[To make the narrative of Indian Affairs in 1849 intelligible, we must trace the origin and progress of the war during 1848.]

On April 18, 1848, Mr. Van Agnew and lieutenant Anderson, in company with Khan Singh, the newly appointed governor of Mooltan, had reached the town of Mooltan, and had been killed in a quarrel with the troops of the old governor, Dewan Moolraj; who immediately broke out into open rebellion. On June 18, lieutenant Edwardes, with a small British force, having joined the forces of the Rajah of Bhawal poor, engaged and defeated the army of Moolraj, who retreated to the town. General Whish undertook to besiege it, but was compelled, by the desertion of Shere Singh with his troops, to raise the siege on Sept. 22. He fell back a few miles, while lord Gough with a relieving army assembled at Ferozepoor, and another large force was concentrating at Roree. On Oct. 9, Shere Singh separated himself from Moolraj, and skilfully led his army to the country north-west of Lahore, and south-west of Wuzeerabad. Here he was joined by Chuttur Singh. On Nov. 21, lord Gough found them entrenched on the left bank of the Chenab, behind Ramnuggur, with nearly 40,000 men and 28 guns, and attacked them. On the 23rd the Sikhs withdrew; on Dec. 3, major-general Thackwell crossed the Chenab at Wuzeerabad, a fight took place, and on the 4th the rebels retreated to Jailam, a little beyond which place they strongly entrenched themselves. Lord Gough had also crossed the Chenab, but stopped all further fighting till

Mooltan should have been taken, which place was then being besieged by general Whish. On Dec. 21, the British troops with their Indian allies advanced to the attack, they cleared the suburbs, and established themselves within 500 yards of the walls. The place was heavily cannonaded till the 29th, when several breaches were made, a granary was set on fire, and several small magazines exploded. the 30th the principal magazine containing nearly 800,000 lbs. of powder blew up, killing the Dewan's mother, many of his principal officers, and destroying a great number of houses, mosques, and other public buildings. On the 31st the garrison made a sortie, but the atack was repulsed with great loss to the assailants.

On

[To connect the notices of Foreign Affairs in 1849, we give the following very brief abstract of events in 1848.]

ITALY. Insurrection in Sicily. January 12. Provisional government proclaimed in Palermo. March 18. Insurrection in Milan against the Austrians. March 19. The Italian flag hoisted in all towns of North Italy. March 23. The king of Sardinia espouses the cause of Italian regeneration against Austria. May 15. Fighting at Naples between the royal troops and the National Guard; the city given up to pillage and massacre upon the defeat of the people. May 29. The Austrians defeated at Goito by the Sardinian army under king Charles Albert. June 12. The whole of the Venetian territory, except the city of Venice, was in the hands of the Austrians. July 27. Retreat of the Sardinian army, after six days' fighting with the Austrians. August 4. They capitulated to the Austrian Field-Marshal Radetsky. Sept. 21. Armistice between Sardinia and Austria.

GERMANY.-March 13. Revolution at Vienna -Prince Metternich flies from the city-Constitutional government to be established. March 18. A week of commotion and fighting at Berlin-A new ministry appointed-An amnesty proclaimed. June 16. Renewed conflicts in Berlin. July 12. The archduke Johann of Austria installed at Frankfort as lieutenantgeneral of Germany. Oct. 6. Insurrection in

June 21. The Russians, who had entered Hungary in aid of the Austrians, take Kronstadt, and having joined the Austrian army under general Wohlgemuth, defeat the Hungarians at Szered; and on the 23rd defeat them again at Eperies. On August 2 the Russians captured Debreczin.

June 27. A public meeting held at the London Tavern, London, to receive a deputation from Ireland, on the subject of the distress in that country.

July 6. The German army, which had been sent to the aid of the Schleswig-Holstein insurgents, and was besieging Fredericia, defeated by the Danes, who took 1800 prisoners. An armistice for six months between Denmark and Prussia, was concluded on the 10th.

July 12. Serious affray between the Orangemen and the Roman Catholics at Dolly's Brae, near Castlewellan, in Ireland. Several of the Roman Catholics were killed, and some of their houses wrecked and burnt. On Sept. 13, a majority of the magistrates in petty sessions, by their chairman, the earl of Roden, refused to take informations against the Orangemen accused of the offence. The refusal was repeated on Oct. 9, for which the earl of Roden and two other justices were discharged from the magistracy.

July 27. An insurrection broke out in Cephalonia and Corfu, which was suppressed, and the instigators punished.

Aug. 9. The Hungarians after various alternations of success and defeats were utterly routed at Temeswar; and on the 13th the remains of the army and Görgey surrendered to the Russians at Grosswardein.

Aug. 22. Venice surrendered to the Austrians after an energetic defence.

Sept. 8. Louis Napoleon, president of the French Republic, publishes a letter to colonel Ney, insisting on a general amnesty, a secular administration, and other improvements for the subjects of the Pope.

Sept. 16. Prayers offered up in all the churches for the removal of the cholera, which was raging with great intensity. It continued to prevail during the autumn, till on Nov. 15, thanksgivings were offered on its cessation.

Oct. 30. The president of the French Republic dismisses his ministry.

Nov. 3. Sir James Ross returns from an unsuccessful search after sir John Franklin.

Nov. 5. Russia and Austria require Turkey to withdraw her protection from the Hungarian refugees who had fled into her territory; this is refused. Turkey appeals to England, and on this day the British fleet entered the Dardanelles; where, however, it returned on the 13th to Besika Bay.

Nov. 7. The inauguration of the Queen's College at Cork took place on this day.

Dec. 1. The queen-dowager Adelaide died at Bentley Priory, Stanmore, Middlesex, aged 57.

Dec. 16. At Mullinahone, in Tipperary, a vast assemblage of tenant-farmers and cottiers met to petition in favour of tenant-right,

which included lower rents determined by a valuation, compensation on quitting for permanent improvements, and a lease. This meeting was followed by many others with the same object.

Dec. 28. Letter appeared from sir Robert Peel to his tenantry on "the Present State and Prospects of Agriculture."

INDIA.-On Jan. 2, 1849, a breach was made near the Delhi gate, but the entrance was not found practicable; but the Bombay column had forced an entrance on the opposite side of the town, which was ultimately taken possession of by the British troops; the fort having been captured on the following day, while the citadel still remained in possession of Moolraj. On Jan. 13, lord Gough having advanced towards the Jhelum with 22,000 men and 130 guns, found himself in front of the Sikh army, which, under the command of Shere Singh, occupied a long line from Moong to Russool. Here the British troops were halted, in order to give them a day's rest before attacking the enemy. The Sikh batteries, however, some of which were within range, commenced firing on the British position, some of the shot falling close to the commander-inchief. This occasioned him to change his plan, and a cannonade was ordered on the enemy's centre, which was kept up on both sides for an hour or two. Lord Gough ordered a flank movement of infantry to be made on the left, but it was met by a concealed battery. repulse occasioned some confusion. A regiment of light dragoons retreated in consequence of a misunderstanding of orders, and one cavalry regiment turned and fled. Night put an end to the combat; the British bivouacked near the field of battle, and the Sikhs withdrew. This was the battle of Chillianwallah, in which the British loss was 731 men killed, and 1446 wounded. That of the Sikhs was far greater. On the 22nd, Moolraj, the citadel of Mooltan having become untenable, surrendered himself and his garrison unconditionally.

The

On Feb. 15, lord Gough having discovered that Shere Singh, with the main body of his army, instead of leaving, crossed the Jhelum, was on his march to Lahore, advanced in pursuit. General Whish had in the meantime arrived at Ramnuggur, with a brigade of his force, and learning that Shere Singh was approaching Wuzeerabad, dispatched col. Byrne with a detachment of men and guns to prevent or delay his crossing the Chenab. This was effected; and the Sikh army encamped itself near Goojerat. The British forces under general Whish, and brigadiers Markham and Hervey, were then enabled to cross the Chenab, and co-operate with lord Gough, who continued to advance. On Feb. 21 took place the battle of Goojerat. Lord Gough, with 25,000 men and 100 guns, attacked the strongly posted Sikh army of 60,000 men and 59 guns. After nine hours of obstinate fighting, the Sikhs were totally routed, and Shere Singh escaped to the

On

Salt Range Hills with only 8000 men. March 8, he came to the British camp to propose a capitulation, but was told that nothing but an unconditional surrender would be accepted. On the 14th this was made, and the Sikh forces laid down their arms.

The Afghans, under Dost Mahomed, had taken a hostile part against the British during this contest. They had taken the fort of Attock, and captured several British officers. Sir Wm. Gibert was sent against them, and, after some other successes, on March 21, Dost Mahomed and the remnant of his army reached the Khyber Pass, through which they were able to retreat unmolested. On March 29, the Governor-General of India issued a proclamation that the Punjaub was annexed to the British dominions. In July, Moolraj was tried and found guilty of the murder of Mr. Agnew and lieut. Anderson, but was recommended to mercy, and in September he was sentenced to be transported for life.

LEGISLATION. SESSION 12 & 13 VICTORIE..

Cap. 29. An Act to amend the Laws in force for the Encouragement of British Shipping and Navigation.

Cap. 77. Further to facilitate the State and Transfer of Incumbered Estates in Ireland.

Cap. 106. To amend and consolidate the Laws relating to Bankruptcy.

Cap. 111. To amend the Nuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention Act, 1848.

Revenue, 52,951,749.; ExpenditureArmy and Ordnance, 8,881,141.; Navy, 6,942,3971.; for all objects, 50,853,6237.; Debt, 790,927,0177.

Exports of British and Irish Produce and Manufactures, 63,596,0251.

Emigration to North American Colonies, 41,367; to the United States, 219,450; to the Australian Colonies and New Zealand, 32,191; to all other places, 6490: total, 299,498.

Railway Traffic: Miles open, 6031; number of passengers, 63,841,539; traffic receipts, 11,806, 4987.

Number of Paupers, 812,523.

1850.

Jan. 3. A proclamation issued by the Queen, appointing a Commission for the Promotion of the Works of Industry of all Nations, to be holden in 1851, of which prince Albert became the acting chief. In pursuance of this object a numerous meeting was held at the Mansionhouse, London, on the 25th.

Jan. 10. The Enterprise and Investigator leave Woolwich in search of sir John Franklin. Jan. 17. A meeting of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce took place, in order to consider the important question of how best to insure a more certain and steady supply of cotton. Several suggestions were offered, but no important mode of action was decided on.

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Jan. 31. Parliament opened by commission. The speech announced the happy continuance of peace and amity with foreign powers; that the differences which had arisen between Austria and Turkey respecting the reception of the Hungarian refugees was peacefully terminated; that the United States and Sweden had granted reciprocity to British ships; the speech then referred to the cholera, and to the loyal reception of her majesty in Ireland; it congratulated the Houses on the improved condition of commerce and manufactures, and upon the freedom of the kingdom from the wars and convulsions which had prevailed during the last two years on the continent of Europe.

Feb. 4. Social riots in Paris occasioned by the orders for the police to cut down the trees of liberty; this continued for two days, but the mobs were dispersed by the troops.

Feb. 6. The king of Prussia takes the oaths to the new constitution agreed upon for that kingdom.

March 15. The Chancellor of the Exchequer made his financial statement. He showed that there would be a surplus of revenue, with which he proposed to remove the duty on bricks, and to make loans for purposes of drainage and agricultural improvement to England, Scotland, and Ireland.

March 15. The king of Würtemberg opens his States Assembly with a speech attacking the insidious ambition of Russia, and announcing the formation of a league, under the sanction of Austria, between Würtemberg, Bavaria, and Saxony.

March 21. A grand banquet was given at the Mansion-house by the lord mayor of London to the mayors of 188 towns, to the foreign ambassadors, the ministers and prince Albert, to promote and forward the project of the Great International Exhibition. In his speech to the meeting, prince Albert said, "It must indeed be most gratifying to me to find that a suggestion which I had thrown out, as appearing to me of importance at this time, should have met with such universal concurrence and approbation."

June 17. In the House of Lords, a resolution was moved by lord Stanley condemnatory of the foreign policy of ministers in relation to the affairs of Greece, which was carried after some debate by a majority of 37 against ministers. On the 20th, Mr. Roebuck gave notice in the House of Commons of his intention to move a resolution approving the whole foreign policy of the government. The debate on this resolution commenced on the 24th, and was continued on the 25th and the 28th, when the House divided-For the resolution, 310; against it, 264; majority in favour of ministers, 46.

July 2. Sir Robert Peel died in consequence of a fall from his horse on June 29, aged 62. On July 4, lord John Russell pronounced a panegyric on the deceased statesman, and suggested a public funeral, which was declined, on the ground of his own expressed wish, "to