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kindred, who are admitted fellows without two years of probetion, which term is required from all other candidates. The whole of the fellows are elected from Winchester, by the wardens of both colleges, two fellows of New College, and the subwarden and head master of Winchester. The elections to fill up vacancies are held annually.

The fellows of this college, by a privilege secured by the founder, may be admitted to all degrees in the University merely on an examination in their own college according to the Univer sity forms.

ORIEL COLLEGE.

This college owes its foundation to Adam De Brom, of whom it is only known that he was rector of Hanworth, in Middlesex, in 1315; chancellor of the diocese of Durham in the following archdeacon of Stow in 1319; and, shortly after, was pro moted to the living of St. Mary, Oxford. In the year 1324, De Brom obtained permission from King Edward II. to purchase land and premises in Oxford, to the annual value of thirty pounds, for the purpose of founding a college to the honour of the Virgin Mary. He accordingly purchased an estate in St. Mary's parish, and founded a collegiate institution for the study of divinity and logic. When he had proceeded thus far he surrendered the whole into the hands of the king, in hope of acquiring, by such a step, regal assistance for his infant society: nor did De Brom calculate on fallacious ground. Edward had already evinced liberality by founding the college of Carmelite Friars in Oxford; and he readily placed this new institution under his particular care. In the succeeding year he granted a fresh charter, in which he directed the studies of the college to be divinity and the canonlaw; and, for the better support of the members, he bestowed some tenements in Oxford, and gave the advowson of St. Mary's church, on condition of their providing chaplains for daily ser

vice.

Adam de Brom was appointed the first provost, and he drew a body

body of statutes in 1326, by which the college is appointed to consist of a provost, and ten fellows, or scholars, seven to study divinity, and three the canon law. He also gave the livings of Aberforth, in Yorkshire, and Coleby, in Lincolnshire. King Edward emulated the kindness of his generous, but ill-fated father, by bestowing on the society a large messuage called La Oriole, to which the scholars speedily removed, and from which possession the College derived its name. De Brom likewise procured of the king the hospital of St. Bartholomew, situate between the London roads, about half a mile from St. Clement's Church. This hospital was, at first, required only as an asylum for the students in times of pestilence, but has since proved a source of considerable emolument to the foundation.

John Franke, Lord Chancellor of England, was, in 1441, the next benefactor. His bequest consisted of 10001. to be employed in the purchase of lands for the maintenance of four fellows, from the counties of Dorset, Wilts, Somerset, and Devon. Among other liberal contributors, are Carpenter, Bishop of Worcester; Smyth, Bishop of Lincoln (founder of Brasen Nose) Dr. Richard Dudley, chancellor of the church of Salisbury; Dr. Robinson, Bishop of London; Dr. Carter, provost of the college from 1708 to 1727; and Charles, the fourth Duke of Beaufort. By several of these benefactors fellowships have been founded, and by others the fellowships have been augmented, and livings bestowed. Queen Anne likewise annexed a prebend of Rochester to the provostship.

The original building 'called La Oriole, or Oriel Hall, received such additions during the reign of Edward III. as enabled it to assume the quadrangular form so well adapted to collegiate structures. But the increasing affluence of the college allowed the society, in different periods of the seventeenth century, to erect the present quadrangle on a more judicious and enlarged plan.

The front towards the street is simple, uniform, and commanding. Over the gateway is constructed a square tower, the face

of

of which is ornamented with a bay window, or oriel. The inte rior of the quadrangle is eminently pleasing. The eastern side is a fine Gothic elevation, occupied by the hall and the entrance to the chapel. The hall is approached by a flight of steps and a capacious portico, over which are placed, in niches surmounted by coronal canopies, statues of the Virgin Mary and infant Jesus, and of the two kings, Edward II. and III. At both extremities is a bold and ornamented oriel. The provost's lodgings are to the north; the buildings on the south and west, which are three stories high, are entirely appropriated to the accommodation of other members of the society. On the roof of the chief gateway are worked the arms of King Charles; and other doorways are embellished with the armorial bearings of benefactors.

In addition to this quadrangle are two ranges of building, for the reception of students, on the east and west sides of the garden. These were constructed at different times, but are both judiciously conformable in style to the plainer parts of the quadrangle. The first was finished in 1719, at the expense of Bishop Robinson, who also founded three exhibitions for bachelors. An inscription on the front commemorates both these acts of generosity. The second wing was erected a few years after, by the liberality of George Carter, formerly provost, who left his whole fortune to the uses of the college.

Between these two lateral ranges of building is placed the Library, a chaste and classical edifice, begun in 1788, under the direction of Wyatt. The interior is an oblong of eightythree feet by twenty-eight, and is twenty feet in height. Among the books is a collection of rare and estimable works, bequeathed by Edward Lord Leigh, of Stourleigh. Thé library also contains a painting by Vasari, the subject a group of Italian poets, Guido, Cavalcanti, Dante, Boccaccio, Petrarch, Politian, and Marsilius Ficinus.

The Hall, which was built about the year 1637, is a handsome room, fifty feet in length, and nearly twenty in breadth. The sides are wainscotted, and embellished in the Doric style.

Three

Three whole length portraits ornament this room-Edward II. by Hudson; Queen Anne, by Dabl; and the Duke of Beaufort, by Soldi. Among the plate is preserved a cup of silver, gilt, and finely carved, which was presented by the founder.

The first Chapel attached to the college was erected late in the fourteenth century, before which period the members had attended Divine service in St. Mary's church. The building then constructed was pulled down in 1620; but the new edifice was not completed till 1642. The arrangement of the interior is simple and unostentatious. The east window is embellished with the presentation of Our Saviour in the Temple, executed by Peckitt, from a design by Dr. Wall.

The following are some of the distinguished persons whose names add importance to the scholastic annals of this house:Dr. Butler, Bishop of Durham, author of the "Analogy." Robert Langlande, the presumed author of Pierce Plowman. Sir Walter Ralegh. Prynne, the republican, whose talents and acquirements were of the first description, though his judgment fell a sacrifice to the delusive spirit of the times in which he lived. Lord Chief Justice Holt, and the elegant and judicious Dr. Joseph Warton.

The society consists of a provost, eighteen fellows, and thirteen exhibitioners.

PEMBROKE COLLEGE

was founded early in the seventeenth century, on the site of Broadgates Hall, a very ancient seminary appertaining to the priory of St. Fridiswida. This hall appears, from an enumeration of some of the principals given by Wood, to have been the resort of many eminent scholars; but the buildings were few and irregular.

The foundation of Pembroke College took place in consequence of the following combination of circumstances. Thomas Tesdale, a native of Standford Dingley, in Berkshire, who had amassed a considerable fortune by farming, and by dealing in malt and wool,

first at Abingdon, and afterwards at Glympton, near Woodstock, in Oxfordshire, died in the year 1610, and bequeathed 50001 for the maintenance of certain fellows and scholars from the freeschool of Abingdon, in any of the colleges of Oxford. Dr. Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, was named as one of the trustees, and he, with the approvance of his coadjutors, at first determined to place the foundation in Balliol College. The sum of 3001. was even advanced for the commencement of additional buildings. At this juncture Richard Wightwick, B. D. rector of East Ilsley, in Berkshire, engaged to make over some estates in aid of Tesdale's benefaction; and it was then resolved to found a new college from these united sources. A petition was duly presented to the king (James I.) by the corporation of Abingdon; and his majesty, in 1624, granted the applicants permission to endow a perpetual college, which should consist of one master, or governor, ten fellows, and ten scholars, (or more or less, acccording to the tenor of statutes to be afterwards devised,) within the ball denominated Broadgates. He likewise directed that the new institution should bear the name of Pembroke,* and should be considered as "the Foundation of King James, at the cost and charges of Thomas Tesdale and Richard Wightwick." While the king thus honoured the society by taking the title of Founder, the Earl of Pembroke was styled Godfather; and the two liberal persons with whom the foundation originated, were termed the foster-parents of the institution.

The master and scholars took possession immediately, but the statutes were not, presented till four years afterwards. By these it was directed that the number of Tesdale's fellows should be seven, four to be of his kindred, and the whole to study divinity. Of the six scholars provided by his bounty, two were to be chosen from his poorer kindred educated in Abingdon school, if such should occur, or, if not, from the more needy of his relatives in other situations. Wightwick's foundation consisted of 1001. per

• In compliment of William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, who was châncellos of the University from 1616 to 1630.

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