relating to the practices of David Rizzio, the king's mur- . der, Bothwell's marriage and flight, &c. and a more perfect narrative of the proceedings in the general assemblies, than the printed history will afford us. The third volume comprehends the entire history of both church and state, from the beginning of January 1581 to July 1586, when queen Mary's letter to Babington was intercepted. Under the year 1584, there is a severe character of Mr. Patrick Adamson, archbishop of St. Andrew's; which, in the conclusion, refers us for a farther account of him to a poem made by one Robert Semple, and entitled "The Legend of the Limmer's Life." Here is also "An account of the State and Church of Scotland to the Church of Geneva," which was written by Andrew Melvil, in answer to the misrepresentations of the Scottish discipline scattered in foreign countries, by the said archbishop Adamson. The fourth gives the like mixed history of affairs, from July 1586 to the beginning of 1596. Here we have a full collection of papers relating to the trial, condemnation, and execution, of the unfortunate queen Mary, with abundance of others, touching the most remarkable transactions of this Decennium. In 1587 there is a large account of the coming of the sieur du Bartas into Scotland; of his being carried by king James to the university of St. Andrew's, his hearing of the lectures of Mr. A. Melvil there, and the great opinion he had of the abilities of that professor, &c. In 1590 there are some smart reflections on Dr. Bancroft's sermon at Paul's Cross, censuring the proceedings of J. Knox, and others of the northern reformers, with the assembly's letter to queen Elizabeth about that sermon. The fifth volume reaches from the beginning of January 1596, to the same month in 1607. After the accounts of the proceedings of the assembly in 1596, the author subjoins this pathetic epiphonema: "Here end all the sincere assemblies general of the kirk of Scotland, enjoying the liberty of the gospel under the free government of Christ." The new and constant Platt of Planting all the Kirks of Scotland (written by Mr. David Lindsay, one of the Octavians) is here inserted at large, as it was presented to the king and states in the said year 1596. The history of the conspiracy of the Gowries, and the manner of its discovery, is likewise bere recorded at length, in the same order, wherein the king commanded it to be published. The new form of nomination to bishoprics, the protestation in parliament.

against the restitution of episcopacy, and the reasons offered against it by others, are the remaining matters of consideration in this book. The sixth concludes with the death of king James VI.

Besides what we have already mentioned, Calderwood was the author of many other works relating to the church discipline of Scotland, which are now of rare occurrence, and prized only by collectors. These were printed in Holland, but imported into Scotland, notwithstanding the most severe prohibitions. '

CALDWALL (RICHARD), or Chaldwell, an English physician, was born in Staffordshire about 1513, and was admitted into Brazen-nose college in Oxford, of which he was in due season elected fellow. In 1539 he took his degree of M. A. and became one of the senior students of Christ Church in 1547, which was a little after its last foundation by king Henry VIII. Afterwards he studied physic and took the degrees in that faculty, and became so highly esteemed for his learning and skill, that he was examined, approved, admitted into, and elected censor of, the college of physicians at London in the same day. Six weeks after, he was chosen one of the elects of the said college, and in 1570 made president of it. Wood tells us, that he wrote several pieces upon subjects relating to his profession; but does not say what they were. He mentions a book written by Horatio Moro, a Florentine physician, and called "The Tables of Surgery, briefly comprehending the whole art and practice thereof;" which Caldwall translated into English, and published at London in 1585. We learn from Camden, that Caldwall founded a chirurgical lecture in the college of physicians, and endowed it with a handsome salary. He died in 1585, and was buried at the church of St. Bennet near Paul's wharf.2

CALDWELL (ANDREW), a literary gentleman of Ireland, was the son of Charles Caldwell, esq. an eminent solicitor, and was born in Dublin, 1732. He received part of his education in one of the universities in Scotland, from whence he removed to London; and after a residence of about five years at the Temple, returned to Dublin, where he was admitted to the bar in 1760; but his father being possessed of a good estate, fully adequate to his son's wishes,

1 Biog. Brit.-Biog. Scoticana.-Baillie's Letters and Journals.-Laing's History of Scotland.--Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopædia.

2 Ath. Ox. vol. I.-Gen. Dict.

he never paid much attention to the profession of the law, and for several years before his death had entirely quitted it. His studious disposition, and taste for the fine arts, always afforded him sufficient employment, and he was a liberal patron of those who excelled in any of the various 'branches of art. He had studied architecture with particular attention; and about the year 1770, published, anonymously, some very judicious "Observations on the public buildings of Dublin," and on some edifices, which at that time were about to be erected in that city at the expence of the state. The only other known production of his pen that has been published, is a very curious" Account of the extraordinary escape of James Stewart, esq. (commonly called ATHENIAN Stewart) from being put to death by some Turks, in whose company he happened to be travelling;" the substance of which had been communicated to Mr. Caldwell by the late Dr. Percy, bishop of Dromore, as related to his lordship by Stewart himself. Of this narrative, of which only a small number was printed at London in 1804, for the use of the author's friends, it is believed not more than a dozen copies were distributed in this country. Mr. Caldwell's love of literature naturally led him to collect an ample library, which was particularly rich in natural history. His manners were gentle and pleasing, and his benevolence, various knowledge, and cultivated taste, endeared him to a very numerous circle of friends. He died at the house of his nephew, major-general Cockburn, near Bray in the county of Wicklow, July 2, 1808, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. '

1

CALENTIUS, or CALENZIO (ELISIUS), a modern Latin poet of the fifteenth century, was a native of Naples, and became preceptor to Frederic, the son of Ferdinand I. king of Naples, whom he endeavoured to inspire with the love of those virtues and principles of justice which would dignify his high station. He did not approve of condemning malefactors to death. According to him, "thieves should be obliged to restore what they had stolen, after being beaten for the theft; homicides should be made slaves; and other criminals be sent to the mines and the gallies." He had also studied and practised agriculture and horticulture with great success. Having come, to France, he was a witness of the war between Charles the hardy, duke of Burgundy, and the Swiss, the history of

1 Gent. Mag. 1808.

which he was requested to write, but declined it, as he thought it did not become him to speak ill of princes, or to tell what was not true. It appears by his letters that he married young, was extremely fond of his wife, and had many children. Yet he was accused of illicit amours, which it is said kept him poor. He is supposed to have died about 1503. There have been three editions of his works, two at Rome, one in 1503, fol. "Opuscula Elisii Calentii, poetæ clarissimi ;" and a third at Basil, 1554. They consist of elegies, epigrams, epistles; the battle of the frogs, imitated from Homer; satires, fables, &c. &c. His poem of the battle between the rats and the frogs, from Homer, was reprinted in 1738 at Rouen, in a collection, 12mo, of select fables of la Fontaine put into Latin verse, published by the abbé Saas. Calentius composed this poem at eighteen years of age, and finished it in seven days.'

CALEPIN, or CALEPINUS (AMBROSE), a lexicographer of considerable fame, was a native of Calepio near Bergamo in Italy, from which he took his name, and lived in the fifteenth and beginning of the sixteenth century. He took the habit of the Augustine order, and was much esteemed for learning and personal character. His "Lexicon," on which he had laboured for many years, appeared first in 1503. He died in 1510, deprived of his sight through old age, but had employed his latter days in reviewing and correcting his work. It appears to have had the fate of Moreri's Dictionary, to have fallen into the hands of editors who by repeated corrections and enlargements, rendered it a publication of some consequence. The editors of Stephanus' Thesaurus concur, with Erasmus, Ludovicus Vives, Borrichius, and others, in speaking with great contempt of Calepin, and, perhaps, with more than he deserves. Jacobus Philippius only, of that age, speaks respectfully of Calepin. The Lexicon, however, has gone through fifteen editions, with successive improvements, the best of which are that of Chifflet, Lyons, 1681, 2 vols. fol. and that of Facciolati, Padua, 1758, also in 2 vols. fol. Christopher Wase's Latin Dictionary, the second edition of which was published at Oxford in 1675, is a very judicious compendium of Calepin."

1 Moreri.-Dict. Hist.

2 Moreri.-Fabr. Bibl. Med. et Inf. Etat.-Stephen's Thesaurus.-Baillet Jugemens des Savans. Saxii Onomast.

CALETTI (JOSEPH), called IL CREMONESE, an eminent artist of Ferrara, where he was born about 1600, studied and imitated, beyond all others, the tones of Titian, and carried the illusion to such a degree, that his half-figures, bacchanals, and small histories, entered the best galleries of Rome and Bologna as originals: nor is he easily discovered by the best eye or taste, but from the admission of some more modern conceit, or carelessness of execution. That he possessed talents superior to what mere mimickry can confer, is evident from his St. Mark, in the church of S. Benedetto at Ferrara, a majestic, correct, expressive figure, girt by a profusion of volumes, whose picturesque arrangement and truth of touch procured him the name of the Book-Painter (Pittor da' Libri). Immediately after the execution of this work, some say that he disappeared, and was heard of no more: whilst others, with less probability of conjecture, extend the date of his death to 1660.1

CALFHILL, or CALFILL (JAMES), a learned divine of the sixteenth century, otherwise named Calfield, Cawfield, Chalfhill, or Calfed, was born in Shropshire, in 1530. Strype, however, says he was a Scotchman, and cousin to Toby Mathew, afterwards archbishop of York. He received his education at Eton school, and from thence was sent, in 1545, to King's college in Cambridge, from which he was removed, with many other Cambridge men, in 1548, to Christ Church in Oxford, newly founded by king Henry VIII. Here he shewed himself to be a person of quick wit and great capacity; being an excellent poet and author of a tragedy, with other theatrical performances. In 1549, he took his degree of bachelor of arts; and that of master in 1552, being junior of the act celebrated in St. Mary's church, July 18. He was made, in 1560, canon of the second canonry in Christ Church cathedral, Oxon; and, on the 12th of December 1561, took the degree of bachelor of divinity. In 1562 he was proctor for the clergy of London and the chapter of Oxford in the convocation that made the XXXIX Articles: and on the 16th of May, the same year, was admitted to the rectory of St. Andrew Wardrobe, London. The 4th of October following, he was presented by the crown to the prebend of St. Pancras, in the cathedral church of St. Paul; and May 4, 1565, was collated by Matthew Parker, archbishop of Canterbury, to

› Pilkington.