ships with which he left Portugal; and having then proceeded to Calecut, he entered into a treaty with the zamorin or emperor, who allowed him to build a factory for the Portuguese, and although the zamorin behaved treacherously afterwards, Cabral, by chastising his insolence, finally atchieved his purpose. He entered into a similar treaty with the prince of Cananor, and in 1501 returned to Portugal with his fleet richly laden. Of his future life we have no account, but he wrote a detail of his voyage, which Ramusio translated into Italian, and published with some others at Venice.1

CACCIA (WILLIAM), an artist, known by the name of Moncalvo, from his long abode in that place, was born in 1568 at Montebone, in Montferrat, and marks perhaps the brightest data of Piemontese art, though with less celebrity than merit, for no traces appear of his education: had he been a scholar of the Caracei, his first essays in fresco would have been made at Bologna, not at the stationary chapels of Monte Crea; his style of design would resemble that of Annibale more than the ideal line of Raffaello, or Andrea del Sarto, or Parmigiano; and his landscape have less of Paul Brill. His numerous small Madonnas breathe the spirit of the Roman and Florentine school, and one in the royal palace of Torino seems to have issued from the hands of Andrea, if we except the colour, which, though graceful and delicate, has more of the weakness that marked the tints of Sabbatini and the predecessors of the Caracci. The powers of Moncalvo were not, however, confined to soft subjects: the contrary appears in the church of the Conventuals at that place in numerous instances, and still more in a chapel of S. Domenico at Chieri, where the Resuscitation of Lazarus, and the Multiplication of the Loaves, two collateral altar-pieces, vie with each other in pathetic imagery, legitimate composition, energy of expression and attitude, and correctness of design. He was assisted by several scholars of no very eminent note, but N. Sacchi of Casale, in energy of varied expression and decision of pencil, perhaps excelled the master. His two daughters Francesca and Orsola Caccia became, under his tuition, apt associates of his labours in fresco, a practice else unknown to female hands; they drew from the father the structure of bodies, but not their animation; and such

1 Moreri.

was the similarity of their execution, that to avoid confusion, Francesca, the younger, marked her performances with a small bird, whilst Orsola distinguished her own by a flower; she founded the Conservatory of the Ursulines at Moncalvo, where, and at Casale, she left altar-pieces and numerous cabinet-pictures, touched in the manner of Paul Brill, and strewn with flowers. A holy family in that taste is among the rich collection of the palace Natta. Caccia died about 1625.1

CADAMOSTO, or CADAMUSTI (LEWIS), a famous Venetian navigator, was born about the year 1422, and by his talents attracted the notice of the infant don Henry of Portugal. This prince, animated with the spirit of making discoveries, like his father king John, resolved to gain the attachment of Cadamosto. He accordingly applied to him, through the consul of the Venetian republic in Portugal, named Patrick Conti, for information concerning the advantageous commerce of the island of Madeira, conquered in 1430. Cadamosto, encouraged by the hopes of profit, came to terms with don Henry, fitted out for him a caravelle, of which Vincent Diaz, a native of Lagos, was the patron. It sailed the 22d of March, 1455; and, after having anchored at Madeira, they proceeded to reconnoitre the Canaries, the cape Blanco, Senegal, cape Verd, and the mouth of the river Gambia. In a second voyage which he made the following year, with a Genoese named Anthony, they prosecuted their discoveries as far as the river of St. Dominic, to which they gave that name, and from whence they returned to Portugal. He resided a long time at Lagos, gaining the affection of the merchants and navigators of the place by acts of kindness and civility. On his return to his native country in 1464, he published the account of his voyages, which was published at Vicenza, under the title of "La Prima Navigatione per l'Oceano a le terre de Negri della bassa Etiopia," 1507, 4to, but the subsequent edition printed at Milan, 1519, 4to, is thought the best. 2

CADELL (THOMAS), an eminent bookseller, and a striking instance of the effects of a strong understanding united with industry and integrity, was born in Wine-street, Bristol, on the 27th of October, 1742, O. S. After being educated in his native city, he was apprenticed, in 1758,

Pilkington's Dict.

Dict. Hist.-Tiraboschi.

to Mr. Andrew Millar, at that time at the head of his profession in London, and the steady patron of Thomson, Fielding, and many other celebrated writers. In Mr. Cadell he soon discovered a taste for business, a love of industry, and an understanding uncommonly acute, which embraced all the concerns of a trade that necessarily requires more than mere mechanical talents; and Mr. Millar being now advanced in life readily admitted Mr. Cadell into partnership in 1765, and in 1767, a year before his death, relinquished the whole to him. Mr. Cadell thus became, at a very early period, at the head of his profession, and by associating with himself the late William Strahan, esq. secured the advice and assistance of a printer of corresponding liberality and taste. Introduced at the same time by Mr. Millar to writers of the first rank in literature, to Johnson, Hume, Robertson, Warburton, Hurd, &c. he pursued the same commendable track, and acting upon the liberal principles of his predecessor in respect to authors, enlarged upon it to an extent, which, at the same time that it did honour to his spirit, was well suited to the more enlightened period in which he carried on business. In conjunction with Mr. Strahan, already noticed, and afterwards with his son Andrew Strahan, esq. the present member for Aldborough, munificent remunerations were held out to writers of the most eminent talents, and, as Dr. Johnson was accustomed to say, "the price of literature was raised." The names of some of the writers whose works were brought forward under Mr. Cadell's auspices have already been mentioned; nor was he less fortunate in the judicious connexions formed, upon the most liberal principles, with Blackstone, Burn, Henry, Gibbon, and many others whose works are to be found in every library. Although in success such as Mr. Cadell experienced, and which must depend ultimately on the pleasure of the public, chance may be supposed to have some influence, yet it is but justice to add that Mr. Cadell had acquired, by whatever means, an uncommon discernment in the value of books, which led him with apparent facility, and almost always with success, to predict the future fate of what was submitted to him; and when any plan of republication was discussed in conjunction with his brethren, we have the testimony of some yet living, and of many now off the stage, that no man could see more clearly than Mr. Cadell into the disposition and bias of the reading world, or dis

play more judgment in every arrangement of editions, &c calculated to gratify public taste. Hence, in his individual capacity, it was universally remarked that he gave the largest prices for the most successful works, and that at a time when their success could be only in his own contemplation; and when that success seemed to be delayed beyond all reasonable hope, even in such cases the final issue justified his original opinion, and proved that he had formed it upon substantial grounds.

In 1794 Mr. Cadell retired from business, in the full possession of his health and faculties, and with an ample fortune corresponding to the magnitude of the concerns he had so long carried on, and which were probably the greatest in Europe; and was succeeded by his only son, Thomas, and Mr. William Davies, who entered at that time into partnership. Accustomed, however, from his early days to business, Mr. Cadell senior, with a laudable ambition, sought, and most honourably obtained, a seat in the magistracy of the city of London, being unanimously elected, March 30, 1798, to the office of alderman of Walbrook ward; and the following year was elected master of the worshipful company of Stationers, whose hall he decorated with a magnificent window in stained and painted glass. At Midsummer 1800, a period when party-spirit ran high, he was elected by a very honourable majority on a poll, with his friend Mr. Perring (now sir John Perring, bart.) to the shrievalty of London and Middlesex : an office which he discharged with the entire approbation of his constituents. His conscientious attendance on its duties, for he was never absent a single Sunday from the chapel of one of the prisons, we are sorry to add, seems to have laid the foundation of that asthmatic complaint, which so fatally terminated at a period when the citizens of London, who justly esteemed him as an independent, humane, and intelligent magistrate, anticipated the speedy approach of his attainment to the highest civic honours. A sudden attack of the asthma proved fatal in the night of Sunday, Dec. 27, 1802, to the lasting regret of a numerous circle of friends, and to the loss of many public institutions of which he had. been an active governor, and to which he had been a liberal contributor. He was interred in the family vault, in the church-yard of Eltham, Kent.'

'Nichols's Life of Bowyer.-Personal knowledge.

CADOGAN (WILLIAM), a physician of considerable note in London, was educated at Oriel college, Oxford, where he took his degree of master of arts in 1755; and the same year was made bachelor and doctor in medicine. He had previously, viz. in 1750, published a small treatise on the nursing and management of children, which was much esteemed, and contributed toward abolishing some improper treatment, both in feeding and dressing infants. His rules on this subject were first adopted by the managers of the Foundling hospital, and by degrees became general. His next publication was "Dissertatious on the Gout, and all Chronical diseases," 1764, 8vo; written in a popular manher, and so generally read, that several large impressions were sold of it. The turee principal causes or sources of the gout, he says, are indolence, vexation, and intemperance. The book was animadverted upon in eleven different pamphlets, some with the authors' names, and some without, but he did not condescend to answer any of them. It is, on the whole, well written, and the regulations given for the conduct of gouty patients, with the view of mitigating the fit, and preventing frequent relapses, or returns of the complaint, are judicious, and well deserving attention. He was fellow of the college of physicians, and, which is by no means usual, spoke two Harveian orations, the one in the year 1764, the other in 1793. They were both published. He died in his eighty-sixth year, at his house in George-street, Hannover-square, Feb. 26, 1797.1

CADOGAN (WILLIAM), first earl of Cadogan, the son of Henry Cadogan, a counsellor at law, by Bridget, daughter to sir Hardress Waller, knt. was educated to a military life, and in 1701 was made quarter-master-general of the army. In 1703 he was constituted colonel of the second regiment of horse, and on August 25, 1704, brigadiergeneral, having that year behaved with great gallantry at the attack of Schellenberg, and the battle of Hochstet. In June 1705 he was elected member of parliament for Woodstock; and on July 18th of the same year, at the forcing of the French lines near Tirlemont, he behaved with remarkable bravery at the head of his regiment, which first attacking the enemy had such success, that they defeated four squadrons of Bavarian guards, drove them through two battalions of their foot, and took four standards.

1 Rees's Cyclopædia.-Lysons's Environs, Supplementary volume.