of Sutton in lieu of, and not in addition to, the name of Manners. The first Baron Manners is described in the Mathematical Tripos list for 1777 as Thomas Sutton, and he is so described in the entries of his admission and call at Lincoln's Inn, where his father is described as Lord George Sutton. His name, however, is subsequently given in the Law Lists' and 'Royal Kalendars' as Manners Sutton, and what I wish to ascertain is when he assumed the joint name, which he appears to have retained for the rest of his life.

G. F. R. B.

DR. WATSON (7th S. xii. 307, 398).-The story of young Watson is minutely narrated by Mr. Henry Holl, author and actor, in the Shilling Magazine, edited by Douglas Jerrold, vol. vi., 1847. It was Mr. Holl, the engraver, father of Mr. Henry Holl, who sheltered young Watson. J. W.

In Dr. R. R. Madden's recently published 'Memoirs' he describes (p. 89) his meeting at New York with Dr. Watson, who was implicated in the Thistlewood conspiracy of 1817. Dublin.

W. J. F.

IDIOSYNCRASY (7th S. xii. 448).—I have in my possession an old dictionary by John Kersey, printed in London, 1708, by J. Phillips, at the "King's Arms," in St. Paul's Churchyard. Its only value lies in the fact that it gives the meaning of words as they were understood at the time it was compiled. The meaning attached to the above word by MR. TROLLOPE seems just to stop short of the real meaning as given in this dictionary, which is this-"A proper and peculiar constitution of a man's body, a peculiar aversion against or inclination for some particular things." Doubtless body is meant to include mind, and things to include persons. If this meaning be the correct one, then Bonamy Price used the word correctly. Idiopathy might have served his purpose better, but sympathy would have implied something else.

FRANK PENNY, LL.M.

with a paper published in the Reliquary for July, 1883, on 'Finger Rings,' by Mr. J. Lewis André, Mr. Llewellynn Jewitt, F.S.A., the editor, wrote:

"It would be useful to add a brief allusion to the ring legend of the city of Glasgow-a paper upon the seals of that city, embodying that legend, being prepared for a future number. It will be seen that on each of the two seals selected to accompany this note is represented a salmon bearing a ring, and the same device, as a matter of course, remains as a charge in the city arms, whose supporters are also two salmon, each with a ring in its mouth. The salmon with the ring, writes Mr. MacGeorge, refers to the story of the recovery by St. Kentigern of the lost ring of the Queen of Cadzow. The story is thus given in the office for the saint's day in the Brievary of Aberdeen. It happened that the Queen of Cadzow had laid herself open to a suspicion of an intrigue with a certain knight whom the king had taken king abstracted from his scrip a ring which the queen with him in hunting. And the knight being asleep, the had given him, and flung it into the river called Clyde. threatening her with death if she did not produce it. Returning home, he demanded the ring of the queen, She, having sent her maid to the knight and not receiving the ring, despatched a messenger to St. Kentigern, telling him everything, and promising the most condign penance. St. Kentigern took compassion on her, and sent one of his people to the river, directing him to bring alive one of the first fish he might take. This being

the

done the saint took from its mouth the ring, and sent it to life. The first of the seals here engraved bears the queen, who restored it to the king, and so saved her mitred head of St. Kentigern, on whose sinister side is the salmon holding the ring. On the same side is the bell of St. Kentigern, while on the dexter is the frozen branch of the tree from which that saint produced favourite robin of St. Serf which Kentigern equally miraculous fire, and perched upon the branch is the miraculously restored to life. The next seal is a later one, on which the fish with the ring, the bell, the robin, and the branch (in this instance expanded into an entire tree) appear."

The salmon on the first-mentioned seal is depicted in a vertical position; on the other it is horizontal, and placed beneath the tree. The legends on the seals are respectively "Sigillvm Comvne de Glagv" and "Sigillvm Comvne Civitatis Glasgvæ." The ring in each case bears a small cross-bar exterior to the ring itself, and is Webster, in his 'Dictionary,' gives the following it appears also in the centre of the marginal more especially noticeable on the latter seal, where definition of the word: "A peculiarity of constitution and susceptibility; characteristic belong-legend just quoted. ing to and distinguishing an individual." As a medical term it means the disposition of any individual to feel in his own peculiar way the agency of whatever can influence the human frame. I think the correct meaning of the quotation from Bonamy Price is that Arnold had a peculiarity of constitution, amounting to a kind of instinct, which pointed out to him the proper man to

be chosen as his assistant.

DNARGEL.

DAME REBECCA BERRY (7th S. x. 289, 451; xi. 21, 189, 252, 298, 434; xii. 34, 250, 293, 371).— Regarding the "fish and ring" mystery, I beg to send you the following note. In connexion

Mr. Jewitt on 'The Mermaid and the Symbolism In the Reliquary for April, 1879, is a paper by of the Fish in Art, Literature, and Legendary Lore,' from which I cannot gather any special suggestion germane to the matter in hand: save that I suspect the peculiar form of the ring on the Glasgow seal may indicate rather a hook than a ring to be in the mouth of the fish, and, if so, the symbol may be considered identical with that in use among the early Christians, and still to be seen in the catacombs of Rome, in which the fish caught by a hook represents (as in a cipher suited to the necessities of those early days) a Christian caught by the "fishers of men.

BETA.

and Symplegades (vμπλnyádes)."-Smith's Smaller
"Classical Dictionary,' 1869.
ED. MARSHALL.

Bosphorus into the Euxine, the Planctæ (Пáуkrat) branch. In endeavouring to carry on the pedigree of "Drake of Ripon" in Dugdale's 'Visitation of Yorkshire,' I have got hundreds of entries from the Halifax registers and many copies of wills from York, so I have been enabled to imBefore, however, printing prove it very much. the pedigree (which I hope to do some day), I should be glad of further information about this very clerical family in later times, when it had a good deal departed from Halifax. There is about Nathan Drake, of Godley, diarist of the siege of Pontefract, and great-grandfather of Francis Drake, author of Eboracum' in Holmes's Sieges of Pontefract Castle,' 1887, which has come out since the 'Genealogist's Guide' was J. W. CLAY. printed.

MORGAN (7th S. xii. 449).—Is not the Anthemis cotula mentioned here the same as the A. arvensis which grows usually in the fields of corn, and blows in the month of May ? If so, I think the word morgan applied to this plant comes from the German morgen, morning, as the plant appears in the very morning of the year. DNARGEL.

THE FATE OF LOUIS XVII. (7th S. xii. 305, 370, 461).-Two recent books on this subject, which I have seen, are not mentioned at any of the places referred to above. The one is the life of a gentleman calling himself Augustus de Bourbon, who professes to be (if I recollect aright) a grandson of Louis XVII. His alleged descent from that prince is traced, and incidentally, of course, some account is given of a supposed escape and marriage of the Dauphin. A photographic portrait of M. de Bourbon forms the frontispiece of the book. The other volume is the life of a Rev. Eleazar Williams, a Protestant missionary of some sort among the Red Indians. This divine is said to have been Louis XVII. himself, and reasons for the statement are given. A portrait of him appears in the book, and from it we learn that he was a severe-looking person in white tie and bands and Geneva gown. It is so delightfully improbable that the worthy American Calvinist preacher should have been a son of Marie Antoinette, a grandson of Maria Therese, and a great grandson of Louis Quinze, that I think one ought to try to believe the story. Credo quia impossi

bile.

A. J. M.

J. S. will find a pedigree of the Drakes of Amersham in Lipscomb's 'Hist. of Bucks.' (1847) vol. iii. pp. 154-5. This pedigree commences with John Drake, of Ashe, Devonshire, and includes Humphrey Drake, Rector of Amers ham. Would J. S. kindly give the reference to the volume of the Gentleman's Magazine where the pedigree to which he refers is to be found? G. F. R. B. J. S. will find in Marshall's 'Genealogist's Guide' an index to all the printed pedigrees. The Drakes, of Halifax, were a wide-spreading family in that parish from early times, and appear to have had no connexion with the Devonshire

Rastrick House, near Brighouse.

In each of the ten yearly volumes of the will be found respecting this family, which may Western Antiquary much interesting information be of service to your correspondent.

71, Brecknock Road.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

The

BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR (7th S. xii. 487).—The use of sprit-topsails seems to bave been discontinued before the days of Nelson. ships which are portrayed in the engravings of naval engagements after about 1780 are almost all destitute of a sprit-topsail yard. According to the "portrait" of the Victory which is given in a vignette at the beginning of the second volume of Clarke and McArthur's Life of Lord Nelson' (1809), this famous vessel formed no exception to the rule, and had only a long spritsail yard.

Liverpool.

J. F. MANSERGH.

A naval officer informs me that spritsails (he has never heard of sprit-topsails) were in use in 1805, and used to be set under the spritsail gaff. CELER ET AUDAX.

I think your correspondent will find that sprittopsails became obsolete long before 1805, and that the Victory was not equipped with one at the battle of Trafalgar. PATRICK MAXWELL.

4, Pulteney Road, Bath.

AGER OF BROSELEY, SHROPSHIRE (7th S. xi. 428).-I find that Symon or Simon Ager made his will July 21, 1674, and that at the date of the probate (P.C.C., Bunce, 121) by his widow, Anne Ager, on November 19, 1674, he was described as of Warfield, co. Berks. He names in his will his daughters Sarah, Dorcas, Elizabeth, Rebecca, and "John Mary, his brother Hamlit Ager, and a Ager, the sonne of Simon Ager"; but it does not appear who this Simon Ager was. Is anything further known of any of those above mentioned? REGINALD STEWART BODDINGTON. 15, Markham Square, Chelsea.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

of speedwell quite satisfactory? A most romantic story
is told as to the origin of forget-me-not. Laburnum is
not explained, nor is anything said as to such country
names as ragged-robin. A mass of information, much
of it curious and some of it useful, is collected, and the
book is amusing to dip into, and trustworthy in the
majority of cases.

The Library of Trinity College, Cambridge. By Robert
Sinker, D.D. (Cambridge, Deighton, Bell & Co.)
DR. SINKER's admirably lucid and interesting descrip-
tion of the great library of which he has charge needs
no recommendation to our readers. The substance of
his pages appeared in N. & Q.,' where it attracted much
attention. (See 6th S. iv., v., vi., and vii.) He has now,
with the addition of details as to the buildings of the
earlier libraries of the college, as well as of the present
library, which the publication of the Architectural
History of the University of Cambridge' of the late
Prof. Willis and Mr. J. W. Clark has brought within
his reach, with the correction of a few unimportant
errors, and the advantage of a few spirited illustrations,
issued the whole in the shape of a handsome quarto
volume which all collectors will prize. We, at least,
accord it the heartiest of welcomes.

The Book of Chinese Poetry. Metrically translated by Clement Francis Romilly Allen. (Kegan Paul & Co.) ONE more English translation of the Shih Ching, or the Classic of Poetry' is now given to the world, the translator being Her Majesty's Consul at Chefoo. To the average reader the name Shih Ching conveys little. It is that, however, of a work of some importance, which one Englishman at least included in that list of the one hundred best books which a number of distinguished men published, with the apparent purpose of telling the world what they do not read. It is one of the five classics" of China, which consist of The Book of Changes,' The Book of History,' 'The Canon of Rites,' 'The Spring and Autumn Annals,' and the present book, The Classic of Poetry.' Neither The Divine Comedy' nor The Ring and the Book' has been so beset with commentators as the Classic of Poetry. For these, however, Mr. Allen has little regard. He supplies the simplest and least ambiguous meaning, and will not concern himself with the farfetched interpretations and remote allusions thrust Mr. Allen's versions are fluent. upon every poem. Having no claim to be Sinologues, as to the accuracy of the rendering we will not attempt to speak. Many of the poems are very striking. Especially so is "The To the "Abbotsford Series of the Scotch Poets" has Drought in the Time of King Hsuan,' the date of which been added a series of long and representative extracts from Thomas the Rhymer, John Barbour, Androw of is about 821 B.C. (Mr. Allen, it must be said, is a sceptic as to the extreme antiquity of the Chinese.) It Wyntoun, and Henry the Minstrel, connected by naris the wail of an officer about the Court who sees the rative passages, so as to furnish a full idea of the long evil wrought which he is powerless to remedy, and is poems from which they are taken. In rendering accesscertainly very human and touching. Mr. Allen de- ible in a scholarly text these writings a service is conAn introductory essay on "Early scribes his translation as free, but he hopes not in-ferred on literature. Scottish Poetry," and preliminary essays on the various accurate. Some of the poems in The White Colt' are pretty love-songs, which the commentators insist, how- poets, add greatly to the value of a useful and scholarly ever, in charging with mystical meanings. It is very curious to find a Chinese poem beginning, "Watchman, what of the night?" The titles often are those of familiar English poems. Whatever may be said of the manner in which these poems are treated, Mr. Allen is at least entitled to the credit of having written a very interesting and suggestive book, which will do something to popularize the study of Chinese literature.

Names and their Meanings. A Book for the Curious.
By Leopold Wagner. (Fisher Unwin.)
MR. WAGNER supplies a popular and very readable
account of the origin and significance of a large number
of names. His first chapter deals with the world, and
carries back information as far as it can easily be carried.
Greedy people might ask for more. Jutland, for in-
stance, means the land of the Jutes, a family of the Goths
who settled in this portion of Denmark, and Switzer-
land is an Anglicized form of the native Schwertz, the
name of the three forest cantons whose people asserted
their independence of Austria. Here the author leaves
Why the Jutes were so named is to be conjectured,
and why the cantons in question were called Schwertz
there are some might ask. London Mr. Wagner derives
from Llyn-dun, and the same derivation is assigned to
Lincoln. The Isle of Dogs is a corruption of the Isle of
Ducks. Royal surnames, pseudonyms, national nick-
names, flowers, birds, and scores of other things are
explained. The explanations are always popular. How
far they will satisfy philologists we dare not attempt to
Is foxglove really a corruption of "folk's glove"?
Jasmin is nearly identical with the Persian name for the
same flower, jasaman"; but what is that? Does
lavender come from lavere, to wash? Is the derivation

us.

say.

Early Scottish Poetry. Edited by George Eyre-Todd. (Glasgow. Hodge & Co.)

book.

millan & Co.)

A Primer on Browning. By F. Mary Wilson. (Mac-
THIS volume will doubtless serve to facilitate the study
of Browning. What amount of illumination it will
afford depends to some extent upon the receptivity of
the reader. The conquest of all the difficulties of
Browning must always remain an arduous task.

Sir Walter Ralegh: a Biography. By William Stebbing,
M.A. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.)

SIR WALTER RALEGH has always been a fascinating sub-
ject for the book-maker. Since the publication of
William Winstanley's account in 1660 more than a
dozen biographies of Sir Walter Raleigh have been
written. Mrs. Creighton produced one in 1877, Mr. Gosse
in 1886, and now Mr. Stebbing's turn has arrived. In
these days, when all our pet legends about our favourite
heroes are ruthlessly brushed away, it is pleasing to find
Mr. Stebbing clinging fondly to Fuller's well-worn
anecdote of Ralegh's cloak. The book is excellently
printed and nicely got up, and a charming reproduction
of the Duke of Rutland's miniature of Ralegh, painted
in 1618, forms the frontispiece to the volume. It is a
pity that Mr. Stebbing does not condescend to give us
his authorities, but he has given us an index, and for that
we are duly grateful.

Bishop Wilberforce. By G. W. Daniell. (Methuen &
Co.)
AMONG Messrs. Methuen's "English Leaders of Religion"
so representative a Churchman and so typical a bishop as
Samuel Wilberforce holds of right a predominant position.
Mr. Daniell sketches his life and character for us with a

40

light hand and perfect candour. He brings out well the many-sidedness of his sympathetic nature, which laid him open to the charge of insincerity with the thoughtless, his great social qualities, his adroitness in managing men, and the statesmanship with which he steered the Anglican Church through troubled times. The bishop was essentially a man of action, and his unceasing activity in his episcopal office left him little time for literary work. It is as an organizer and reformer that his name will go down to posterity.

Memory: its Logical Relations and Cultivation. By F. W. Edridge-Green, M.D. (Baillière, Tindal & Co.) DR. EDRIDGE-GREEN's book on memory attracted at its first appearance much observation and favourable comment. Its merits have carried it to a second edition.

A SCHOLARLY edition of the Declamations of Melancthon, edited by Karl Hartfelder, has been added to the "Lateinische Litteraturdenkmäler des XV. und XVI. Jahrhunderts" of Von Speyer & Peters.

THE Ex-Libris Society's Journal maintains its value and position. Mr. Gladstone's book-plate constitutes the opening design. Mr. Robert Day sends a good essay on Book-plates engraved by Cork Artists'; Mr. Walter Hamilton's interesting list of modern dated book-plates is continued.

The British Bookmaker gives further designs of binding, old and new, including a fine North German cover in silver repoussé work.

THE Fortnightly contains a fair proportion of literary articles, the most important being the essay, unwontedly short, of Mr. Swinburne, entitled 'Victor Hugo: "Dieu." That this is a rhapsody needs not be said. It is, however, so savagely ironical that one has to read more than once to be sure that what is said concerning the genius Philip Bourke Marston,' a of a poet is not serious. constant subject of magazine homage, is treated with Mr. much consideration by Mr. Coulson Kernahan, H. D. Traill supplies a dialogue in the shade, the subject of which is, however, political. Ouida inveighs earnestly against the barbarous proceedings taking place in Florence and Rome, and Sir Robert Ball writes on 'The New Astronomy.-Under the title of Our Minor Poets Mr. Traill shows, in the Nineteenth Century, no fewer than sixty-five poets, or poetlings, "all well defined and separate" bards. The notion is rather creepy. 'Hypnotism and Humbug' explains itself. Very few of the contents of this review are, in the present instance, of a kind with which we can deal.-An enlarged number of the New Review has an original contribution, by M. Paul Bourget, on The Dangers of the Analytic Spirit in Fiction. Mr. Augustin Birrell, on Authors and Critics,' consoles the former hypersensitive race; Mr. Henry Arthur Jones answers the strictures of Mr. Traill upon The Literary Drama'; and Mr. Saintsbury and Mr. Walkley, in a joint communication concerning Literature and the Drama,' treat the former with much more respect than the latter.-In the very varied contents of the Century we notice a brilliant description of 'The Alligator Hunters of Louisiana,' and a second, and very vivid picture of warfare in 'Custer's Last Battle,' by one of his troop commanders. Gounod in France and Italy is an autobiographical revelation by the great master, of Mr. Stillman writes on whom a portrait is given. 'Andrea del Sarto, and there is a valuable paper on Witchcraft,' belief in which is said in the United Kingdom still to linger.-'Andrew Marvell' is the subject of an excellent paper in Macmillan's, and Mirabeau' and Charles James Napier' are discussed in Temple Bar. The last poems of Philip Bourke Marston are dealt with in the Gentleman's, to which Mr. Percy

·

Fitzgerald contributes Pages from a Diary.' 'A Chapter in the History of Oracles' also appears.-'Sophia Dorothea of Zell,' in Belgravia, is dealt with in an article of interest.-Messrs. Lowe and Archer supply, in Longman's, The Stage History of "King Henry VIII.," and Mr. F. W. Hawkins does the same for the English Illustrated. In a capital number, An Old Fife Burgh Town' and 'Village Life in the Olden Time' appeal directly to our readers.-In the Cornhill are A Defence of Old Age,' by an Old Man, and A Railway Journey in Russia.'

MESSRS. CASSELL's reprint of Thornbury's and Walford's Old and New London, Part LII., opens in Regent's Park, and presents views of the Zoological Gardens in Old Chalk 1840 very unlike anything now to be seen. Farm in 1730, Primrose Hill, and Steele's house, Haverstock Hill, make one sigh over changes, while Kentish Town is shown as a rural village. The penultimate part of Picturesque Australasia has some stirring pictures of fighting against the Maoris. Education in Australia is the subject of a special chapter.-The Holy Land and the Bible of Dr. Geikie, Part XXVIII., has excellent pictures of Baalbec and of Damascus.-The Life and Times of Queen Victoria completes the first volume. It is occupied with the marriage of the Princess Royal, of which a spirited plate is given.-Cassell's Storehouse of second volume, "Beast" Information finishes a Castro," and is very full of varied and useful information.

66

WE hear with extreme regret of the death of Mr. F. H. Rule, one of our oldest and most obliging contributors. He was unequalled in supplying the sources of quotations, and must, we should fancy, have left collections of great value towards a complete dictionary of quotations. He had been ill for some months, and died on Christmas Day, within a fortnight of completing his seventy-ninth year. His interest in N. & Q' was maintained to the last.

WE learn from X. BEKE that the Barbados Legislature has voted a sum of 500l. towards copying dilapidated wills and other legal documents in the Colonial Secretary's office. It appears that the minutes of the Council fully obliterated. during the period of the Commonwealth have been care

Notices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notices :
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as a guarantee of good faith.

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To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate."

OUTIS, Ghazipur, India (" Knights of St. John of Jerusalem ").-See 7 S. ix. 468; x. 74, 156, 272.

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