head. But he is the elder branch of an ancient and decayed houfe, joined to and repaired by the reward of fervices done by another. I refpect the original title, and the first purchase of me true. 4 * Duke of Newcastle, whofe dining-room is under the House of Commons. vited wealth and honour, through all its defcents, through all its transfers, and all its affignments. May fuch fountains never dried up. May they ever flow with their original purd refresh and fructify the commonwealth for ages! Mr. Burke concludes his long and eloquent speech in the following beautiful and animated ftrain: Sir, all or most of these things must be done. Every one must take his part. * "If we should be able, by dexterity or power, or intrigue, to difappoint the expectations of our conflituents, what will it avail us? we fhall never be strong or artful enough to parry, or to put by the irresistible demands of our fituation. That fituation calls upon us, and upon our conftituents too, with a voice which will be heard. I am fure no man is more zealoufly attached than I ant to the privileges of this house, particularly in regard to the exclu five management of money. The lords have no right to the difpofition, in any fenfe, of the public purfe; but they have gone fur ther in felf-denial, than our utmost jealoufy could have required. A power of examining accounts, to cenfure, correct, and punish, we never, that I know of, thought of denying to the House of Lords. It is fomething more than a century fince we voted that body ufele's: they have now voted themselves fo. The whole hope of reformation is at length caft upon us; and let us not deceive the nation, which does us the honour to hope every thing from our virtue. If all the nation are not equally forward to prefs this duty upon us, yet be affured that they will all equally expect we fhould perform it. The refpetful filence of those who wait upon your pleasure, ought to be as powerful with you as the call of thofe who require your fervice as their right. Some, without doors, affect to feel hurt for your dignity, because they fuppofe that me naces are held out to you. Juftify their good opinion, by fhewing that no menaces are neceffary to ftimulate you to your duty.-But, Sir, whilst we may sympathize with them in one point who fympathize with us in another, we ought to attend no less to those who approach us like men, and who, in the guife of petitioners, fpeak to us in the tone of a concealed authority. It is not wife to force them to speak out more plainly, what they plainly mean. But the petitioners are violent. Be it fo. Thofe who are leaft anxious about your conduct are not those that love you most. Moderate affection and fatiated enjoyment are cold and refpe&ful; but an ar dent and injured paffion is tempered up with wrath and grief, and fhame, and confcious worth, and the maddening fenfe of violated right. A jealous love lights his torch from the firebrands of the furies. -They who call upon you to belong wholly to the people, are thofe who with you to return to your proper home; to the sphere of your duty, to the poft of your honour, to the manfion-house of all genuine, ferene, and folid fatisfaction. We have furnished to the * W. Dowdeswell, Efq; Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1765. VOL. XI. Hhh people people of England (indeed we have) fome real caufe of jealousy. Let us leave that fort of company which, if it does not destroy our : rece, pollutes our honour: let us free ourfelves at once from eiling that can increase their fufpicions, and inflame their refedement let us caft away from us, with a generous fcorn, all the love-tokens and fymbols that we have been vain and light enough to accept all the bracelets and fnuff-boxes, and miniature pictures, and hair-devices, and all the other adulterous trinkets that are the pledges of our alienation and the monuments of our fhame. Let us return to our legitimate home, and all jars and all quarrels will be loft in embraces. Let the commons in parliament affembled, be one and the fame thing with the commons at large. The distinctions that are made to feparate us are unnatural and wicked contrivances. Let us identify, let us incorporate ourselves with the people. Let us cut all the cables and Inap the chains which tie us to an unfaithful shore, and enter the friendly harbour that jets out into the main its moles and jettees to receive us."War with the world, and peace with our conftituents." Be this our motto and our principle. Then indeed we shall be truly great. Refpecting ourselves, we fhall be refpected by the world. At prefent all is troubled and cloudy, and diftracted, and full of anger and turbulence, both abroad and at home: but the air may be cleared by this form, and light and fertility may follow it. Let us give a faithful pledge to the people, that we honour indeed the crown; but that we belong to them; that we are their auxiliaries, and not their task-masters; the fellow-labourers in the fame vineyard, not lording over their rights, but helpers of their joy: that to tax them is a grievance to ourfelves, but to cut off from our enjoyments to forward theirs, is the highest gratification we are capable of receiving. I feel with comfort, that we are all warmed with these fentiments, and while we are thus warm, I wish we may go directly with a chearful heart to this falutary work." The Reformer. By an Independent Freeholder. 8vo. 1s. 6d Fielding and Walker. The irritating modes of expreffion made ufe of in this pamphlet can never coincide with the mild conduct that furely fhould characterife a reformer.-This author is a moft violent writer against opposition. ** An Address to the People of England. By John Burnaby. 8vo. is. Dodfley. D In which are contained fome very judicious obfervations on the poor rates. ** COR. To the London Reviewers who fign W. Though we are all apt to be partial in our own favour, and to imagine the language we have ourselves ufed, is clear, intelligible, and determinate, when at the fame time another perfon may discover defects which had escaped our notice; yet I cannot but flatter myself, that the expreffion I used with regard to the London Reviewers, in connection both with the fubject and my preceding periods, far was from being vague, but was fufficiently precife, not withstanding the publications of Monthly and Critical Reviews. ! If you can fee no occafion for attempting to refute the very forcible and friking anfwers confined within the exceeding narrow compafs of only two volumes, that are already in print, and tor the objections which you very unneceffarily advance forward to propose, others are naturally led to conceive you, in defertion of your tenets, deem it not worth while to examine the matter with care, attention, and diligence. It is indeed fomewhat not a little fur prizing, that when Dr. Kenrick, whofe clear, acute, and metaphyfical difcernment you have profeffed to acknowledge, had writ fo peremtorily in favour of the efficacious and irresistible impulfe of grace (as in the laft paffage I quoted) you, who enjoy ed the fatisfactory advantage of an intimacy with him, and fo widely different from his judgment, as to conceive this was inconfident with the juftice of God, and clashed with the free agency of man, did not take an opportunity to get your doubts fatisfied, and your mind confirmed, by the free difcuffion of fo wife a head. It is highly probable, that he, who had in print paffed encomiums upon that work, would have referred you to Mr. Edwards's book, as well as have advanced his own fentiments upon the Lubject. Some of your expreffions in your fourth paragraph I read with applaufe and with pleasure: nor can I doubt for a moment, but if the import of them had been before your mind, at the time you penned your ftrictures on Mr. Gurdon, you would have avoided propofing the queries, into which an unguarded moment, I am perfuaded, betrayed you. For "the dictates of finite wifdom, cannot, indeed, be adequately conceived by our infinite underftandings.' Things, therefore, which to our limited comprehenfions are inexplicable, may be admitted upon divine teftimony as truths, and as fuch strongly defended, without being nicely explained by the human critical acumen. 99 The topics, which first gave occafion to your and my correfpondence, are of fuch a nature, that every capable judge, I` Hhh 2 cannot cannot but think, will readily acknowledge, they ought not to be treated without fcripture reference.' "If there be fuch a thing as 'efficacious grace,' from the God of all grace,' the perfons, who really (without hypocrify) experience it, cannot in the modeft profeffion of it be justly accounted vainly prefumptuous, or self-inspired. "Of your late truly learned Editor I knew nothing, and could know nothing, but from his writings, which in a literary way have given me the highest entertainment. But whatever he might be in other refpects, I am not in the leaft apprehenfive that he could fuffer any thing by a comparison with the names, to which I had referred: an Ufher, a Hurd, and a Proteus, with other interme diate celebrated men, all whofe characters from their public com pofitions, and fome private anecdotes that have been occafionally mentioned in converfation, (not merely from any of them having been mittered) are worthy the efteem of fenfible and serious per fons. "I congratulate you upon becoming a little ferious; and will venture to affure you, that you need not dream of "The painful expence of wounds," to which I am a perfect stranger from your capable pen. But I hope this ferious gleam may enable you to exercife a little patience, as, like Maurice, Elector of Saxony, in his military atchievements, I fhall wait a fair opportunity to take the field. With all proper regard, I am, Sir, - Roche Cornwall, May 25th, 1780. "P. S. It was not till 3 o'clock this afternoon that your April review came to my hands: whether, therefore, this will get time enough to you to be inferted in this month's Review or no, I cannot tell, tho' this is poft night." "SIR, “ Anfwer to the foregoing. "Were I inclined to difpute the truth of your first observa tion, it would be impoffible; fince you have, in the fame paragraph, evinced its propriety, by flattering yourself that your expreffion, in regard to the Reviews, was fufficiently precife-when, to every other perfon, it must appear carelessly indeterminate. "But if we are, thus, to cavil on each other's expreffion, we fhall never arrive at our point in view.-Whether I was right in my criticifm, or you wrong in oppofing it, without you had given juft and folid reafons for the neceffity of your oppofition, founded on the fuppofed falacy of my critique. "Indeed, Mr. Furly, I cannot be ferious. You have fo ludicrous a mode of argument. You tell me that as I fee no occafion for attempting to refute the very forcible and friking answers, con |