thus loft, he marched his army, compofed of 17,000 effective men, the remains of the 30,000, which had been fent into Italy, with fuch rapidity, that in five days it had advanced 116 miles, and reached Teverna, near Bellinzona on the fifteenth; that is to fay, on the very fame day on which he had propofed to be there, before the delay took place. But he unfortunately experienced another delay, which he had it not in his power to prevent. For, inftead of finding the neceffary beafts of burthen ready for him at Taverna, as had been promifed him, he was obliged to lofe three days in endeavouring to obtain them in the country; and, not be ing able to procure a fufficient number, he was obliged to difmount his Coffacks, and to employ their horfes in tranfporting the baggage. The impoffibility of making ufe of carriages in the road of the Great Alps, had obliged him to fend his artillery by the lake of Como, and the route of Chiavenna, from whence it afterwards rejoined him in the country of the Grifons. Every thing being ready for the paffage of the Alps, general Rofenberg, with the Ruffian advanced guard, twelve battalions ftrong, began his march on the nineteenth, and arrived on the fame day at Bellinzona. Fieldmarshal Suwarrow fuccefsfully croffed the Alps, drove the French from Mount St. Gothard, and forced the divifion under Lecourbe, on the twenty-fifth, to retreat to Altorff, the capital of Uri, in which canton is St. Gothard. On the twenty-feventh, he pushed his advanced-guardacross the Colmerberg, as far as Mutten, whither the remainder of the army also arrived on the twenty-eighth. Agreeably to

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arrangements previously concerted the Auftrian generals Lincken an Jellacheik were to have advance into the canton of Glarus, in orde to join themselves, on their right, t general Hotze, and on their left t marshal Suwarrow. Jellacheik ha ing, on the twenty-fixth, penetrate as far as Miollis, from which I drove the republicans, having lear the misfortunes of the precedir day, and the retreat of gener Petrarch, returned towards Sa gens, where he arrived on t twenty-feventh. General Lincke after he had, on the twenty-fixt beaten a French column under neral Soult, near Rettarn, a made himlelf mafier of Glarus, n learning that any corps, eith Auftrian or Ruffian, had penetrat into that canton, and not being at to communicate with any one, eith on his right or left, retired al and returned into the country of t Grifons. Marfhal Suwarrow, w had entertained the hope of bei joined at Mutten by general Line en, learnt, by a difpatch from th officer, the events which had tak place on the Linth, and the Li mat; and it may be a well co ceived with what bitter regret faw the hopes vanifh, through ! mifconduct of others, which I brought him into Switzerland. was excufable in him to rece this blow of fortune with fome i patience. In circumstances fo tical, however, instead of fall back on St. Gothard, or retir into the country of the Grifons, refolved to pafs by the Matten i Clonthal, into the canton of C rus, there to join genera! Linck flattering himself that, news of his arrival, and of the parture of general Malena to

on

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pare him, generals Korfakow and Petrach having a lefs force against teem might be enabled to turn about, and that every thing might be retrieved. It was in this hope, lo glorious for him to have ftill retained, that he wrote to the Ruffian general Korfakow's army "You will answer with your heads for every farther step that you retreat. I am coming to repair your faults." On the thirtieth, marthal Suwarrow put himlelf in motion, by the Muttenthal, and through a feries of bloody combats, the whole march being in a manner one engagement, pushed on through the narrow valey of Muttenthal. On the fame day he was purfued by Maffena, who had joined Lecourbe at Altorfhaffen, as advanced guard, 4,000 trong came up, on that day, with general Rofenberg, and attacked him, but was repulfed with lofs. On the next day, the first of October, Maffena came in perfon, with 1000 men against general Rofenberg, who was left at Mutten to guard the entrance of that valley, and to fecure the march of the reft of the army. Maffena attacked him in three columns, one keeping the centre of the valley, and the two others occupying the two fides of the Eountains. General Rofenberg charged Maffena's centre with three battalions, and forced it to take to Eight; an example which was folwed by the other two columns. The Ruffians purfued the enemy beyond Schmitz, after having killed or wounded 5 or 6000 men, and taken more than 1000 prifoners. These advantages, gained at the fame time by the advanced and the rear guard, gave the Ruffians peaceable poffeffion of the road from Schmitz to Glarus, in which faft town they collected their fick and

wounded. The field-marshal had flattered himself that he should there be joined by fome Auftrian corps. But general Petrarch having already retreated into the Voralberg, and generals Jellacheik and Lincken into the country of the Grifons, the Ruffian general had no other fupport to expect but that of one Auftrian brigade, under general Auffemberg. He was obliged, therefore, notwithstanding an ardent defire to maintain himfelf in the fmall cantons, to renounce it, and to think of his own fafety, already greatly endangered. Having allowed his army to repole three days he began his march, on the fifth of October, toward the Grifon country, leaving his wounded at Glarus. After an arduous and fatiguing march, through the vallies of Zernaff and Ileim, where he was fometimes obliged to cut away along the fides of rocks, and in which he loft part of his beafts of burthen and baggage, and a pretty large number of foldiers, not able to follow him, it reached the valley of the Rhine; and, on the eighth, was reunited in the environs of Chur, ftill amounting to near 14,000 men ; having thus loft, in this fhort, but terrible campaign, 3000 men, in killed, wounded, or miffing. killed, wounded, and prifoners, the French lost at least 4000.

In

marshal Suwarrow, and with the inconvenience which thence refulted to Maliena, he was delivered from all apprehenfion of an eruption beyond the Rhine, on the part of the French, and refolved to carry the war again into the canton of Zurich, with the intention of making a diverfion, at least, in favour of the Ruffian general, and thus to enable him either to derive advantage from his first fucceffes, or to fecure his retreat into the Grifon country. This diverfion, however, fo much wifhed for by Suwarrow, and rendered neceffary by circumftances, was refolved on too late. The field-marfhal was already in the valley of the Rhine, and Maffena already returned with his troops into the canton of Zurich.

The Ruffian army, under prince Korfakow, after the retreat from Zurich, took a pofition extending from Eglifau to Conftance. On the fixth of October, the French, in force, came to reconnoitre, and retired in the evening; but, as fuppofed, not far, and therefore an immediate attack was expected. General Korfakow the next morning crofted the Rhine, to feck the enemy, and found him ftrongly pofted. Notwithstanding fuch a fituation, the general of the Ruffians attacked him immediately, with the greateft intrepidity, and with fixed bayonets. The French fled to the woods, by which their right was covered, and endeavoured to take a fresh pofition, from which they were likewife driven, as they were from a third, which was nearly more unfortunate than the two others. Two of their battalions had thrown down their arms, and were on the point of furrendering, when their cavalry,

and a large body of infantry, hes!ed by Malena, in perfon, came up and faved them. It being no lon ger prudent to continue the en gagement against a force now he. come greatly fuperior, and what might be ftill farther reinforced, general Korfakow withdrew his corps, and arrived in his camp at fix in the evening. At the fa time, the French attacked the tow of Conftance, where the princeg Condé was ftationed with his tre%, amounting to 4 or 5,000. T prince being too weak in numbers to oppofe the enemy, and de*} the town, after fome unfucccbu efforts, was obliged to reta and finding the town in potiebes of the enemy, and no other meas of bringing off his troops, was forced upon the measure of fighe his way through the fireets; mu execution of which defperate at fure, his corps difplayed the great gallantry, particularly the g diers of Bourbon. encamped on the other fide ofte lake, and on the ninth fixed head-quarters at Stachingen, per Stock-ach. It may be expering that fomething fhall be faid y regard to the lofs of men, on bot fides, in Switzerland, from th twenty-fifth of September to the ninth of October. According to the moft ingenious and accurate computation, it appears, that the void occafioned in the ranks of lo allies, in the courfe of three weeks was about 15,000 men; and tat the lofs of the French, in the fane period, did not exceed 9,000.

The pri

The pofition taken by the two Ruffian armies, behind the lake of Confiance, obliged prince Charles to put his troops in motion. He reinforced generals Lineken, A

emberg

emberg, and Jellacheik, in the Voralberg, and the the country of the Grifons. Several companies of chaffeurs were formed of the inhabitants of that district, and many more of thofe of the Tyrol, Thefe measures, together with the feafon, put the Grifon country out danger, and enabled prince Charles to employ his forces in Franconia and Suabia, till he should receive the new regiments, which were haftening to him, out of Auftria and Bohemia. After refting his army two or three days in the environs of Thur, marfhal Suwarrow proceeded on his route to operate with the other Ruffian army on the banks of the lake of Confiance: a junction which he had hoped to form on the Reufs. On the thirteenth, he arrived at Feldkirk, and on the fixteenth at Ladau, where he was joined, on the eighteenth, by general Korfakow's corps, which had re-afcended the Rhine, and been fucceeded on that river by the army of the archduke. The two Ruffian armies, united, formed one of about 25,000 effective men, the remains of 70, Dominally, who, in the courfe of the campaign, had been fent into Italy and Switzerland, but who, in fact, amounted to no more than 50,000 in the field. Marfball Suwarrow, and general Korfakow, had nearly the fame number of men under their command: and the former, during more than fix months of the most active and eventful campaign, loft no greater cumber in killed, and not near fo many prifoners, as general KorfaLow loft in the space of fifteen days. The first has enjoyed the Fonour of victory; the fecond has ffered the difgrace of defeat. VOL. XLI.

Such is the difference refulting from the choice of generals, and fuch the importance of that ghoice!

Marthal Suwarrow, who had his head-quarters at Lindau till the thirtieth, without having had an interview with prince Charles, quitted the banks of the lake of Conftance, with his whole army, and that of the prince of Condé, and marched towards Augfburg, where he arrived on the eighth of November, with all his ftaff, and fixed his head-quarters. A few days afterwards, he received orders from Petersburgh, to re-conduct his army into the flates of his fovereign; and thefe orders he put in execution about the end of the month. The Ruffian troops traverfed Bavaria and the Upper Palatinate. Fresh orders flopped them on the frontiers of Bohemia: and marthal Suwarrow placed his head-quarters at Prague, from whence he continued his march towards Ruffia fome time thereafter.

The French, ever fince the retaking of Manheim, by the Auftrians, had kept on the defentive, guarding, with attention, the left bank of the Rhine. But general Ney, at this time commanding the army of the Rhine, had no fuoner learnt the victories of Maflena, and the departure of the archduke, than he thought of again refuming the offenfive. His army amounted to about 25,000 men, and fome reinforcements were on their march to join it. On the morning of the fourth of October, the French, fetting off, in force, from Mentz, advanced rapidly on the route towards Frankfort, which they entercd, and on which they attempted to levy, as they had done but lately, a fevere contribution.

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