Climate and Plant DistributionCambridge University Press, 1987. ápr. 23. - 174 oldal The central thesis for plant ecology is that climate exerts the dominant control on the distribution of the major vegetation types of the world. This book sets out to examine this often neglected area in two ways. In the first part the author analyses the distribution of species in relation to climate over different scales of time and place. In the second, he reviews the various approaches to explaining observed correlation between plant distribution and climate, and to establishing the mechanisms of control in physiological and biochemical terms. Dr Woodward is an authority on plant-climate relationships, and has made some of the most important contributions to our understanding of the subject. This book builds on his extensive knowledge of the subject to provide a modern text on this basic problem of plant ecology, encompassing the techniques of palaeoecology, climatology, ecology, physiology, biochemistry and genetics. |
Tartalomjegyzék
History and demonstration | 1 |
time | 3 |
Palaeoecology | 4 |
Palaeothermometry | 7 |
Correlations between climatic and vegetational change | 9 |
Conclusions | 15 |
References | 17 |
Scale | 19 |
Solar radiation and growth | 64 |
Water relations | 65 |
Low temperatures | 68 |
Frost drought | 72 |
Low temperatures and plant distribution | 74 |
Geographical limits and climate | 80 |
Predictive model for geographical distribution | 83 |
Model for hydrological balance | 84 |
Response times | 20 |
Catastrophes | 24 |
Climatic analyses | 27 |
Spectral analysis | 32 |
Relationships between periodicities and plant processes | 34 |
Conclusions | 37 |
World climate | 39 |
Longwave or terrestrial radiation | 44 |
The global energy balance | 46 |
Climatic change | 51 |
Deterministic mechanisms of climatic change | 52 |
Stochastic mechanisms of climatic change | 56 |
References | 58 |
Climate and vegetation | 62 |
An ecophysiological basis | 63 |
Tests of the hydrological model | 96 |
Global predictions | 97 |
References | 107 |
Climate and the distribution of taxa | 117 |
Dispersal and migration | 121 |
Vertical diversity | 131 |
The impact of variations in lifecycle characteristics on plant distribution | 136 |
Competition for space | 147 |
References | 155 |
Digest | 161 |
Climate and the distribution of taxa | 162 |
References | 165 |
167 | |
Más kiadások - Összes megtekintése
Gyakori szavak és kifejezések
abscission Academic Press Air Temperature Alaskan peninsula Aleutian Islands altitude annual atmosphere Betula boreal canopy cell changes in climate Chapter climatic change climatic control competitive coniferous conifers correlation cycles deciduous deciduous species density described digyna diversity dominant earth's surface Ecology effect energy environment evaporation evapotranspiration evidence example flux frequency frost drought frost resistance geographical range global Gough Island growth heat sum herbaceous Ice Age increase irradiance isotopic Jarvis Journal Larcher latitudes latitudinal leaf area index life-cycle limit long-wave low temperatures measure mechanisms membrane minimum temperature Monteith observations occur perenne period physiognomic types Picea Pinus plant distribution Plant Physiology poleward pollen population predicted Quaternary Quercus radiant balance rainfall relationship response Sakai seed self-thinning shown on Fig shrubs soil solar radiation speleothems Springer-Verlag stomatal resistance supercooling survival threshold throughfall Tilia cordata tolerance trees tropical tundra vapour variations volcanic water potential winter Woodward xylem Zealand zone