in the Boughton district, 415; sir J. Graham
compelled to withdraw his education clauses in
the Bill for regulating labour in factories, 515;
government grant to Maynooth College; esta-
blishment of the three Irish secular colleges of
Cork, Galway, and Belfast, 529
Egalité. See Orléans, duc d'.

Egerton, Colonel, unsuccessful results of his Mah-
ratta expedition, vii. 129

Egerton, lord F., urges the importance of reducing
the paper duty, 1836, viii. 372.

Egremont, lord, secretary of state, 1761-3 vi. 253,
321; again secretary of state, 1763, 261; dies
of apoplexy, 263

Ehrenbreitstein capitulates to the French, Jan.
1799, vii. 382

El Arish seized by Jezzar, 1799, vii. 379; recovered
by the Allies, 405

Elchingen, battle of, 1805, vii. 444

Eldon, John Scott, lord, his maiden speech on
Fox's India bill, 1783, vii. 138; attorney-general;
draws up the Traitorous Correspondence bill, 267;
his prosecution speech against Hardy, 301; chan-
cellor, 1801-1806, 401, 577; his opinion of the
Volunteers, 429; against an administration on a
viii. 158, 204; his political opinions, vii., 542; op-
poses any repeal of the laws, viii. 62; his opinion of
broad basis, 431; chancellor, 1807-1827, 481, 577;
the criminal code, 63; advocates the abolition of
the appeal of murder, 101, 102; considers the
Manchester reform men as guilty of treason, 108;
promotes the passing of the six acts, 1819, 109;
recognises Caroline as queen of England, 165;
opposes any measures unfavourable to the corn-
laws, 200, 201; his test of official fitness: anec-
dote of, at the duke of York's funeral, 1827, 202;
resigns his chancellorship on the accession of
the Canning ministry, 1827, 204; considers him-
self ill-used on being omitted from the Wellington
ministry, 228; objects to the bill for the repeal
of the Corporation and Test acts, 233; opposes
the relief of Roman Catholics, 238; endeavours
to persuade the king to refuse his assent to the
measure, 240, 241; his fears for the destruction
of the aristocracy by the Reform bill, 273; his
speech against reform, 1831, 282, 283; against the
repeal of the corn-laws, 1833, 210, 311; laments
his inability to obtain the rejection of the Muni-
cipal Reform bill, 364, 365

Elections and election scenes, v. 305; vii. 144; viii.
98, 235, 236, 301, 302

Elgin marbles purchased by government, 1816, viii.

150

Elie, his share in the attack on the Bastille, 1789,
vii. 173

Elizabeth, princess, accompanies Louis in his
flight from Paris, 1791, vi. 200-202; guillotined,
1794, vii. 298

Elizabeth, czarina of Russia, joins the coalition
against Prussia, vi. 215; reigned, 1741-1762, 465
Elkington, Joseph, discovers the system of under
drainage, vii. 26

Ellenborough, lord; lord chief justice, vii. 463;
determines to preside in court, and to convict
W. Hone, viii. 88, his harshness and persecution
of the prisoner, who obtains a verdict of not
guilty, ibid.; presides over another trial with
the same result, 89; conduct after the trial;
contemplates resigning his office, 90; President
of the Board of Control, 354; governor-general of
India, 459; his proclamations to the people of
India, 460, 461; makes war on the Mahrattas;
recalled by the East India Company, 511
Ellesmere, lord, denies that Wellington was sur-
prised at Waterloo, viii. 28, 29

Elliott, captain, superintendent at Canton; his pro-
ceedings; blockades Canton; his arrival at the
Factory described, viii. 445; his futile attempts at
negotiation, 447; settles the difficulties, 448
Elliot, general, governor of Gibraltar; his defence
of the fort, 1782, vi. 451, 453, 454
Elliott, Mrs., quotation from, on the execution of
Louis XVI., vii. 251, 252; anecdote by, of the
French feeling towards Fox and Pitt, 270
Elphinstone, major-general, appointed to command
the British army in Cabul, viii. 453; his con-

ference with Akbar Khan, 457; died April 23,
1842, 459

Emaun-Ghur, Napier's march to, and destruction
of, viii. 508, 509

Emigration, extent of, 1815-1852, viii. 409
Emmanuel College chapel, Cambridge, built, by
Wren, v. 454

Emmett, Robert, heads an insurrection in Dublin,
July 23, 1803, vii. 426; trial and execution of, 427
Enghien, duc d', arrest and murder of, March 21,
1804, vii. 433

Engraving, state of, temp. 1760-83, vii. 77; Strange
and Woollett, ibid.; mezzotint engraving and
engravers, 78; Boydell, his large business in en-
gravings, 78, 79; extension of the public taste
for, viii. 156; Sharp, and other line engravers,
156, 157; wood engraving revived by Bewick; his
publications; lithography and its earliest culti

vators, 157

Enniskillen, the Irish Protestants take refuge in,
1689, v. 82; threatened siege of, 86

Episcopalian clergy, of Scotland, not well favoured
towards the Test act, v. 88; hatred of the Scotch
to the, 87

Episcopalians, their strength in Scotland, v. 130
Ercole, Renaldo, duke of Modena, vii. 326; buys
Bonaparte off his territories, 327

Ernest Augustus of Hanover. See Cumberland.
Erskine. See Mar, earl of.

Erskine, Thomas, lord, defends lord George Gordon,
1781, vi. 410: his maiden speech, 1783; advocates
Fox's India bill, vii. 138; defends Paine, 1792,
248; opposes the Traitorous Correspondence bill,
267; counsel for Thomas Hardy, 301; his reply
to the attorney-general's charge, 302; defends
Tooke and Thelwall, 303; passage from his speech
for Hardy, 304; lord chancellor, 1806, 464, 577
Espremenil arrested and imprisoned for opposing
the establishment of "La Cour Plenière," vii.
163

Essayists; the "Tatler" commenced by Richard
Steele, 1709, v. 402; its aim; it becomes the sub-
stitute of the old newspapers, 403; influence and
objects of the, 406; their endeavours in diffusing
knowledge, 407, 408; they direct the attention of
the people to our old English ballads, and our
standard poets, 408, 409; and create a general
taste for reading, 413; their description of the
prude and the coquette, 423; of puppet shows
and the masquerade, 424, 425; their reprobation
of drinking in excess, 426; of giving luxurious
dinners, and of duelling, 427; the "Rambler,"
commenced by Johnson, 1750; the "Idler," 1758;
the "Adventurer," issued 1752; the " 'World,'
1753; and the "Connoisseur," 1754; Moore and
Cambridge; Colman and Thornton, vii. 89
Essequibo retaken by the French, vi. 434
Essex, London supply of food from, vii. 8; extinc-
tion of saffron cultivation in, 9
Essling. See Aspern.

Eugene, prince, commands the Austrian army,
1701, v. 250; becomes a confidant of Marlbo
rough's v. 277; sent to cover the Rhine in the
campaign of 1704, ibid.; announces the move-
ments of the Gallo-Bavarian army to Marlbo-
rough, 280; having united his force with Marlbo-
rough's, they resolve to give the enemy battle, 281;
marches against them, Aug. 13, and takes up his
position on the right, in front of the clector,
with difficulty, 281; his attacks upon whom
meet with but slight success, 283; his troops are
mistaken for those of the enemy, 284; joins the
duke of Savoy's forces; defeats the French, and
drives them out of Italy, 1706, 300; plans with
Marlborough an attack upon France; crosses the
Alps and the Var, and sets down before Toulon,
July 25, 1707, 332; joins Marlborough, 336; directs
the siege of Lille, 1708, 340; encamps with Marlbo-
rough and 100,000 men before Lille, June 21, 1709;
Tournay surrenders, 343; aids in investing Douay,
1710, 362; visits London, 391; conducts the cam-
paign of 1712, in co-operation with the duke of
Ormond; opens the siege of Quesnoy; it sur-
renders July 4, 392; he is deserted by the duke
of Ormond, and defeated by Villars at Denain,
July 21, 393; defeats the Turks at Peterwaradin,

1717, vi. 32; conducts the war against marshal
Berwick, 1734, 71; died 1736, ibid.
Evans, sir De Lacy; commands the British Legion
in Spain, viii. 373

Evelyn, John, his uncertainty as to James II.'s
whereabouts, v. 79; his grumble at Duncombe,
113 his house at Sayes Court is hired by
William for Peter the Great, 1698, 211; notes on
Wren, and the rebuilding of St. Paul's, 449; in-
troduces Gibbons into notice, 459

Evertsen, Dutch admiral, engaged in the defeat off
Beachy Head, 1690, v. 111

Ewart introduces the Counsel for Prisoners' bill
twice, viii. 370

Excise scheme, by Walpole; he fails in passing the
bill embodying this scheme, 1733, vi. 69-71
Exmouth, lord, concludes a treaty with Algiers; an
outrage having been committed on the British, he
is sent out with an expedition, viii. 48; his offered
terms not being answered, 48, 49: he fights the
battle of Algiers, Aug. 27, 1816, 49, 50; and on
the following morning the Dey accepts the terms
originally offered, 50

Eylau, battle of, Feb. 9, 1807, vii. 481, 482

Fearney, William, his share in capturing the San
Josef, 1797, vii. 337

Federation Fête at Paris, July 14, 1790, vii. 188, 189
Females, political zeal of, first half of 18th century,
v. 417, 418; employments and dress of, 418, 419;
estimate of their character, 419, 420
Fens, drainage of the Lincolnshire, v. 21, 22; vii.
14, 15

Fenwick, sir John, implicated by Goodman in the
Invasion plot, 1696, v. 196; there being deficient
legal evidence to convict him, he is attainted and
executed, Jan. 28, 1697, 197

Ferand, a deputy in the French Convention;
murdered, 1795, vii. 321

Ferdinand I. of the Two Sicilies. See Ferdinand
IV. of Naples.

Ferdinand III., grand-duke of Tuscany; recognises
the French Republic, vii. 326

Ferdinand IV. of Naples, 1759-1806, vi. 466; vii.
575; flies to Palermo, 1799, vii. 382; 1806, 473;
reascends the throne, 1815; in 1816 he assumed
the title of Ferdinand I. of the Two Sicilies,
succeeded by Francis in 1825, 575
Ferdinand VII. of Spain solicits Napoleon's pro-
tection, 1808, vii. 497; Charles IV. abdicates the
crown in favour of, Mar. 19, 498; falls into Napo-
leon's power, ibid. proclaimed king of Spain,
1808; war declared against France, 499; recog-
nised by Napoleon as king of Spain, 1814, 568,
574; released by the French, 1823, viii. 183; died
1833, 268, 373

Ferdinand, Don, duke of Parma, vii. 326; buys
Napoleon off his territories, 327

Ferguson, his march on Solignac hindered, vii.
502, 503

Ferozeshah, battle of, Dec. 21 and 22, 1845, viii.,
544, 545

Fersen, count de, aids in contriving Louis's flight
from Paris, 1791, vii. 200, 201

Feudal rights abolished in France, 1789, vii. 176
Feuillans, a French political party, twice obtains
the administration of affairs, 1792, vii. 217, 218;

220

Fielding, Henry, produces his "Pasquin." 1737, vi.
90; his "Inquiry into the Causes of the late
Increase of Robbers," 1750; places of entertain-
ment; drunkenness, 191; gaming among the
vulgar; his account of the state of London, 192;
his "Adventures of Joseph Andrews," published,

623

1742: its success; Johnson's opinion of, vii. 88;
"Jonathan Wild," published, 1743; "Tom Jones,"
1749, 89; "Amelia," 1751; died, 1754, ibid.; de-
scription of contemporary manners by, 91-94,
107, 113, 114, 120

Fieschi. See Louis Philippe, vfii., 374

Firmin, his scheme for employing the poor; his
religious tenets; his death puts a stop to the
printing of Socinian books, v. 205

Fisher, captain, communicates to Portland a design
against William's life, v. 189

Fitzgerald, lord Edward, brother of the duke of
Leinster, vii. 363; a member of the Irish Direc-
tory: on the arrest of the other members he
conceals himself; his house surrounded by the
military; he resists, kills the magistrate, and is
himself shot, 364; died June 5, 1798, ibid.
Fitzgerald, captain Robert, saves Dublin from being
plundered and burnt, 1690, v. 114

Fitzgerald, Vesey, president of the Board of Trade,
viii. 234; influence among the Clare Roman
Catholics, 235

Fitzharris, lord, description of Pitt's feelings on
lord Melville being censured by parliament, 1805,
vii. 439

Fitzherbert, Mrs., marries the prince of Wales
(George IV.), Dec. 21, 1787, vii. 152

Fitzwilliam, earl, lord lieutenant of Ireland; re-
called the same year, vii. 316, 362; dismissed his
lord lieutenancy of the West Riding, viii. 108
Flaxman, John, an eminent sculptor, vii. 79, 80;
high character of his designs, viii. 149

Fleet prison, state of the, 1729, 1730, vi. 63, 64
Flesselles, mayor of Paris, shot, July 1789, vii. 174
Fletcher of Saltoun, his opinion on the relative
positions of England and Scotland, v. 214
Fletcher, lieutenant-colonel, helps Wellington in
constructing the lines of Torres Vedras, vii. 524
Fleurus, battle of, 1690, v. 120; May 29, 1794, vii.

312

Fleury, cardinal, prime minister of Louis XV., vi.
54; his offers to the English, 96

Flitcroft, architect of Woburn House, v. 458
Florida ceded to Spain, 1782, vi. 458; to Great
Britain, 1763, 467; to the United States, 1820,
viii. 382

Flushing, failure of the British to take, 1809, vii.
519, 520

Foley, captain, commander of the Goliath at the
battle of the Nile, 1798, vii. 356; present at the
battle of Copenhagen, 1801, 404

Folly, the coffee-house; its visitors, v. 57, 58
Fontainebleau, peace of, Sept. 2, 1679, v. 388;

treaty of, vii. 495; concordat at, Jan. 25, 1813, 580
Fontenoy, battle of, May 11, 1745, vi. 113, 114
Fonthill erected by Wyatt, viii. 141

Food, supply of London with, 19th century, viii.

387-389

Forbes, Duncan, lord advocate, 1736, vi. 83; con-
ducts the inquiry into the Porteous riots, ibid. ;
proposed the enlisting of Scotch regiments,
116, 117; MacDonald informs him of Charles
Edward's descent upon Scotland, 123; considers
it rash and desperate, 125
Forster commands the English in the Pretender's
army, vi. 11; assumes the command of the whole
army on English ground, 12, 13; his preparations
for the enemy, 13, 14; tries to obtain favourable
terms of surrender, 14; escapes from Newgate,
21, 22

Fort Augustus destroyed by the Highlanders, vi.

165

Fort Boyer captured by the British, Feb. 1815, viii.

19

Fort Edward taken by Burgoyne, 1777, vi. 379
Fort St. George capitulates to the British, 1746, vi.
201

Foster, speaker of Irish House of Commons; his
passing the Union bill described, vii. 375, 376
Foster, John, his "Essays," viii. 129
Fouché, his share in the execution of the Lyonnese,
1793, vii. 285, 286; assists Bonaparte's intrigues,
383

Foulon, intendant of marine, vii. 170; murdered
by the mob, 175; La Fayette attempts to save
him, ibid.

Foundling Hospital established by captain Coram ;
it promotes, instead of repressing, the great social
evil, vii. 118, 119

Fourbin, admiral, commands the fleet conveying
the pretender James and his force to Scotland;
he fails in making a landing and returns to Dun-
kirk, 1708, v. 335

Fox, Charles James, his first speech in parliament,
1769, vi. 293; indignation of, at government's
conduct towards Burgoyne, 382, 383; leader of
his party; character, 432; strong language used
by, in moving for an amendment of the king's
address; motion lost, 433; secretary of state,
1782, 436; his resolution to carry Burke's Econo-
mical Reform bill, 439, 440; moves the repeal of
the statute asserting Ireland's dependence, 447;
has differences with Shelburne in the negotia-
tions with Franklin for a treaty of peace, 450;
resigns his secretaryship, ibid. ; mistake of, 451;
commencement of the party conflict between
Pitt and, 459; secretary of state, 1782, 469;
excesses in gambling, and remarkable elasticity
of mind, vii. 105; coalesces with lord North, ap-
pointed secretary of state, 135; re-elected for
Westminster; unpopularity, ibid.; his India bill;
proposes to govern India by a board, 137; bill
carried in the Commons, 138; rejected by the
lords, 138, 139; the king orders him to give up
his office, 139; contests the seat for Westminster;
enthusiasm of the duchess of Devonshire in his
cause; fails, but takes his seat as a Scotch repre-
sentative, 144; considers France England's
natural foe, 149; denies that the prince of Wales
had married Mrs. Fitzherbert, 152; renounces
the prince's acquaintance on hearing that such
really was the case, 153; supports the prince's
claim to the regency, ibid.; in raptures on hear-
ing of the fall of the Bastille, 183; opposes the
army estimates, 186; disputes with Burke, 186,
187; proposes the abolition of the Corporation
and Test acts, 187; differs with Burke in his
opinion on the new constitution of France, 193,
194; which results in a breach of friendship, 194;
emotion evinced by, ibid.; favours the abolition
of the slave trade, 212; his Libel bill; difficulty
of passing it through the Lords, 212, 213; at-
tempts made by lord Loughborough to bring
about a coalition between Pitt and, 213; his
opinion of the September massacres, 1792, 231; joy
of, at the Prussian retreat, 236; anxiety for Louis's
fate; proposes that the national sense against his
execution be made known to France, 243; Port-
land and other whigs separate from Fox, and join
Pitt's party, 245; opposes Pitt's Indian Declara-
tory bill, 1788, 257; opposes the policy of warring
with France, 265, 266; and the Traitorous Cor-
respondence bill, 267; popularity of, in France,
270; proposes that peace be re-established with
France, 276; defends the duke of York and
blames Pitt for the Dunkirk failure, 1793, 283;
speech of, on the stability of the Jacobin govern-
ment, 292; his indignation at the project of
assimilating the English and Scottish laws on
sedition and leasing-making, 299; his indigna-
tion at Pitt's coercive measures; dreads the ap-
proach of absolutism, 324; secedes from the whig
party, 350; again appears in his place in parlia-
ment, Jan. 1800, 390; desires peace, 418; his
admiration of Pitt's speech, 424; the king refuses
to admit him to his counsels, 1804, 431; secretary
of state for foreign affairs, 1806, 464; the king
becomes reconciled to, 465; declining health of,
466; died, Sept. 13, 1806, 466, 470; his last speech
in parliament, 468; fails in obtaining peace, 468,
470; buried with public honours, Oct. 10, 470;
rivalry with Pitt, 471

Fox, Henry, lord Holland, his opinion of the re-
bellion of 1745, vi. 133; married the duke of
Richmond's daughter clandestinely; opposes the
Marriage act of 1753, 193; Newcastle offers him
the secretaryship of state with the lead of the
Commons; refuses them, 198, 199; obtains a seat
in the cabinet, deserting Pitt, 1754, 200; favours
the bringing over foreign troops for the defence
of this country, 212; secretary of state; resigns
this office, Oct., 1756, 217; created lord Holland,

1763; retires from public affairs; retaining his
office of paymaster, 261

Fox, commodore, takes 40 French ships 1747, vi.

179

Francis I. of Austria. See Francis II. of Germany.
Francis II. of Germany, succeeds Leopold as king
of Hungary, 1792, vii. 217; rules Lombardy, 326;
welcomes the Russians into Moravia, 382; joins
the coalition against France, ibid. ; joins his army
at Austerlitz; interview with Napoleon; his
cessions by the peace of Presburg, 450; emperor
of Germany, 1792-1806; Francis I. of Austria,
1806-1835, 574; viii. 268

Francis, John, his attempt on the Queen's life,
1842, viii. 497

Francis, sir Philip, said to be the author of Junius'
letters, vi. 295; reports the speeches of Mansfield
and Chatham, 1770, 301; appointed a member of
the Calcutta council; opposes Hastings; brings
charges of corruption against him, vii. 126; im-
moralities of; assumes the governor-general's
power on hearing of Hastings's resignation, 127;
duels with Hastings; wounded; resigns office;
returns to England, 130; his speech on our alli-
ance with France, 149

Franklin, Benjamin, printer of the "Craftsman";
convicted of libel for writing an article therein,
1731, vi. 67; opposes the passing of the Stamp
Act, 1765, 272; recommends the Americans to
submit for awhile, ibid.; examined by the House
of Commons on the American Stamp Act; the
condition of the North American colonies, 280;
the temper of the colonists towards Great Britain
before 1763; the American spirit and resolution
never to pay the stamp duty, 281; appears before
the lords of the council, as agent for Massachu-
setts; insulted by them; dismissed his post of
deputy postmaster-general, 338; returns to
America; deprecates attempting to restore the
interests between England and America, 353;
but still shrinks from war, 354; his conference
with lord Howe; despatched to Paris to procure
a treaty of alliance with the French court; lands
in France, Dec. 8, 1776; presents a memorial to
count de Vergennes, 372; his reception in the
Parisian court circles; his influence upon the
national thought, 373; besieged by applications
to recommend officers for the American service,
377; minister plenipotentiary of the United Siates,
May, 1779; entrusts Paul Jones with the com-
mand of an expedition against the British coasts,
397; his predictions of the future of America,
422; negotiates with Shelburne and Fox for a
treaty of peace, 449, 450; one of the commis-
sioners for settling the articles of peace be-
tween England and America; signs the pre-
liminaries, Nov. 30, 1783, 457; recommends amity
between England and America, 460
Fraser, John. See Mac Iver.
Frazer, general, repulsed at Alexandria, 1807, vii.

485

Frederick, prince of Wales; his income dependent
upon the will of his father, George II, vi. 58,
59; his arrival in England, 1728; fails in ob-
taining princess Wilhelmina of Prussia in mar-
riage, 61; his popularity; marries the princess of
Saxe-Gotha, April 27, 1736, 84; opposes his father;
applies to parliament for an increase of income,
85; fails in obtaining it, ibid.; will not allow his
wife to be confined at Hampton Court; hurries
her to St. James's, ibid.; where she gives birth to
a girl; the king's anger at his conduct; he is
banished from St. James's; removes to Norfolk
House, 1737, 86; his popularity increases, ibid. ;
his mother refuses to see him on her dying bed,
ibid.; his son George Augustus (afterwards George
III.) born, May 25, 1738, 91; his apparent recon-
ciliation with his father, 108; his death, March
20, 1751, 188; receives but few honours at his
burial; his son George created prince of Wales;
a revenue is assigned to his widow, 189; who dies
Feb. 1772, 338

Frederick I. of Prussia; elector of Brandenburg;
fights against the French at Fleurus, v. 120; pre-
sent at the congress at the Hague, 122; invested
with the Garter, 122, 123; his character, 123;

Russia; jealousy of his son, 28; dismisses Towns-
hend his secretaryship; offers him the lord
lieutenancy of Ireland, ibid.; announcements
on opening parliament, 1717, of the triple alli-
ance, and Gyllenberg's arrest, 29; quarrels with
the prince of Wales, 32; speech on opening parlia
ment, 1718, 35; recommends the settling of the
peerage question, 37, 38; recommends the con-
sideration of the national debts, 40; dissuaded
from going to Hanover, 1722, 48; James' proposal
to, 49; announces the treaty of Hanover, 1725,
55; speech at closing the session, 1727; sets out
for Hanover, June 3; dies on his journey, June
10, 56

George II., his father's jealousy of him, 1716,
vi. 28; appointed guardian of the realm during
George I.'s absence in Hanover, ibid.; quarrels
with his father, 1717, 32, 33; banished from the
royal residence; sets up an opposition court at
Leicester House; the earl of Berkeley makes a
proposal to George I. to seize him and carry him
to America, 33; governor of a Welsh copper com-
pany, 41; succeeds his father to the throne of
England, June, 1727, 57; R. Walpole obtains
a confirmation of his power through queen
Caroline's influence, and by bribing the king, 58;
the civil list revenue settled on him as income,
ibid.; his son, Frederick, prince of Wales, depen-
dent upon him for his income, 58, 59; fought at
Oudenarde and Dettingen; influence of the queen
over, 59; conduct of, towards the prince of Wales,
61; remarks on opening parliament, 1732; strikes
Pulteney's name off the privy council list, 66;
determined to stand by Walpole, 70; speech on
opening parliament, 1734, 71, 72; his warlike
desires, 72; visits Hanover; returns to England,
Oct. 22, 1735, 77; his unpopularity; pasquinade
on, 84; returns to England, Dec. 1736; quarrels
with his son, 85; banishes him from St. James'
palace, 86; illness of the queen; and death, Nov.
20, 1737, 86-88; his grief, 87, 88; the birth of
George III. excites in him a stronger jealousy
towards his son, 91; announces the convention
with Spain on opening parliament, 1739, 94; calls
upon parliament for support against Spain, 96;
speech to parliament, 1740, 101; goes to Hanover,
1741; concludes a treaty of neutrality without his
ministers' knowledge, 103; exults at the results of
his mediation between Hungary and Prussia, 107;
reconciled to his son, whom he admits to court,
108; national jealousy roused by his taking
Hanoverian troops into English pay, 109; pro-
rogues parliament; lends his army to Maria
Theresa; departs for Germany, 110; joins his
army, June 19, 1743; commands the rear guard;
his gallantry; gains the battle of Dettingen, June
27; and expels the French from Germany; his
enthusiastic reception in England, 111; restrained
from leaving England, 1744, 112; returns from
Hanover, Aug. 31, 1745, 137; Andrew Drummond
becomes his private banker, 153; refuses to
nominate Pitt secretary at war, 179; speech on
opening parliament, 1747, 181; death of the prince
of Wales, March 20, 1751, 188; his grandson
assumes the title; desires the duke of Cumber-
land to be sole regent, 189; asks for increased
forces, 201; goes to Hanover; ministerial difficul-
ties about subsidies, 208; his address; supported
by Hamilton and Fox; opposed by Pitt, 210;
introduces Hessian troops for England's defence,
212; speech of, 1756; forms a treaty with Frederick
of Prussia, 214, 215; different tone of speech,
1756; his real opinions, 218; asks parliament for a
subsidy to Prussia, 219; attempts made to dupe,
220; his strong dislike to Pitt and Temple; fails
to form a ministry, 221; finally compelled to
accept the Pitt administration, 222; his anger at
the duke of Cumberland, 229; refuses to ratify
the convention of Closter-Seven, 231; recom-
mends a Prussian subsidy, 232; death of, Oct. 25,
1760, 240

George III. born May 24, O. S. 1738, vi. 91; attains
his majority; entreats not to be separated from
his mother, 216; lord Bute is made his groom of
the stole, 217; succeeds George II. as king, 1760;
his conduct on hearing of his father's death, 241;

character and education, 242, 243; Bute's in-
fluence over, 244; opens parliament, Nov. 15,
ibid.; his speech; the Commons vote him
£800,000; his enthusiastic reception by the
people; policy of his reign, 245; recommends an
act for securing the independence of judges, 246;
marriage projects; his choice falls upon princess
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 247; whom he
marries, Sept. 8, 1761; her character and appear-
ance, 248; coronation, Sept. 22, 249; gives Pitt a
pension, 252; promises a vigorous prosecution of
the war, 253; resolves on war with Spain, 254;
speech of, 1762, 256; Bute attempts to uphold the
principle of prerogative, 260; speech on the peace,
1763, and its advantages, 261, 262; desires to
govern and form a ministry of his own, 264; his
sensitiveness on the general warrants question,
268; orders Conway and others voting against the
ministry to be dismissed their offices, 269; illness
of, 275; his indignation at the conduct of his
ministers in the Regency bill matter induces him
to offer Pitt the premiership; Pitt's terms, 276;
Temple persuades Pitt to break off the negotia-
tions: his disgust at the conduct of Grenville and
Bedford, 277; orders the suppression of the
American disturbances, 279; his right to make
laws for the colonies declared, 282; expresses
himself as being now for and now against the
repeal of the Stamp act, 283; seeks Pitt's advice
as to a new ministry, 285; urges Pitt's expulsion
from parliament, 292; Junius' address to; speech
on proroguing parliament, 1769; his graziers'
speech on opening parliament, 1770, 300; offers
North the lord commissionership of the treasury,
305; speech, 1768, on North American proceedings,
308; address and remonstrance of the city of
London to, 314, 315; his harsh reply, 314; a
second remonstrance presented to, by Beckford,
with a speech; no intimation having previously
been given he is at a loss what to do, 315; his in-
dignation at the lord mayor's charging a House of
Commons' officer with assault for arresting Miller,
a printer, 317: speech on opening the session,
1770, 323; imprisonment of his sister the queen of
Denmark; obtains her release, 330; requests
parliament to amend the laws respecting royal
marriages, 330, 331; message to parliament on
the Boston outrages, 338; his letter to North
favouring military measures against America,
339; speech, 1774, 345; his answer to a remon-
strance presented by Wilkes, 348; his estimate of
the value of addresses; speech, 1775, on the
American war, 359; the petition of congress to,
rejected, 360; his opinion of Chatham's speech
advising a cessation of hostilities with America,
376; speech, 1777, 380; announces a treaty
between France and America, and withdrawal of
the British minister from Paris, 387; his surprise
at Chatham's being buried with public honours,
390; rejoices at the rejection of Burke's econo-
mical reform bill, 405; takes measures for repress-
ing the riots of 1780, 408; holds a council to
explain the riot act; his opinion of the right con-
struction, 409; gives his claims on St. Eustatius
to the army and navy, 420; inconsistency
of his speech, 1781, 431, 432; his hatred of
Fox, 432, 433; his reply to the address praying
for a discontinuance of the war, 434, 435;
his dislike of having the opposition for
his ministers, 435; compelled to change his
ministers, 435, 436; recommends economical re-
form, 440; expresses his concern at the discon-
tent in Ireland, 446; appoints Shelburne to the
lordship of the Treasury, 450; speech, 1782, an-
nouncing the independence of America, 458; his
alleged incivility towards Jefferson and Adams,
460; Jefferson's testimony to this effect, 461, and
that of Adams to the contrary, 462; fond of agri-
cultural pursuits, vii. 18; chosen patron of the
Royal Academy, 70; patronizes West; his delight
in West's pictures, 74, 75; remarks on India,
1782, 136, 137; his dislike to Fox's India bill,
137, 138; dismisses the coalition ministry, 189;
his firmness in retaining the Pitt ministry, 141,
142; speech, 1786, 147; announces the com-
mercial treaty with France, 148; speech, 1787,