The money, weights, and measures of Austria, and the British equivalents, are as follows:

Tafeln zur Statistik der oesterreichischen Monarchie, zusammengestellt von der Direction der administrativen Statistik. Folio, Vienna, 1841-65.

Mittheilungen aus dem Gebiete der Statistik, herausgegeben von der Direction der administrativen Statistik. 8. Vienna, 1850-64.

Ausweise über den auswärtigen Handel Oesterreich's, im Sonnen-Jahre 1862. Zusammengestellt und herausgegeben von der k. k. Statistischen Central Commission. XXIII. Jahrgang. Folio. Vienna, 1864.

Hof und Staatshandbuch des Kaiserthums Oesterreich. 8. Vienna,

Reports by Mr. Fane, H. M.'s Secretary of Embassy, on the General Resources and the Commerce of Austria, dated Vienna, Dec. 31, 1862, and Feb. 16, 1863;

in Reports of Secretaries of Embassy,' &c. No. VI. London, 1863.

Reports by Mr. Fane, H. M.'s Secretary of Embassy, on the Commerce and Agriculture of Austria, dated Vienna, Dec. 31, 1863, and May 10, 1864; in Reports of Secretaries of Embassy,' &c. No. VII. London, 1864.

Statistical Tables relating to Foreign Countries. Part IX. London, 1864.

2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.

Annuario Marittimo per l'Anno 1865, compilato dal Lloyd austriaco coll' approvazione dell' eccelso i. r. governo centrale marittimo. XV. Annata. 8. Trieste, 1865.

Arenstein (Dr. Jos.) Oesterreich in der Weltausstellung. 8. Vienna, 1862. Austria. Wochenschrift für Volkswirthschaft und Statistik. Red.: L, Stein. 4. 16 Jahrgang. Vienna, 1865.

Blumenbach (W. Č. W.) Gemälde der oesterreichischen Monarchie, 3 vols. 8. Vienna, 1865.

Brachelli (H. F.) Statistik der oesterreichischen Monarchie. 8. Vienna, 1865.

Czoernig (K. Freiherr von) Statistisches Handbüchlein der oesterreichischen Monarchie. 8. Vienna, 1865.

Czoernig (K. Freiherr von) Vergleich des oesterreichischen Budgets mit denen der vorzüglicheren andern europäischen Staaten. 8. Vienna, 1864.

Czoernig (K. Freiherr von) Ethnographie der oesterreichischen Monarchie. 5 vols. 4. Vienna, 1855-63.

Friese (F.) Uebersicht der oesterreichischen Bergwerksproduction. 4. Vienna, 1861.

Jarosch (J. A.) Topographisches Universallexicon des oesterreichischen Kaiserstaats. 8. 3 vols. Olmütz, 1857-62.

Meynert (H.) Handbuch der Geographie und Staatskunde von Oesterreich. 8. Vienna, 1863.

Movimento della Navigazione e Commercio in Trieste. 8. Trieste, 1865. Prasch (V.) Handbuch der Statistik des oesterreichischen Kaiserstaats. Brünn, 1860.

8.

Schmidl (A.) Das Kaiserthum Oesterreich: geographish-statistisch- topographisch dargestellt. 8. Vienna, 1861.

Schubert (Fr. W.) Handbuch der allgemeinen Staatenkunde des Kaiserthum's Oesterreich. 8. Königsberg, 1860.

Schwab (Dr. E.) Land und Leute in Ungarn. Natur-, Cultur-, und Reisebilder. 8. Leipzig, 1865.

Stubenrauch (M. von) Statistische Darstellung des Vereinswesens im Kaiserthum Oesterreich. 8. Vienna, 1862.

Ungewitter (F. H.) Die oesterreichische Monarchie, geographisch-statistischtopographisch und historisch dargestellt. 8. Brünn, 1864.

Wessely (J.) Die oesterreichischen Alpenländer. 2 vols. 8. Vienna, 1865.

BELGIUM.

Reigning Sovereign and Family.

Leopold I., King of the Belgians, born Dec. 16, 1790, the son of Duke Francis of Saxe-Saalfeld-Coburg; educated for the military career; general in the Russian army, 1808-10, and again, 1813-15. Married, May 2, 1816, to Princess Charlotte, daughter of the late King George IV. of Great Britain, who died Nov. 6, 1817; naturalised by Act of Parliament of May 27, 1816; nominated in the same year Duke of Kendal, field-marshal in the army of Great Britain, a member of the Privy Council, and a Knight of the Order of the Garter. Refused the crown of Greece, February 1830. Elected King of the Belgians by the National Congress of Belgium, June 4, 1831; accepted the offer, July 12, and ascended the throne, July 21, 1831. Married to Princess Louise, daughter of King Louis Philippe of the French, Aug. 9, 1832, and widower, a second time, Oct. 11, 1850. Issue of the second marriage: -1. Leopold, Duke of Brabant, and heirapparent of Belgium, born April 9, 1835; married Aug. 22, 1853, to Archduchess Marie of Austria, born Aug. 23, 1836, the daughter of the late Archduke Joseph of Austria. Offspring of the union are three children, Princess Louise, born Feb. 18, 1858, Prince Leopold, Count of Hainault, born June 12, 1859, and Princess Marie, born May 21, 1864. 2. Philip, Count of Flanders, born March 24, 1837, major-general in the service of Belgium; 3. Princess Charlotte, born June 7, 1840; married July 27, 1857, to Archduke Maximilian of Austria, brother of the reigning emperor, Francis Joseph I.

King Leopold I., of the ducal house of Saxe-Coburg, is the first sovereign of Belgium, the youngest kingdom in Europe. Leopold I. has a civil list of 2,751,000 francs, or 110,0407. An additional sum of 1,450,390 francs, or 58,016l., is granted for court expenses and dotations to members of the royal house, making the sum total allowed by the country to the sovereign family 4,201,390 francs, or 168,0567. On the marriage of Leopold with the daughter of George IV., the parliament of Great Britain settled 50,000l. upon him for life; but this sum he relinquished on his accession to the throne of Belgium. The king established, not without opposition on the part of the Legislature, the civil and military order of

Leopold, on July 11, 1832. King Leopold has remained attached to the faith of his family, the Protestant religion; but his children have been educated as members of the Church of Rome.

Constitution and Government.

According to the charter of 1831, Belgium is a constitutional, representative and hereditary monarchy.' The legislative power is vested in the King, the Chamber of Representatives, and the Senate. The royal succession is in the direct male line in the order of primogeniture. The king's person is declared sacred; and his ministers are held responsible for the acts of the Government. No act of the king can have effect unless countersigned by one of his ministers, who thus becomes responsible for it. The king convokes, prorogues, and dissolves the chambers, and makes rules and orders necessary for the execution of the laws; but he has no power to suspend, or dispense with the execution of the laws themselves. He nominates to civil and military offices, and commands the sea and land forces. He declares war, and concludes treaties of peace, of alliance, and of commerce, communicating the same to the chambers as far as may be consistent with the interest and safety of the State. Those treaties which may be injurious to the State, or to the individual interests of the people, can only have effect after obtaining the sanction of the chambers. No surrender, exchange, or addition of territory can be made except when authorised by a law passed by the chambers. In no case can the secret articles of a treaty be destructive or contrary to the public clauses. The king sanctions and promulgates the laws. He has the power of remitting or reducing the punishment pronounced by the judges, except in the case of his ministers, to whom he can extend pardon only at the request of one of the chambers. He has the power of coining money according to law, and also of conferring titles of nobility, but without the power of attaching to them any privileges. In default of male heirs, the king may nominate his successor with the consent of the chambers. On the death of the king, the chambers assemble without convocation, at latest on the tenth day after his decease. From the date of the king's death to the administration of the oath to his successor, or to the regent, the constitutional powers of the king are exercised in the name of the people, by the ministers assembled in council, and on their own responsibility. The regency can only be conferred upon one person, and no change in the constitution can be made during the regency. The successor to the throne or the regent can only enter upon his duties after having taken an oath in presence of the assembled chambers to observe the laws and the constitution, to maintain the independence

of the nations and the integrity of its territory. If the successor be under eighteen years of age, which is declared to be the age of majority, the two chambers meet together for the purpose of nominating a regent during the minority. In the case of a vacancy of the throne, the two chambers, deliberating together, nominate provisionally to the regency. They are then dissolved, and within two months the new chambers must assemble, which provide definitively for the succession.

The power of making laws is vested in the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate, the members of both houses being chosen by the people. The sittings are public, and by the decision of the majority either chamber may form itself into a private committee. No person can at the same time be a member of both chambers, and no member can retain his seat after obtaining a salaried office under the Government, except on being re-elected. No member can be called to account for any votes or opinions he may have given in the performance of his duties. No member can be prosecuted or arrested during the session without the consent of the chamber of which he is a member, except in the case of being taken in flagranti crimine. Each chamber determines the manner of exercising its own powers, and every session nominates its president and vice-president, and forms its bureau. No petition can be presented personally, and every resolution is adopted by the absolute majority, except in some special cases, when two-thirds of the votes of the members are required for its acceptance; in the case of an equality of votes the proposition is thrown out. The chambers meet annually in the month of November, and must sit for at least forty days; but the king has the power of convoking them on extraordinary occasions, and of dissolving them either simultaneously or separately. In the latter case a new election must take place within forty days, and a meeting of the chambers within two months. An adjournment cannot be made for a period exceeding one month without the consent of the chambers.

The Chamber of Representatives is composed of deputies chosen directly by all citizens paying a small amount of direct taxes. The number of deputies is fixed according to the population, and cannot exceed one member for every 40,000 inhabitants. In the year 1864 they amounted to 116, elected in 41 electoral districts. The members represent the nation generally, and not merely the province or division by which they are nominated. To be eligible as a member, it is necessary to be a Belgian by birth, or to have received the 'grande naturalisation;' to be in possession of the civil and political rights of the kingdom; to have attained the age of twenty-five years, and to be resident in Belgium. The members not residing in the town where the chamber sits receive, during